ACTIVITY 1 Name: Melicano, Angela Claire V. Group: Gr.

10
ASA Differences Between Organic and Section: DMED 2-1 Schedule: 7:30 – 12:00
1 Inorganic Compounds and Tests for
Instructor: Sir Edmerson Geronimo Date: Aug. 17, 2022
Elements Found in Organic
Compounds

Pre-laboratory Questions

1. Differentiate organic compounds from inorganic compounds.

2. Describe four properties of carbon that make it unique among the elements.

3. Why are there so many more organic compounds than inorganic compounds?

4. What is a vital force?

This force is used to guide the activities of the organism and to regulate form and
development. As more and more vital phenomena’ chemical and physical origins have been
revealed, full of energy has fallen out of favor.

Reference: (in APA format)

 LABORATORY ACTIVITY #1
Differences Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds
and Tests for Elements Found in Organic Compounds

INTRODUCTION

Compounds composing various materials vary between the inorganic and the organic types. Each of the
inorganic and organic compounds has particular characteristics of their own. However, such characteristics can also be
classified as common properties to all inorganic and to all organic substances. The physical and chemical properties of
many of the organic compounds can be used to differentiate them from inorganic compounds. While some properties are
shared by both organic and inorganic compounds, there are several that are distinctly different. We use these differences
to tell whether a compound is organic or inorganic.

Organic compounds had been originally described as those products from living forms while inorganic
compounds as those products from non-living forms. However, with the study of Friedrich Wohler, it was later found that
organic compounds can be formed from inorganic compounds. Because of such link between the organic and the
inorganic forms, the original phenomenon was no longer accepted. Today, chemists consider organic compounds as
those compounds containing carbon and one or more other elements, most often, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or
the halogens.

Generally, organic compounds are covalent and are nor very polar, although some do have some ionic bonds
within the compound, and many are somewhat polar. They are generally non-electrolytes, insoluble in water but soluble
in nonpolar solvents, are liquids or low melting solids and quite volatile.

OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the properties that differentiate inorganic and organic compounds.

2. Detect the presence of some elements contained in an organic compound.

MATERIALS
Evaporating dish, iron stand, iron ring, wire gauze, crucible tong, burner, 4 test tubes, test tube holder, test tube rack,
dropper, 600 ml beakers, electrical conductivity apparatus, 250 ml beaker, glass tubing, straw, stirring rod, watch glass

REAGENTS
Sodium chloride crystals, sucrose, 0.1 M sodium chloride solution, chloroform, 1% silver nitrate solution, sodium chloride
solution, potassium iodide solution, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, sucrose solution, dilute hydrochloric acid, distilled water, tap
water, calcium hydroxide solution, urea, red and blue litmus paper, 3M NaOH solution, egg white solution, 0.1M lead
acetate solution

PROCEDURE

I. Difference Between Organic and Inorganic Compounds

A. Differences Observed upon Heating

1. Place a pinch of NaCl on an evaporating dish.

2. Heat, gently at first and then with the full force of the burner. Observe.
3. Repeat the procedure using a pinch of sucrose instead of NaCl.

B. Difference in Ionization

1. Place 1 ml of a 0.1M NaCl solution in a test tube.

2. In another tube place a similar amount of chloroform.
3. Add 3 drops of a 1% AgNO3 solution to each. Record your results.
C. Solubility in Water

1. Place 1 ml of water in 2 separate test tubes.

2. Add a pinch of cupric sulfate in on test tube and a pinch of salicylic acid in the other.
3. Shake the test tubes for 15 seconds. Record the results.

D. Solubility in Organic Solvent

1. Place 1 ml of n-hexane in 2 separate test tubes.

2. Add a pinch of barium chloride in on test tube and a pinch of naphthalene powderhanol in the other.
3. Shake the test tubes for 15 seconds. Record the results.

II. Detection of Elements

A. Elements Detected by Combustion

a. Detection of Hydrogen and Oxygen

1. Place 2 ml of ethyl alcohol in an evaporating dish and ignite the liquid.
2. Hold an inverted beaker about 1 inch above the flame. Make sure the beaker is clean and dry.
3. Observe any substance that accumulates on the beaker. Write an equation for this reaction that
took place.

b. Detection of Carbon
1.
Dip a glass tubing into a solution of Ca(OH)2.
2.
Have a drop of a clear Ca(OH)2 solution at one end of the glass tube and hold this part of the tube about 1 inch
above the flame of the burning alcohol in an evaporating dish.
3.
Observe any change in the drop of limewater (Ca(OH)2). Record your observation and write the equation
for the reaction.
4.
Place 2 ml of clear Ca(OH)2 in the test tube.
5.
Using a straw, blow your breath through the Ca(OH)2 for a minute or two. Record the result.

B. Elements Detected by the Addition of a Strong Base and Heating

a. Detection of Nitrogen
1. Place 0.5 g urea in a small beaker.
2. Add 2 ml of 3M NaOH. Stir gently. Heat but do not boil.
3. Remove the beaker from the flame and sniff gently. Record any odor you recognize.

4. Moisten a piece of red and blue litmus to make them adhere to the watch glass. Expose the litmus to
the vapor over the beaker.
5. Note any change in color of the litmus paper.

b. Detection of sulfur
1. To 2 ml of an egg white solution in a test tube add 1 ml of 3 M NaOH and mix.
2. Pour half of it into another test tube.
3. Heat one of the tubes gently for 3 minutes. The other tube serves a control.
4. Cool. Add 1 ml of 0.1M Pb(Ac)2 solution to each tube. Record your observations.
 Name Group
Differences Between Organic and
PRE-LAB Inorganic Compounds and Tests for Section Schedule
1 Elements Found in Organic
Instructor Date
Compounds

I. Objectives

1.
2.

II. Materials and Reagents

A. Materials

B. Reagents

III. Procedure
 Activity 1

DATA AND RESULTS

Instruction: Provide the most appropriate interpretation and discussion for the given results of the tests provided in the
module.

I. Difference between Organic and Organic Compounds

A. Difference Observed Upon Heating

Sample Observation Interpretation

• There was a popping
motion observed in
NaCl the grains.
• Did not melt
• No change in color
• Melted upon heating
• The liquid dried up
Sucrose • The color changed
from white to brown to
black.

B. Difference in Ionization

Sample Observation Interpretation

• The solution became
hazy, and precipitation
NaCl
was observed upon
standing.
• There was formation
of micelles upon
addition of the AgCl
Chloroform solution.
• No change in color
• No precipitation was
observed.

C. Solubility in Water

Sample Observation Interpretation

• The crystals dissolved
Cupric sulfate in water resulting to a
blue-colored solution.
• The powder dispersed
Salicylic acid in the water but did
not dissolve in it.
D. Solubility in Organic Solvents

Sample Observation Interpretation

• The crystals settled at
Barium chloride
the bottom of the tube.
• The crystals dissolved
Naphthalene
in n-hexane.

II. Detection of Elements

A. Elements Detected by Combustion

1. Hydrogen and Oxygen

Observation Interpretation
The interior of the inverted
beaker became foggy and
eventually moist with droplets
observed hanging the surface of
the glass.

2. Detection of Carbon

Sample Observation Interpretation

Ethanol • The drop turned hazy
• The solution turned
Breath
hazy

B. Elements Detected by the Addition of a Strong Base and Heating

1. Detection of Nitrogen

Sample Observation Interpretation

• The gas that evolved from
the solution was “mapanghi”
Urea • The red litmus paper turned
blue upon exposure to the
fume.

2. Detection of Sulfur

Sample Observation Interpretation

• The solution turned black
Egg white with observable precipitation
• No observable change in
Control color
 Activity 1

IV. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

V. CONCLUSION
 Activity 1

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:

1. List 5 elements commonly found in organic compounds and state how they have been detected in the experiment.

2. What are the common sources of organic compounds?

3. Give two methods of distinguishing chloroform from sodium chloride solution.

References: