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Chapter 2: Sectors of Indian Economy Notes Class - 10 Subject-Economics

1. The document discusses the three sectors of the Indian economy: the primary sector involves extraction of natural resources like farming, forestry and mining. The secondary sector involves manufacturing and processing of raw materials. The tertiary sector provides services that support the primary and secondary sectors like education, healthcare, transportation etc. 2. GDP is calculated as the total value of final goods and services produced across the three sectors in a country in a year. Employment can be increased through industries and services in rural areas like tourism, crafts, and IT. The MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of employment per year in rural India. 3. Key responsibilities of the Indian government include raising funds through taxes, infrastructure development, supporting

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108 views

Chapter 2: Sectors of Indian Economy Notes Class - 10 Subject-Economics

1. The document discusses the three sectors of the Indian economy: the primary sector involves extraction of natural resources like farming, forestry and mining. The secondary sector involves manufacturing and processing of raw materials. The tertiary sector provides services that support the primary and secondary sectors like education, healthcare, transportation etc. 2. GDP is calculated as the total value of final goods and services produced across the three sectors in a country in a year. Employment can be increased through industries and services in rural areas like tourism, crafts, and IT. The MGNREGA guarantees 100 days of employment per year in rural India. 3. Key responsibilities of the Indian government include raising funds through taxes, infrastructure development, supporting

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Chapter 2: sectors of Indian economy

Notes

Class – 10

Subject- economics

Sectors of Economic Activities

Sector defines a large segment of the economy in which businesses


share the same or a related product or service.

1. When we produce a good by extraction and collection of natural


resources, it is known as the primary sector.
For example: Farming, forestry, hunting, fishing and mining
2. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are
changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing. It is the next
step after primary. Some manufacturing processes are required here. It
is also called the industrial sector.
For example, using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and weave
cloth. Using sugarcane as raw material, we make Sugar or Gur.
3. Tertiary sector includes activities that help in the development of the
primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not
produce a good but they are an aid or support for the production
process. It is also called the service sector.
For example: Teachers, doctors, washermen, barbers, cobblers,
lawyers, call centres, software companies etc.

Comparing the 3 Sectors


The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a
particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year.
The sum of production in the three sectors gives Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) of a country. GDP is the value of all final goods and
services produced within a country during a particular year. It shows
how big the economy is. In India, the task of measuring GDP is
undertaken by a central government ministry.
How to Create More Employment

Employment can be given to people by identifying, promoting and


locating industries and services in semi-rural areas. Every state or
region has the potential for increasing the income and employment for
people in that area. It can be done by tourism, or regional craft industry,
or new services like IT. A study conducted by the Planning Commission
(known as NITI Aayog) estimates that nearly 20 lakh jobs can be
created in the education sector alone. The central government in India
made a law implementing the Right to Work in about 625 districts of
India, which is called Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005. Under MGNREGA 2005, all those
who are able to, and are in need of work in rural areas are guaranteed
100 days of employment in a year by the government. If the
government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give
unemployment allowances to the
Difference between organised sector and un organised sector
Difference between public sector and private sector

Responsibility of the government:

There are a large number of activities which are the primary


responsibility of the government. Here we have listed a few of them:

1. Government raises money through taxes and other ways to meet


expenses on the services rendered by it.
2. Governments have to undertake heavy spending such as the
construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity,
providing irrigation through dams etc. Also, it has to ensure that these
facilities are available for everyone.
3. There are some activities, which the government has to support to
encourage the private sector to continue their production or business.
4. The government in India buys wheat and rice from farmers at a ‘fair
price’ and sells at a lower price to consumers through ration shops. In
this way, it supports both farmers and consumers.
5. Running proper schools and providing quality education, health and
education facilities for all are some of the duties of the government.
6. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human
development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities
for the poor and food and nutrition, taking care of the poorest and most
ignored regions of the country.

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