Order of Magnitude

1. Convert 8 ×10 6 m to
a) pm
b) Mm
c) mm
d) Gm
e) dm
f) cm
g) km
2. Convert 6.6 ×10−3 m to
a) pm
b) Mm
c) mm
d) Gm
e) dm
f) cm
g) km
3. Convert to m
a) 6pm
b) 3.7Mm
c) 4.4mm
d) 4.56nm
e) 77dm
f) 87cm
g) 567km
h) 1.24nm
4. Convert the following
a) 7.5 nm to pm
b) 87cm to Mm
c) 3.4 µm to mm
d) 888 Tm to Gm
e) 1000m to dm
f) 0.0078cm to Gm
g) 0.23km to mm
h) 440nm to dm
Density
1 a If the density of wood is 0.5 g/cm3 what is the mass of
(i) 1 cm3,
(ii) 2 cm3,
(iii) 10 cm3?
b What is the density of a substance of
(i) mass 100 g and volume 10 cm3,
(ii) volume 3 m3 and mass 9 kg?
c The density of gold is 19 g/cm3. Find the volume of
(i) 38 g,
(ii) 95 g of gold.
2 A piece of steel has a volume of 12 cm3 and a mass of 96 g. What is its density in
a g/cm3,
b kg/m3?
3 What is the mass of 5 m3 of cement of density 3000 kg/m3?
4 What is the mass of air in a room measuring 10 m × 5.0 m ×2.0 m if the density of air is 1.3
kg/m3?
5 When a golf ball is lowered into a measuring cylinder of water, the water level rises by 30
cm3 when the ball is completely submerged. If the ball weighs 33 g in air, find its density.
6 Why does ice float on water?
7 A rectangular block of wood has dimensions 240 mm x 20.5cm x 0.040 m. Calculate its
volume in cm3,
8 Ten identical lengths of wire are laid closely side-by-side. Their combined width is
measured and found to be 14.2mm. Calculate:
a the radius of a single wire
b the volume in mm’ of a single wire if its length is 10.0cm (volume of a cylinder = πr 2 h ,
where r= radius and h = height).
9 Calculate the density of mercury if 500cm3 has a mass of 6.60 kg. Give your answer in
g/cm3.
10 A steel block has mass 40g. It is in the form of a cube. Each edge of the cube is 1.74cm
long. Calculate the density of the steel.
11 Many television sets show 25 images, called ‘frames, each second. What is the time
interval between one frame and the next?
12 A pendulum is timed, first for 20 swings and then for 50 swings:
time for 20 swings = 17.4s
time for 50 swings = 43.28
Calculate the average time per swing in each case. The answers are slightly different. Suggest
some possible experimental reasons for this.
13 An IGCSE student thinks it may be possible to identify different rocks (A, B and C ) by
measuring their densities. She uses an electronic balance to measure the mass of each sample
and uses the ‘displacement method’ to determine the volume of each sample. The diagram
shows her displacement results for sample A.
 a. State the volume shown in each measuring cylinder.
b. Calculate the volume V of the rock sample A.
c. Sample A has a mass of 102g, Calculate its density.
14 A flask with a tap has a volume of 200 cm. When full of air, the flask has a mass of 30.98
g. The flask is connected to a vacuum pump, the air is pumped out and then the tap is closed.
The flask now has a mass of 30.72g.
Calculate:
a. the mass of the air in the flask before connecting to the vacuum pump, in g
b. the density of the air in the flask.

EQUATIONS OF MOTION

1 What is the average speed of

a a car that travels 400 m in 20 s,
b an athlete who runs 1500 m in 4 minutes?
2 A train increases its speed steadily from 10 m/s to 20 m/s in 1 minute.
a What is its average speed during this time, in m/s?
b How far does it travel while increasing its speed?
3 A motorcyclist starts from rest and reaches a speed of 6 m/s after travelling with uniform
acceleration for 3 s. What is his acceleration?
5 A vehicle moving with a uniform acceleration of 2 m/s2 has a velocity of 4 m/s at a certain
time. What will its velocity be
a 1 s later,
b 5 s later?
6 If a bus travelling at 20 m/s is subject to a steady deceleration of 5 m/s2, how long will it
take to come to rest?
7 Given the following values find the final velocity v,
a) u = 2 m/s, a = 5 m/s2, t = 3s
b) u = 2 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, t = 3s
c) u = 4 m/s, a = 1 m/s2, t = 7s
d) u = -4 m/s, a = 3.5 m/s2, t = 3s
e) u = -2 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, t = 2.3s
f) u = 22.5 m/s, a = -3.7 m/s2, t = 3s
8 Given the following values find the initial velocity u,
a) v = 2 m/s, a = 5 m/s2, t = 3s
b) v = 0 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, t = 4.4s
c) v = 4 m/s, a = 0.59 m/s2, t = 8s
d) v = -4 m/s, a = 3.5 m/s2, t = 3s
e) v = 0 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, t = 2.3s
f) v = 22.5 m/s, a = -5.1 m/s2, t = 3s
9 Given the following values find the time taken t,
a) v = 2 m/s, a = 5 m/s2, u = 3 m/s
b) v = 0 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, u = 4.4 m/s
c) v = 4 m/s, a = 0.59 m/s2, u = 8 m/s
d) v = -4 m/s, a = 3.5 m/s2, u = 3 m/s
e) v = 0 m/s, a = -5 m/s2, u = 2.3 m/s
f) v = 22.5 m/s, a = -5.1 m/s2, u = 3 m/s
10 Given the following values find the acceleration a,
a) v = 2 m/s, t = 6.4 s, u = 3.3 m/s
b) v = 0 m/s, t = -5.2 s, u = 4.4 m/s
c) v = 4 m/s, t = 0.59 s, u = - 8.5 m/s
d) v = -4 m/s, t = 3.5 s, u = 3.6 m/s
e) v = 0 m/s, t = -5.6 s, u = 2.3 m/s
f) v = 22.5 m/s, t = -5.1 s, u = 3.1 m/s

DISPLACEMENT TIME GRAPHS

VELOCITY TIME GRAPHS
Dynamics
1. A sledge stands on smooth horizontal icy ground. The sledge has a mass of 35kg. If a
force of 105N acts on the sledge, find its acceleration.
2. A man pushes a box on horizontal ground with a force of 240 N. There is a frictional
force of 60 N opposing the motion. If the acceleration of the box is 12ms-2 while it is
being projected, calculate the mass of the box in kg.
3. In the game of curling, a heavy granite stone of mass 20kg is projected across an ice
rink. Ignoring friction, if the acceleration of the stone is 2.4ms-2, calculate the
magnitude of the force projecting it.
4. A wooden block of mass 5 kg is at rest on a smooth horizontal table a distance from
the edge of the table. The block is pulled directly towards the edge by a horizontal
string. The tension in the string is 1 N. Calculate the time taken to reach the edge of
the table if its speed at the edge is 0.8 m/s.
5. A small seaplane of mass 8000 kg is travelling with a horizontal speed u ms-1 when it
lands on the sea. The plane is brought to rest by water resistance of 960 N in 100
seconds. Calculate the value of u.
6. A toy car of mass 0.35kg is moving at a velocity of 2ms-1 and comes to rest after it has
travelled for 35 seconds in a straight line on a horizontal floor. Calculate the
resistance force that slows the car down.
7. A porter at a railway station is dragging a suitcase of mass 82.5 kg along the platform
with an acceleration of 0.175 ms-2. The horizontal force that he exerts is 170 N. Find
the frictional force between the floor and the trunk.
8. A particle of mass 2.5kg is pulled in a straight line along a horizontal surface by a
string parallel to the surface with an acceleration of 2.8ms-2. Given that there is a
frictional force of 4N that opposes the motion of the particle, find the tension in the
string.
9. A goods lift has a mass of 750 kg and can hold a maximum load of 1200 kg. The lift
is raised and lowered by a cable. Using g = 10ms-2, calculate
a) the tension in the cable when it is being raised with a full load and an acceleration
of 0.5ms-2.
b) the tension in the cable when the empty lift is being lowered with an acceleration of
0.7 ms-2.
c) the mass of the load if there is a tension of 15200N when the partially loaded lift is
being raised at a constant speed.
SCALARS AND VECTORS

Work, Energy and Power

1. A body is pulled a distance of 20 m across a horizontal surface against a resistance of
40.N. If the body moves with constant velocity, find the work done against the
resistance.
2. Find the work done by a crane lifting a load of 200 kg at constant speed through a
distance of 6.4m.
3. Find the work done in pulling, at constant speed, a packing case of mass 70kg a
distance of 18 m against a resistance of 150 N on a horizontal surface.
4. A force of 80N moves an object 15.8 m in the direction of the force. Find the work
done by the force.
5. Find the work done by a man of mass 78kg in climbing vertically up a ladder 5 m
high at constant speed.
6. Find the kinetic energy of
a) a body of mass 5kg moving with speed 4ms-1.
b) a body of mass 2kg moving with speed 3 ms-1.
c) a car of mass 1200kg moving with speed 10ms-1
d) a particle of mass 100g moving with speed 20ms-1.
7. Find the gain in kinetic energy when
a) a car of mass 1.4 tonnes increases its speed from 5ms-1 to 6ms-1.
b) a body of mass 5g increases its speed from 200 ms-1 to 300ms-1.
8. Find the loss in kinetic energy of
a) an object of mass 5kg that decreases its speed from 3 ms-1 to 2ms-1.
b) a car of mass 900kg that decreases its speed from 14ms-1 to 10ms-1.
9. A body of mass 12kg is moving at a speed of 4ms-1. The body’s kinetic energy
increases by 80J. Find the final speed of the body.
10. A base jumper with mass 85kg jumps from the top of a building, 300m above the
ground. He falls with an initial velocity of 4ms-1 towards the ground. He releases his
parachute at a point 80 m above the ground. Find
a) the initial kinetic energy of the jumper
b) the potential energy lost by the jumper in moving from the top of the building to
the point where he releases his parachute
c) his speed at the instant that he releases his parachute, stating an assumption you
have made in modelling this situation.
11. A body of mass 2 kg is released from rest and falls freely under gravity. Ignoring air
resistance, find its speed when it has fallen a distance of 15m.
12. A body of mass 5kg is released from rest and falls freely under gravity. Ignoring air
resistance, find the distance it has fallen when its speed is 8ms-1.
13. A stone of mass 0.2kg is dropped down a well. The stone hits the surface of the water
with a speed of 16ms-1.
a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the stone as it hits the water.
b) Find the height above the water from which the stone was dropped.
c) When the stone hits the water, it begins to sink vertically and experiences a
constant resistance of 18 N. Find the depth the stone has sunk to when the speed of
the stone is 4ms-1.
14. A body of mass 4kg is projected vertically downwards at a speed of 2ms-1. Find the
speed of the body as it passes through a point 6 m below the point of projection.
Assume there are no resistances to the motion.
15. A lorry of mass 5000 kg accelerates from 5 ms-1 to 8ms-1 while covering a distance of
60 m on a horizontal road. The resistance to motion is constant and of magnitude
250N. Find the driving force.
16. Find the force needed to accelerate a train of mass 400 tonnes from 12 ms-1 to 20 ms-1
in a distance of 2 km along a horizontal track, assuming the resistance to motion is
constant and 150000 N.
Thermal Physics
1 A tank holding 60 kg of water is heated by a 3 kW electric immersion heater. If the specific
heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg ºC), estimate the time for the temperature to rise from 10
ºC to 60 ºC.
2 A piece of aluminium of mass 0.5 kg is heated to 100 ºC and then placed in 0.4 kg of water
at 10 ºC. If the resulting temperature of the mixture is 30 ºC, what is the specific heat capacity
of aluminium if that of water is 4200 J/(kg ºC)?
3 How much heat is needed to raise the temperature by 10 ºC of 5 kg of a substance of
specific heat capacity 300 J/(kg ºC)? What is the thermal capacity of the substance?
4. A domestic hot water tank contains 200 kg of water at 20°C. How much energy must be
supplied to heat this water to 70°C? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200J/(kg°C).)
5. The specific heat capacity of steel is 420J/(kg°C).
a How much energy is required to heat 1kg of steel by 20°C?
b How much energy is required to heat 5kg of steel by 20°C?
6. A beaker contains 1 kg of water at 20°C. A student heats a 1 kg block of aluminium to
100°C and then drops it in to the water. After a short while, the water and the block both
reach a temperature of 38°C.
7. When 26 400 J of energy is supplied to a 2.0 kg block of aluminium, its temperature rises
from 20 °C to 35 °C. The block is well insulated so that there is no energy loss to the
surroundings. Determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
8. Calculate the energy which must be supplied to raise the temperature of 5.0 kg of water
from 20 °C to 100 °C.
9 Which requires more energy, heating a 2.0 kg block of lead by 30 K, or heating a 4.0 kg
block of copper by 5.0 K?
10 A well-insulated 1.2kg block of iron is heated using a 50W heater for 4.0min. The
temperature of the block rises from 22°C to 45°C. Find the experimental value for the
specific heat capacity of iron.
11. The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.26 MJ kg-1. Calculate the energy
needed to change 2.0 g of water into steam at 100 °C.
12. The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 330 kJ kg-1. Calculate the energy needed to
change 2.0 g of ice into water at 0 °C.

13 How much heat is needed to change 20 g of ice at 0 ºC to steam at 100 ºC?

14. An aluminium can of mass 100 g contains 200 g of water. Both, initially at 15 ºC, are
placed in a freezer at -5.0 ºC. Calculate the quantity of heat that has to be removed from the
water and the can for their temperatures to fall to -5.0 ºC.
15. a How much heat will change 10 g of ice at 0 ºC to water at 0 ºC?
b What quantity of heat must be removed from 20 g of water at 0 ºC to change it to ice at
0ºC?
16 a How much heat is needed to change 5 g of ice at 0 ºC to water at 50 ºC?
b If a freezer cools 200 g of water from 20 ºC to its freezing point in 10 minutes, how much
heat is removed per minute from the water?
17 How long will it take a 50 W heater to melt 100 g of ice at 0 ºC?
18 Some small aluminium rivets of total mass 170 g and at 100 ºC are emptied into a hole in
a large block of ice at 0 ºC.
a What will be the final temperature of the rivets?
b How much ice will melt?
19 a How much heat is needed to change 4 g of water at 100 ºC to steam at 100 ºC?
b Find the heat given out when 10 g of steam at 100 ºC condenses and cools to water at 50
ºC.
20 A 3 kW electric kettle is left on for 2 minutes after the water starts to boil. What mass of
water is boiled off in this time?
21 A cooking pot contains 0.80 kg of water at 100°C. How much energy must be supplied to
boil all of the water so that the pot is dry? The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is
330kJ/kg.
22. a A 500 W kettle contains 300 g of water at 20 °C. Calculate the minimum time it would
take to raise the temperature of the water to boiling point.
b The kettle is allowed to boil for 2 minutes. Calculate the mass of water that remains in the
kettle.
(Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 × 103J kg-1°C-1,
specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2.26 × 106J kg-1.)

Waves
1. Storms in the South Pacific can create waves that travel all the way to the California coast,
which are 12,000 km away. How long does it take them if they travel at 15.0 m/s?
2. Waves on a swimming pool propagate at 0.750 m/s. You splash the water at one end of the
pool and observe the wave go to the opposite end, reflect, and return in 30.0 s. How far away
is the other end of the pool?
3. Wind gusts create ripples on the ocean that have a wavelength of 5.00 cm and propagate at
2.00 m/s. What is their frequency?
4. How many times a minute does a boat bob up and down on ocean waves that have a
wavelength of 40.0 m and a propagation speed of 5.00 m/s?
5. Scouts at a camp shake the rope bridge they have just crossed and observe the wave crests
to be 8.00 m apart. If they shake it the bridge twice per second, what is the propagation speed
of the waves?
6. What is the wavelength of the waves you create in a swimming pool if you splash your
hand at a rate of 2.00 Hz and the waves propagate at 0.800 m/s?
7. What is the wavelength of an earthquake that shakes you with a frequency of 10.0 Hz and
gets to another city 84.0 km away in 12.0 s?
8. Radio waves transmitted through space at 3.00×108 m/s by the Voyager spacecraft have a
wavelength of 0.120 m. What is their frequency?
9. Your ear is capable of differentiating sounds that arrive at the ear just 1.00 ms apart. What
is the minimum distance between two speakers that produce sounds that arrive at noticeably
different times on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s?
10. A man shouts loudly close to a high wall. He hears one echo. If the man is 40m from the
wall, how long after the shout will the echo be heard? (Speed of sound in air = 330 m/s.)
11. Determine the wavelength and amplitude of each of the two waves shown.
Light

a) In the above questions draw

i. The normal at the point of incidence
ii. Either the reflected ray or the incident ray
b) Measure the angle of incidence in each case.

2. In the following questions trace the path of the following rays incident at X in the glass
blocks for the given refractive index and angle of incidence.
a) n = 1.51, θ = 23o
b) n = 1.51, θ = 27o
c) n = 1.51, θ = 29o
d) n = 1.51, θ = 31o
e) n = 1.51, θ = 36o
f) n = 1.51, θ = 41o
g) n = 1.51, θ = 45o
h) n = 1.51, θ = 66o
i) n = 1.51, θ = 90o
3 The following is data about lenses and objects placed in front of them. Determine the size
of the image produced. Describe the image on whether it is real or virtual, diminished or
enlarged and upright or inverted.
a) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 2.5 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
b) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 1.3 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
c) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 2 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
 d) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 3.2 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
e) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 4 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
f) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 2.2 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
g) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 3 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
h) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 0.7 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.
i) Focal length = 2 cm, Image 4.3 cm from optical centre, Object = 1.2cm high.

Electric Current and Power

1. The current in a circuit is 0.40 A. Calculate the charge that passes a point in the circuit
in a period of 15 s.
2. Calculate the current that gives a charge flow of 150 C in a time of 30 s.
3. In a circuit, a charge of 50 C passes a point in 20 s. Calculate the current in the circuit.
4. A car battery is labelled ‘50 A h’. This means that it can supply a current of 50 A for
one hour.
a For how long could the battery supply a continuous current of 200 A needed to start
the car?
b Calculate the charge which flows past a point in the circuit in this time.
5. There is a current of 10 A through a lamp for 1.0 hour. Calculate how much charge
flows through the lamp in this time.
6. Calculate the current in a circuit when a charge of 180 C passes a point in a circuit in
2.0 minutes.
7. Calculate the current in a lamp given that its resistance is 15 Ω and the potential
difference across
its ends is 3.0 V.
8. A car headlamp bulb has a resistance of 36Ω. Calculate the current in the lamp when
connected to a ‘12 V’ battery.
9. a Calculate the potential difference across a motor carrying a current of 1.0 A and
having a resistance of 50Ω .
b Calculate the potential difference across the same motor when the current is
doubled. Assume its resistance remains constant.
10. Calculate the resistance of a lamp carrying a current of 0.40 A when connected to a
230 V supply.
11. Calculate the current in a 60 W light bulb when it is connected to a 230 V power
supply.
12. A large power station supplies electrical energy to the grid at a voltage of 25 kV.
Calculate the output power of the station when the current it supplies is 40 kA.
13. A calculator is powered by a 3.0 V battery. The calculator’s resistance is 20 kΩ.
Calculate the power transferred to the calculator.
14. An energy-efficient light bulb is labelled ‘230 V, 15 W’. This means that when
connected to the 230 V mains supply it is fully lit and changes electrical energy to
heat and light at the rate of 15 W. Calculate:
 a the current which flows through the bulb when fully lit
b its resistance when fully lit.
15. Calculate the resistance of a 100 W light bulb that draws a current of 0.43 A from a
power supply.
16. A 12 V car battery can supply a current of 10 A for 5.0 hours. Calculate how many
joules of energy the battery transfers in this time.
17. A lamp is operated for 20 s. The current in the lamp is 10 A. In this time, it transfers
400 J of energy to the lamp. Calculate:
a how much charge flows through the lamp
b how much energy each coulomb of charge transfers to the lamp
c the p.d. across the lamp.

27. A lamp connected to a 12 V supply converts energy at a rate of 36 W.

How much energy will be converted in 10 s?
A 30 J B 36 J C 120 J D 360 J
28. An immersion heater is labelled 12 V, 60 W.
What is the current in the heater when connected to a 12 V supply?
a. 0.20 A B 5.0 A C 12 A D 60 A
29. A lamp is rated at 60 W on a 240 V supply.
What is the current in the lamp when used normally?
A 0.25 A B 4.0 A C 60 A D 180 A
30. How much energy is converted in a resistor of 5.0 Ω carrying a current of 2.0 A for 10
seconds?
A 4.0 J B 25 J C 100 J D 200 J
31. Which of the following would cost the least if operated from the same voltage supply?
a. a 5000 W electric cooker used for 1 minute
b. a 1000 W electric fire used for 10 minutes
c. a 500 W electric iron used for 1 hour
d. a 100 W lamp used for 1 day
32. What is the current in milliamperes produced by the solar cells of a pocket calculator
through which 4.00 C of charge passes in 4.00 h?
33. A total of 600 C of charge passes through a flashlight in 0.500 h. What is the average
current?
34. What is the current when a typical static charge of 0.250 µC moves from your finger to a
metal doorknob in 1.00 µs ?
35. Find the current when 2.00 nC jumps between your comb and hair over a 0.500 - µs time
interval.
36. A large lightning bolt had a 20,000-A current and moved 30.0 C of charge. What was its
duration?
37. The 200-A current through a spark plug moves 0.300 mC of charge. How long does the
spark last?
38. What is the power of a 1.00×102 MV lightning bolt having a current of 2.00 × 104 A ?
39. What power is supplied to the starter motor of a large truck that draws 250 A of current
from a 24.0-V battery hookup?
40. A charge of 4.00 C of charge passes through a pocket calculator’s solar cells in 4.00 h.
What is the power output, given the calculator’s voltage output is 3.00 V?
41 Use Kirchhoff’s first law to deduce the value of the current I in the below diagram.

42. In the diagram below, calculate the current in the wire X. State the direction of this
current (towards P or away from P).

43. Calculate ΣIin and ΣIout in the diagram below. Is Kirchhoff’s first law satisfied?

44. Use Kirchhoff’s first law to deduce the value and direction of the current I in the diagram
below.
Series and parallel Circuits
In each circuit below find:
i. The total resistance
ii. The current flowing in the battery
iii. The current through resistor X
iv. The p.d across the resistor Y