PREFA CE

PREFA
“Mathematics is nothing but developed perception; interpreted intent;
common sense rounded out and minutely articulated”.
Mathematics help to satisfy the curiosity and innovative thinking of human mind. Study
of Mathematics and Science aims at achieving an overall development of the budding
minds. Learning through activities and without stress on the students has replaced the
conventional method of learning to “LLearn with joy
joy”.
Study of Mathematics involve the process of imagination, prediction, thinking, reasoning,
understanding, appreciation etc.
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. is the source of your success skills. The
philosophy of this course book is to integrate the study of life and numbers with innovative
technology and co-relate them with student’s self experiences from their day to day life.
This course book is prepared based on the revised syllabus approved by the Govt.
based on NCF 2005 and State Curriculum Framework 2011.
The salient features of each chapter are -
Salute your scientist, is a tribute to the great scientists for their contribution to the field
of science.
Chapter at a glance at the beginning of each chapter with the main points helps the
student to recapitulate the entire lesson.
Improve your learning includes the Question & Answers (based on the different skills
needed to be achieved by the student) given point wise in a very lucid language to make
it easy to learn and remember. To make the concepts clear, illustrations are provided for
good understanding.
Objective worksheets given in the book will help the students not only to score marks
but also to develop and inculcate the skill of logical thinking and reasoning.
Diagram practice sheets will enhance the skill of observation, identification, drawing,
labelling etc., among the students.
Activity sheets are given based on the principle of “Learning by doing” which help the
student to learn at his/her own pace.
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competitor.. So, Dream, Achieve and Enjoy your success.
We have taken all the necessary care to make the course book error free. Constructive
suggestions from teachers are welcome to make it more student friendly.
With regards
Department of Mathematics
 INDEX
Chapter No. Name of the Chapter Page No.

1. Real Numbers 03 - 14

2. Polynomials and Factorisation 15 - 26

3. The Elements of Geometry 27 - 31

4. Lines and Angles 32 - 47

5. Co-ordinate Geometry 48 - 54

6. Linear Equations in two variables 55 - 62

7. Triangles 63 - 71

8. Quadrilaterals 72 - 81

9. Statistics 82 - 92

10. Surface areas & Volumes 93 - 102

11. Areas 103 - 110

12. Circles 111 - 119

13. Geometrical constructions 120 - 122

14. Probability 123 - 129

15. Proofs in Mathematics 130 - 137

Key 138 - 141

Model Papers 142 - 149

Academic Standards 150

 1. REAL NUMBERS
MIND MAPPING

Real Numbers

Rational Numbers

Conversion of a Irrational Successive Laws of exponents

Rational into Numbers & magnification for Real Numbers
decimal form Representing
and vice versa on number line
Surds

Exercise - 1.1 Exercise - 1.2 Exercise - 1.3 Exercise - 1.4

SELF ACCESS

1.
328
100
= 2. ( )
3 2+ 2 + 3 2+ 2 = ( )
( 5) − ( 2) =
2 2 22
3. 4. =
7

7 – (4 3 ) = ( 11) − ( 7 )
2 2 2
2
5. 6. =

2 3
+
7. (
5 2+ 7 + 7 2+ 5 = ) ( ) 8. 3 5=
2
9. 0.5 = 10. 3 5−7 3−5 3−7 5 =

( 5) ( 2)
2 2
11. + 2. 5. 2 + = 12. 6 3 × 13 3 =

(3 2 ) − ( 2 3 )
1 1 2 2
13. 7 × 11
17 17 = 14. =

(3 3 ) − ( 2 )
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
15. = 16. 34 4 − 8 73 3 + 15 2 5 5 + 15 =
−1
( )
2
17. (46656) 6 = 18. 62 – 4 2 =

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

( ) ( )
2

(3 )
2 2
19. 2 5 − 3 3 = 20. 5 5
=

( 4 )2 − ( ) ( 3) + ( 7)
2 2 2
21. 5 = 22. + 2. 3. 7 =

( 2 )2 − ( )
2
23. 2 = 24. 3 – (8 × 7) + (15 × 2) + 15 =

25. (
5 2 5+3 3 + 3 2 5+3 3 = ) ( )
SYNOPSIS :

p
Ø Rational numbers are of the form , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Rational numbers are
q
denoted by ‘Q’ .

p p
Ø If we say is a rational number or when we represent on number line, we assume that q ≠ 0 and
q q
that p and q have no common factors other than the universal factor ‘1’ (i.e., p and q are co primes).

a+ b
Ø The rational number lies between two rational numbers a and b is .
2
Ø There are infinite number of rational numbers between any two given rational numbers. This property
is called density property of rational numbers.
Ø Every fraction can be expressed as either terminating or non-terminating recurring decimal.

p
Ø The numbers which cannot be represented in form are called irrational numbers. They are denoted
q
by ‘S’ or ‘Q|’ .
Ø Irrational numbers can be expressed as non-terminating, non-recurring decimals.

Ø If ‘n’ is a natural number other than a perfect square, then n is an irrational number.

c
Ø π is defined as the ratio of the circumference (C) of a circle to its diameter (d) i.e., π = .
d

Ø The collection of rational and irrational numbers are called Real numbers, denoted by R, i.e., Q ∪ S = R .
Ø If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are two positive rational numbers such that ab is not a perfect square of a rational
number, then ab is an irrational number lying between a and b.
Ø If the product of two irrational numbers is a rational number then each of them are the rationalising
factor (R.F) to each other.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
Ø R. F of a given irrational number is not unique.
Irrational number form Rationalizing factor
a+ b a– b
a– b a+ b
1 1 2 1 1 2
a3 + b3 a 3 − a 3 .b 3 + b 3
1 1 2 1 1 2
a3 − b3 a 3 + a 3 b3 + b 3
a+ b a− b

a− b a+ b
Ø The following identities hold for positive real numbers a and b.

a a
a) ab = a. b b) = (b ≠ 0)
b b

c) ( a+ b )( a− b =a–b ) d) ( a + b ) (a − b ) = a – b2

( )
2
e) a+ b = a + 2 ab + b f) a + b + 2 ab = a + b

g) ( a+ b )( )
c + d = ac + ad + bc + bd

Ø Laws of Exponents for Real numbers :

a) am . an = am+n b) (am)n = amn c) am . bm = (ab)m

1 am
d) = a –n e) 0
a =1 f) If a ≠ 0, n = am – n (m > n)
an a

am am 1
g) If a ≠ 0, = 1 (m = n) h) If a ≠ 0, = n −m (m < n).
an a n
a

Remember
. The sum, difference, product or quotient of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
. The sum, difference, product and quotient of two irrational numbers need not be irrational number.
. Every surd is a irrational number but every irrational number need not be a surd.
Example : π , e are irrational numbers but not surds.

. Every real number need not be a rational number. Ex : 2, 3,...

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
. If ‘n’ is a positive integer greater than 1 and ‘a’ is a positive rational number but not nth power of any
1
rational number, then n
a (or) a is called a surd of nth order.
n

. In general we say the positive nth root of ‘a’ is called a surd or a radical. In n a ’a’ is called radicand,
n is called radical sign and ‘n’ is called the degree of radical.
. Famous mathematician and philosopher pythagoras, was the first to discover the numbers which
were not rationalise (irrationals).
. N ⊂ W ⊂ Z ⊂ Q ⊂ R.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

p
1. The numbers are in the form (q ≠ 0) is called [ ]
q
a) Natural numbers b) Rational numbers c) Whole numbers d) Integers

3
2. The equivalent fraction of is [ ]
5
3 4 6 6
a) b) c) d)
15 5 15 10
3. Irrational numbers are denoted by [ ]
a) S b) Q1 c) Q d) both a and b

0
4. = [ ]
5
a) 5 b) 0 c) 1 d) can’t be defined
5. The rational number that lies between a and b is [ ]
a−b ab a+b a
a) b) c) d)
2 2 2 b
6. 4 , 9 , 16 , 25 are examples of [ ]
a) Rational b) Irrational c) Natural d) both a and c
7. The mathematician who is the first to discover the numbers which are not rationals is [ ]
a) Euclid b) Pythagoras c) George cantor d) Euler

8. circumference of a circle = [ ]
diameter
22 13
a) b) π c) d) e
13 11

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
9. The Greek genius that was the first to compute the value of π is [ ]
a) Archimedes b) Euclid c) Pythagoras d) Plato
10. The approximate value of π in fraction form is [ ]
7 22 27 72
a) b) c) d)
22 7 2 7
11. The day which is celebrated as π day is [ ]
a) Jan 14th b) Feb 14th c) March 14 th
d) April 14 th

12. The set of real numbers are denoted by [ ]

a) Q b) S c) N d) R
13. The set of real numbers, R = [ ]
a) Q ∪ S b) Q ∪ N c) S ∪ N d) Q ∪ Z
14. Among the following, a real number which is rational is [ ]
a) 2 b) 9 c) π d) 21
15. Among the following, a real number which is an irrational is [ ]
a) 5.213213...... b) 27.636363...... c) 0.79222...... d) 7.141141114......

16. Among the following, the rationalising factor of 3 is [ ]

a) 3 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7

17. In n a , ‘a’ is called [ ]

a) Radicand b) Radical c) Surd d) Radical sign

18. In n
a , n is called [ ]
a) surd b) radical c) order of the surd d) none
19. The set of rational numbers are denoted by the letter [ ]
a) N b) W c) Z d) Q
20. A number which is not rational is called [ ]
a) an irrational b) natural c) whole d) integer
21. The number of rational numbers between any two rational numbers are [ ]
a) finite b) infinite c) 1000000 d) 999999

p
22. The 5.78 in the form of is [ ]
q

578 289 578 289

a) b) c) d)
1000 100 99 50

23. The number 17 is an example of [ ]

a) rational b) irrational c) natural d) whole
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

24. The approximate value of 2 is [ ]

a) 1.732 b) 1.414 c) 2.236 d) 3.828

25. The approximate value of 3 is [ ]

a) 1.732 b) 1.414 c) 2.236 d) 2.124

26. The approximate value of 5 is [ ]

a) 1.732 b) 2.236 c) 1.414 d) 2.384
27. Every irrational number can be expressed as [ ]
a) non terminating decimals b) repeating decimals
c) non repeating decimals d) both a, c
p
28. The numbers which cannot be written in the form are called [ ]
q
a) terminating decimals b) non terminating recuirring decimals
c) non terminating decimals d) both a, b
29. The number which is defined as the ratio of circumference of a circle to its diameter is [ ]
a) e b) φ c) π d) μ
30. Using high speed computers and advanced algorithms, π has been computed to over _____ decimal
places. [ ]
a) 2850 millions b) 2.84 crore c) 1.56 billion d) 1.24 trillions
31. The scientist, who was born on March 14th, 1879 is [ ]
a) Albert Einstein b) George cantor c) Euler d) Aryabatta
32. The union of rational and irrational numbers are called [ ]
a) natural numbers b) whole numbers c) integers numbers d) real numbers
33. The set of real numbers is the subset of [ ]
a) natural numbers b) whole numbers c) complex numbers d) irrational numbers

34. In n a , n is called [ ]
a) radical b) order c) radical sign d) all
35. The process of visualization of presentation of numbers on the number line through a magnifying
glass is called [ ]
a) successive magnification b) substitution
c) addition d) none
36. The numbers which are not closed with respect to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are
a) integers b) irrational numbers [ ]
c) whole numbers d) natural numbers
q
37. If q is rational and s is irrational then q + s, q – s, qs and (s ≠ 0) are [ ]
s
a) integers b) rational numbers c) irrational numbers d) whole numbers

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
38. If the product of two irrational numbers is a rational number, then each of the two is ______ of the
other
a) R.F. b) conjugate c) product d) none [ ]
39. The R.F of a given irrational number is [ ]
a) infinite b) not unique c) finite d) both a, b
40. If ‘n’ is a positive integer greater than ‘1’ and a is a positive rational number, then n a is called
a) order b) radical c) surd d) both b, c [ ]
41. If the square root of a whole number is a whole number, then the given number is [ ]
a) Rational b) irrational c) imaginary d) cannot be defined
42. Among the following the irrational number is [ ]
a) 4 b) 5 c) 9 d) 1.5

43. If ‘n’ is a natural number other than a perfect square, then n is a/an [ ]
a) Rational b) Natural c) Irrational d) Whole
44. The great Indian mathematician who found the value of π correctly to four decimal places 3.1416 is
a) Bhaskaracharya b) Shakuntala Devi c) Aryabhatta d) Pingala [ ]
45. π + 3, is an example of [ ]
a) an irrational b) a rational c) an integer d) a natural

p
q ≠
46. In the representation of (q 0) p and q are [ ]
a) 0 b) irrational c) integers d) None

47. The number 54.764 is an example of [ ]

a) pure recurring decimal b) mixed recurring decimal
c) non recurring decimal d) none
48. If the denominator of a fraction is 2 or 5 or 10, then the fraction is [ ]
a) terminating decimal b) non terminating decimal
c) repeating decimal d) none
49. If the denominator of a fraction is the powers of 2 or 5 or 10, then the fraction is a decimal. [ ]
a) repeating b) non terminating c) terminating d) all
50. If the denominator of a fraction is other than 2 or 5 or 10, then the fraction is [ ]
a) a repeating decimal b) a terminating decimal
c) a non terminating decimal d) both a, c
17
51. The decimal value of is [ ]
3
a) 2.08 b) 1.54 c) 1.84 d) 5.66
52. If a and b are two positive rational numbers such that ab is not a perfect square of a rational number,
then an irrational number lying between a and b is [ ]
a
a) ab b) c) ab d) a + b
b
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
53. 1.573 is a example for [ ]
a) rational number b) imaginary number c) irrational number d) none of these

7
54. The number of equivalent rational numbers of is [ ]
4
a) infinite b) finite c) does not exist d) ten

p
55. If is represented on number line, then we assume [ ]
q
a) q = 0 b) q < 0 c) q ≠ 0 d) q > 0
56. There are infinitely many rational numbers between any two rational numbers, this property is [ ]
a) symmetric property b) density property c) reflexive property d) transitive property
57. The two rational numbers that lie between 5 and 4 are [ ]
9 19 9 4 2 4 9 29
a) , b) , c) , d) ,
2 4 2 19 9 19 2 4

58. In 3. 4 6785 the periodicity is [ ]

a) 6 b) 7 c) 8 d) 4

p
59. The form of 3.45 is [ ]
q
311 311 311 311
a) b) c) d)
9 90 990 99
60. An irrational number which lies between 5 and 6 is [ ]
5
a) 30 b) 5 6 c) 6 5 d)
6

61. ( 3 +3 +) ( )
3 − 3 is an example of [ ]
a) a rational b) an irrational c) an integer d) a natural

14
62. The value of is [ ]
2 7
a) a natural b) an integer c) a rational d) an irrational

63. The value of ( 11 − 2 )( )

11 + 2 is [ ]
a) 11 b) 2 c) 9 d) 13

64. Among the following, the simplest R.F of 2 5 is [ ]

a) 4 5 b) 3 5 c) 2 5 d) 5

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes

65. 4
81 is [ ]
a) 81 b) 9 c) 3 d) 4
66. The rationalising factor of 3
2 is [ ]
a) 3
2 b) 3
4 c) 3
3 d) 3
5

3+ 2
67. If = a + b 6 , then (a, b) = [ ]
3− 2
a) (5, 2) b) (2, 5) c) (3, 2) d) (1, 5)

39
68. is a rational number which lies between [ ]
2
a) 18 and 19 b) 19 and 20 c) 20 and 21 d) 16 and 18

69. In 5.43845 , the period is [ ]

a) 845 b) 43 c) 43845 d) 3
70. If the square root of a whole number is not a whole number, then the given number is [ ]
a) rational b) natural c) irrational d) whole
71. 4
81 – 3 3 27 + 5. 5 32 = [ ]
a) 3 b) 5 c) 0 d) 4
72. 6 2 is an irrational number between [ ]
a) 8 and 9 b) 9 and 10 c) 3 and 4 d) 6 and 7

73. (7 − 3 ) (7 + 3 ) is not a [ ]
a) rational number b) irrational number c) integer d) whole number

74. (9 − 5 ) – (9 + 5 ) is an example of [ ]
a) rational number b) an irrational number c) natural number d) integer

75. The product of 5 2 and 7 2 is [ ]

a) 35 2 b) 28 5 c) 70 d) 75

76. ( a+ b )( a− b = ) [ ]
a
a) a – b b) b – a c) ab d)
b

77. ( a+ b )( c+ d = ) [ ]

a) ab + bc b) ac + ad + bc + bd
c) ac + ad d) all

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

( )
2
78. x− y = [ ]

a) x + y – 2 xy b) x + y − 2 xy c) x + y + 2 xy d) x + y + 2 xy

79. The rationalising factor of a + b is [ ]

(
a) − a + b ) b) ab c) a − b d) none

18
80. The standard form of is [ ]
81
6 2 3 36
a) b) c) d)
27 9 27 162

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem Solving

1. Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2.

2 3
2. Insert three rational numbers between and
3 5

5 7
3. Find an irrational number between and . How many more there may be?
7 9
4. Find two irrational numbers between 0.7 and 0.77
5. Find atleast two irrational numbers between 2 and 3.

6. Find the value of 5 upto 3 decimal places.

7. Find the value of 7 up to six decimal places by long division method.

8. Simplify the following expressions.

( )(
i) 5 + 7 2 + 5 ) (
ii) 5 + 5 5 − 5 )( ) iii) ( 3+ 7 )
2
iv) ( 11 − 7 )( 11 + 7 )
9. Rationalise the denominators of the following:
1 1 1 6
i) ii) iii) iv)
3+ 2 7− 6 7 3− 2
10. Simplify each of the following by rationalising the denominator:
6−4 2 7− 5 1 3 5− 7
i) ii) iii) iv)
6+ 4 2 7+ 5 3 2 −2 3 3 3+ 2

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
10 − 15
11. Find the value of upto three decimal places. (take 2 = 1.414 , 3 = 1.732 and 5 = 2.236 )
2 2
12. Find the values of the following :
1 1 1 3
i) 64 6 ii) 32 5 iii) 625 4 iv) 16 2
2 −1
v) 243 5 vi) (46656) 6

13. Simplify: 4 81 − 8 3 343 + 15 5 32 + 225

14. If ‘a’ and ‘b’ are rational numbers, find the value of a and b in each of the following equations.
3+ 2 5+ 3
i) = a+b 6 ii) = a − b 15
3− 2 2 5 −3 3
II. Reasoning & Proof
15. Give one example each to the following statements.
i) A number which is rational but not an integer
ii) A whole number which is not a natural number
iii) An integer which is not a whole number
iv) A number which is natural number, whole number, integer and rational number.
v) A number which is an integer but not a natural number.
16. Without actually dividing find which of the following are terminating decimals.
3 11 13 41
i) ii) iii) iv)
25 18 20 42
17. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers.
i) Every irrational number is a real number.
ii) Every rational number is a real number.
iii) Every real number need not be a rational number
iv) n is not irrational if n is a perfect square.
v) n is irrational if n is not a perfect square.
vi) All real numbers are irrational.
18. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.

( 2 − 2) 2 7
2
i) 5 − 3 ii) 3 + 2 iii) iv)
7 7
vii) (2 + 2 )(2 − 2 )
1
v) 2π vi)
3
19. In the following equations, find whether variables x, y, z etc. represent rational or irrational numbers
17
i) x2 = 7 ii) y 2 = 16 iii) z2 = 0.02 iv) u 2 =
4
v) w2 = 27 vi) t4 = 256
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
III. Communication
20. a) Write any three rational numbers b) Explain rational number is in your own words.
c
21. The ratio of circumference to the diameter of a circle is represented by π . But we say that π is an
d
irrational number. Why?

IV. Connections
22. Explain with an example how irrational numbers differ from rational numbers?

V. Representation

8 −8
23. Represent and on a number line
5 5
24. Express the following rational numbers as decimals numbers
242 354 2 115
25. i) ii) iii) iv)
1000 500 5 4
2 25 22 11
v) vi) − vii) viii)
3 36 7 9
p
26. Express each of the following decimals in form where q ≠ 0 and p, q are integers
q
i) 0.36 ii) 15.4 iii) 10.25 iv) 3.25
p
27. Express each of the following decimal number in the form
q

i) 0.5 ii) 3.8 iii) 0.36 iv) 3.127

28. Classify the following numbers as rational or irrational.

i) 27 ii) 441 iii) 30.232342345…

iv) 7.484848… v) 11.2132435465 vi) 0.3030030003.....

29. Locate 10 on number line.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Representation of Irrational Numbers on Number Line.
2. What do you know about π ?
3. Write a short notes about the Mathematician Pythagoras.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
2 POLYNOMIALS AND FACTORISATION
MIND MAPPING

Polynomials and Factorisation

Polynomial and Zeroes of Division of Factorisation Algebraic

its degree a polynomial polynomials of polynomials identities

Exercise - 2.1 Exercise - 2.2 Exercise - 2.3 Exercise - 2.4 Exercise - 2.5

SELF ACCESS
1. 4(1)3 – 5(1)2 – (1)2 + 6 = 2. (– 1)2 + 5(– 1) + 4 =
3 2
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
( 5) − ( 2 )
2 2 3
3. = 4. 2⎜ ⎟ − 9⎜ ⎟ + =
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 2

5. – 8 + 2(4) – 6 + 6 = 6. x(3x + 2) + 3(3x + 2) =

7. 2(2)4 – 6(2)3 + 3(2)2 + 3(2) – 2 = 8. x2(x – 1) – 22(x – 1) + 120(x – 1) =
9. 3(2)2 – 13 – 2(2)3 + 5(2) = 10. (– 2)3 + 2(– 2)2 + 3(– 2) + 6 =
11. 2(– 2)3 + 3(– 2)2 + 2(– 2) + 2 = 12. 2a(2a + 3) - 1(2a + 3) =
13. 5m(2m – 11) + 12(2m – 11) = 14. (0.2)3 + (– 0.3)3 + (0.1)3 =
15. x(x – y) – y(x – y) = 16. x(x + 5) + 5(x + 5) =
17. p(p + 3) – 3(p + 3) = 18. t(t + 4) + 2(t + 4) =
19. (2a)3 + (3b)3 + 3(2a)(3b)(2a + 3b) = 20. (30) 2 – (0.5)2 =
21. 10003 + 3(1000)2(1) + 3(1000)(1) + 1 = 22. (2a)3 + b3 + 3(2a)2(b) + 3(2a)(b)2 + b3 =
2 3 3 2
⎛2 ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞ ⎛2 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
23. x – 3(x ) ⎜ y⎟ + ( 3 x ) ⎜ y⎟ − ⎜ y ⎟ =
3 2
24. ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ − 6 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ + 14 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ − 3 =
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠ ⎝3 ⎠

3 2
⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
25. 3 ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ − 20 ⎜ ⎟ + 12 =
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
SYNOPSIS :
Ø Polynomial : An algebraic expression in which power of variables are non-negative integral powers
(i.e whole numbers) is called a polynomial.
Example : i) 8x2 – 6x + 6, ii) x3 + 10x + 9 iii) 2.x– 3 + 7 is not a polynomial, here for the terms 2.x–3,
power is not a non-negative integer.
Ø Standard form of a Polynomial : A polynomial in one variable x of degree n (n ≥ 0) is an expres-
sion of the form an xn + an – 1 x n – 1 + ........ + a1x + a0, where a0, a1, a2 ......., an are constants and an ≠ 0.
Ø The expressions like x2, x2 + 2x + 1, x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 5 are polynomials in one variable.
Ø The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of its variable factors.
Ø Degree of a polynomial : The degree of a polynomial is the highest degree of the term in the
polynomial
Example: The degree of 3x2y2 + 5xy + 6 is 4.
Ø Zero polynomial : If all the coefficients of a polynomial is equals to zero, then it is called zero
polynomial.
Ø The degree of zero polynomial is not defined.
Types of polynomials according to degree:
Degree of a polynomial Name of the polynomial Example
Not defined Zero polynomial 0
0 Constant polynomial – 12, 5 etc.
1 Linear polynomial ax + b
2 Quadratic polynomial 2x2 – 4x + 5
3 Cubic polynomial 3x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 7
4 Bi Quadratic polynomial x4 + 5x3 + 3
usually, a polynomial of degree ‘n’ is called nth degree polynomial.
Ø Types of polynomials according to number of terms:
Number of Name of the Example Terms
non-zero terms polynomial
1 Monomial – 3x – 3x
2 Binomial 3x + 5 3x, 5
3 Trinomial 2x2 + 5x + 1 2x2, 5x, 1
one (or) more Polynomial 3x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 5 3x3, 2x2, – 7x, 5
Multinomial : An algebraic expression containing one or more terms is called a multinomial.
1 1
3
Ø Example : 2x2 – + 5, x 2 + 3 are multinomials but not polynomials because in the terms x 2 , 3x–1 .
x
The power of x is not a non-negative integer.

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Ø x + y, x2 + 2xy + y2 are the polynomials in two variable and x2 + y2 + z2, x + y + z are polynomials in
three variables.
Ø Zero of a polynomial : If p (x) is a polynomial, then the zero of a polynomial p (x) is the value of ‘x’
for which p(x) = 0.
Linear polynomial Zero of the polynomial p(x)
x+a –a
x–a a
−b
ax + b
a
b
ax – b
a
Ø If f(x) is a polynomial in x, then f(x) = 0 is called a polynomial equation in x
Ø Division Algorithm theorem : Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder.
Ø To divide a polynomial by a monomial we divide each term of the polynomial by the monomial
Ø To divide a polynomial by a binomial (or) a polynomial we can follow the process of dividing a
number with another number. The division process is said to be complete, if we get the remainder
zero or the degree of the remainder is less than the degree of the divisor.
Ø Remainder theorem: Let p(x) be any polynomial of degree greater than or equal to one and let ‘a’ be
any real number. If p(x) is divided by the linear polynomial (x – a), then the remainder is p(a).
Dividend Divisor Remainder
p(x) x–a p(a)
p(x) x+a p(– a)
⎛ b⎞
p(x) ax – b p ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
a

⎛ −b ⎞
p(x) ax + b p ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
a
Ø Factor theorem: If p(x) is a polynomial of degree n ≥ 1 and ‘a’ is any real number, then (x – a) is a
factor of p(x), if p(a) = 0 and its converse “ if ( x – a) is a factor of a polynomial p (x) then p(a) = 0”
Condition Factor of (x)
p(a) = 0 x–a
p(– a) = 0 x+a
⎛ a⎞
p ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ = 0 bx – a
b
⎛ a⎞
p ⎜⎝ − ⎟⎠ = 0 bx + a
b

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Ø To factorise the polynomials of the type ax2 + bx + c (a ≠ 0 and a, b, c are constants), we have to
write b as the sum of two numbers whose product is equal to ac.
Ø Algebraic identities: An algebraic identity is an algebraic equation, that is true for all values of the
variables occurring in it.
Examples: 1) (x + y)2 ≡ x2 + 2xy + y2 2) (x – y)2 ≡ x2 – 2xy + y2
3) (x + y) (x – y) ≡ x2 – y2 4) (x + a) (x + b) ≡ x2 + (a + b) x + ab
5) (x + y + z)2 ≡ x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
6) (x + y)3 ≡ x3 + 3x2 y + 3xy2 + y3 ≡ x3 + y3 + 3xy (x + y)
7) (x – y)3 ≡ x3 – 3x2 y + 3xy2 – y3 ≡ x3 – y3 – 3xy (x – y)
8) (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) ≡ x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
9) x3 + y3 ≡ (x+ y) (x2 – xy + y2) ≡ (x + y)3 – 3xy (x + y)
10) x3 – y3 ≡ (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2) ≡ (x – y)3 + 3xy (x – y)

Remember
. The degree of a constant is zero and degree of zero does not exist.
. Every polynomial is a multinomial but every multinomial need not be a polynomial.
. A linear polynomial with one variable may be a monomial or a binomial.
. A polynomial can have any finite number of terms.
. A constant polynomial has no zeroes but zero polynomial is a constant polynomial having many
zeroes
. A linear polynomial in one variable has only one zero.
. A quadratic polynomial has two zeroes
. The maximum number of possible zeroes of nth degree polynomial is n.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. Among the following, a polynomial is [ ]
1 3
a) 2x2 – 3x– 1 + 5 b) c) 2x + –5 d) 4x2 + 5x – 2
x +1 x
2. Among the following, not a polynomial is [ ]
a) 3xyz b) 3 x + 5 c) y2 + 8 d) x3 + 3
3. A polynomial with variable ‘x’ is [ ]
a) x + y b) x2 + 5x + 6 c) x2 + y2 + z2 d) x + 2y
4. Among the following, a quadratic polynomial is [ ]
1
a) 2x + y b) x3 + 2 c) d) 2x2 – 4x + 5
x2

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5. Among the following, a multinomial is [ ]
7 1
a) 2x2 + 5x + 1 b) 3x3 + 2x2 – +5 c) + 2y + 7xy + 3 d) all
x x2
6. Every polynomial is [ ]
a) a monomial b) a binomial c) a trinomial d) a multinomial
7. Among the following, a cubic polynomial in one variable is [ ]
a) 2x3 + y2 + z + 9 b) x2 y + 3 c) x3 + x2 + x – 1 d) (x + y + z) 3

8. The maximum number of terms should be possible in a cubic polynomial with one variable is
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 [ ]
9. The constant in πr 2 is [ ]
a) r b) π c) 2 d) all
10. Among the following, a monomial of degree 10 is [ ]
x2
a) 10x2 b) c) x10 d) (x + 10)2
10

11. x + 5 is not [ ]
a) a binomial b) a monomial c) a polynomial d) All of these
12. If a polynomial containing only one term, then it is called [ ]
a) a monomial b) a binomial c) a trinomial d) None
13. Among the following, a polynomial with two variables is [ ]
a) x2 + 2x + 1 b) x + y + z c) 2x2 + 3xy + 5y2 d) 3xyz
14. The degree of a cubic polynomial is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
15. The degree of a linear polynomial is [ ]
a) 3 b) 0 c) 1 d) 2
16. The degree of 2013 is [ ]
a) 20 b) 6 c) 13 d) 0
17. The degree of 3x2y2 + 4xy+ 7 is [ ]
a) 12 b) 18 c) 4 d) 7
18. The degree of zero polynomial is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) – 1 d) not defined
2
19. The degree of the Multinomial x2 + + 7x + 4 is [ ]
x3
a) – 3 b) 2 c) 3 d) does not exists
20. The degree of the polynomial (x2 + y2) (x3 + y2 + 2xy ) is [ ]
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 8
21. The degree of a biquadratic polynomial is [ ]
a) 4 b) 5 c) 1 d) 2

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
22. The degree of 12x3 yn z7 is 12, then the value of n is [ ]
a) 2 b) 10 c) – 2 d) 4
23. The number of zeros of the polynomial x2 + 1 is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
24. The number of zeroes of x2 – 5x + 6 is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
25. The number of non-zero terms in a trinomial is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
26. The minimum number of terms is required in a cubic polynomial with one variable is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
27. The maximum number of different possible zeroes of nth degree polynomial is [ ]
a) n – 1 b) n – 2 c) n d) n – 3
28. The number of terms in a binomial is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
29. The number of zeroes of a linear polynomial in one variable is [ ]
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1
30. If xn – yn is exactly divided by (x – y), then n is [ ]
a) odd b) even c) any natural number d) all
31. If xn + yn is exactly divided by x + y, then n is [ ]
a) even b) odd c) natural number d) none
32. If α, β are the zeroes of a polynomial p(x), then p(x) = [ ]
a) x − α b) x − β c) ( x − α )( x − β ) d) none
33. The zero of the polynomial x2 + 1 is [ ]
a) – 1 b) 1 c) 0 d) non real
34. The zero of the polynomial ax – b is [ ]
a b −b
a) 0 b) c) d)
b a a
3 2
35. If x – 3x + 4x + k is exactly divisible by (x – 2), then the value of ‘k’ is [ ]
a) 4 b) 2 c) – 3 d) – 4
36. If z = 2, then the value of 5z3 – 4z + 2 = [ ]
a) 32 2 b) 48 + 2 c) 32 + 2 d) 44 + 2
37. If 3 is a zero of the polynomial x2 + 2x – a, then the value of a = [ ]
1 1
a) b) 15 c) – 15 d) −
15 15
38. If 2x3 – 2 x2 – 2x – 5 is divided by (x – 1), then the remainder is [ ]
a) 0 b) 6 c) – 6 d) – 7

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39. If p(x) = x2 + kx + 9 and p (– 2) = 4, then k = [ ]
3 9
a) b) c) 4 d) – 2
2 2
40. (4p2 + 2p + 2) ÷ 2p = [ ]
1
a) 4p2 + 2 b) 2p + 1 + 2p c) 2p + 1 + d) 4p2 + 3
p
41. (3y3 + 2y2 + y) ÷ y = [ ]
a) 3y2 + 2y + 1 b) y c) 3y + 2 2
d) 2y + 1

42. One of the factors of (xn – 1), where n ∈ Z + is [ ]

a) x + 1 b) x – 1 c) n d) n – 1
43. If (x – a) is a factor of a polynomial p (x), then p (a) = [ ]
a) a b) 0 c) 1 d) none
44. If (x + 1) is factor of ax2 + bx + c, then the condition is [ ]
a) a + b + c = 0 b) a + b = c c) a + c = b d) a + b + c = 1
45. One of the factors of x3 + 1 is [ ]
a) x – 1 b) x + 2 c) x + 1 d) x – 2
46. If (x – 1) is a factor of x4 – 5x3 + ax2 + 5x – k, then a – k = [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) – 1 d) 2
47. One of the factors of 4x3 + 4x2 – x – 1 is [ ]
a) x – 1 b) x + 3 c) 2x + 3 d) 2x + 1
48. x – 1 is a factor of the following polynomial is [ ]
a) x10 – 1 b) x11 – 1 c) 4x3 + 3x2 + 5x – 12 d) all
49. One of the factors of x2 + 3x + 2 is [ ]
a) x + 1 b) x – 1 c) x + 3 d) x – 2
50. If (x + 1) is factor of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then the condition is [ ]
a) a + b = c + d b) a + c = b + d c) a + b + c + d = 0 d) a + b + c + d = 1
51. (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2) = [ ]
a) x3 – y3 b) x3 + y3 3
c) x + y + 3xy 3
d) x – y – 3x y + 3xy2
3 3 2

52. (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) = [ ]

a) x3 – y3 b) x2 + y2 c) x3 + y3 d) x2 – y2
53. (x + 5) (x + 5) = [ ]
a) x2 + 25 b) x + 5 2 2
c) x + 5x + 25 2
d) x + 10x + 25
54. 4a2 + 9b2 + 25 + 12ab + 30b + 20a = [ ]
a) (2a – 3b – 5)2 b) (3a + 2b + 5)2 c) (2a + 3b + 5) 2
d) (2a – 3b + 5) 2

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

9 2 y2
55. x – = [ ]
16 9

⎛ 3 y⎞ ⎛ 3 y⎞ ⎛3 y⎞ ⎛ 3 y⎞
a) ⎜⎝ x + ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ x − ⎟⎠ b) ⎜⎝ x + ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ x − ⎟⎠
16 3 16 3 4 3 4 3
2
⎛9 y⎞ ⎛ 9 y⎞ ⎛3 y⎞
c) ⎜⎝ x + ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ x − ⎟⎠ d) ⎜ x − ⎟
4 9 4 9 ⎝4 3⎠
56. a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3 = [ ]
a) (a + b) (a –b)2 b) (a – b) (a + b)2 c) (a+b) 3
d) (a – b)(a – b) (a – b)
57. If a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = [ ]
a) abc b) – 3abc c) 3abc d) 6abc
58. (x + 1)3 = [ ]
a) x3 + 1 + 3 3
b) x + 3x + 3 2 3 2
c) x + 3x + 3x + 3 3 2
d) x + 3x + 3x + 1
59. (a – b – c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab + bc – ca) = [ ]
a) (a – b – c)3 b) (a + b + c)3 c) a3 – b3 – c3 + 3abc d) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
60. (t + 2) (t + 4) = [ ]
a) t2 + 8 2
b) t + 6t + 8 2
c) t + 6 d) t + 8
61. 9x2 – 25 = [ ]
a) 3x – 5 b) 3x + 5 c) (3x + 5)(3x – 5) d) 9x + 5
62. 25a2 + 40ab + 16b2 = [ ]
a) (5a + 4b)2 b) (5a – 4b)2 c) (4a – 5b)2 d) (4a – 5b)
63. 8a3 + 36a2b + 54ab2 + 27b3 = [ ]
a) (2a + 3b)3 b) (2a + 3b)2 c) (2a – 3b) 3
d) (3a – 2b) 3

64. (103)3 = [ ]
a) 1003003 b) 1039201 c) 1092727 d) 1000300
65. Among the following, a trinomial is [ ]
2
a) xyz b) 2x2 + 5x + 1 c) 2x + y d) y2 + +9
y

II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING

Group - A Group - B
1) (x – y)2 = [ ] A) x2 + (a – b) x – ab
2) (x + a) (x – b) [ ] B) a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
3) (a + b )3 = [ ] C) (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
4) (a – b)3 = [ ] D) x2 + y2 – 2xy
5) a3 + b3 = [ ] E) a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)

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CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

1. Problem Solving
1. Find the value of the polynomial 4x2 – 5x + 3, when
1
i) x = 0 ii) x = –1 iii) x = 2 iv) x =
2
2. Find p(0), p(1) and p(2) for each of the following polynomials.
i) p(x) = x2– x +1 ii) p(y) = 2 + y + 2y2 – y3
iii) p(z) = z3 iv) p(t) = (t – 1) (t + 1) v) p(x) = x2 – 3x + 2
3. Find the zero of the polynomial in each of the following cases.
i) f(x) = x + 2 ii) f(x) = x – 2 iii) f(x) = 2x + 3 iv) f(x) = 2x – 3
2
v) f(x) = x vi) f(x) = px, p ≠ 0 vii) f(x) = px + q, p ≠ 0, p q are real numbers.
4. Find the remainder when x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1 is divided by the following Linear polynomials :
1
i) x + 1 ii) x – iii) x iv) x + π v) 5 + 2x
2
5. Find the remainder when x3 – px2 + 6x – p is divided by x – p.
2
6. Find the remainder when 9x3 – 3x2 + x – 5 is divided by x −
3
7. Find the remainder when f (x) = x4 – 3x2 + 4 is divided by g(x) = x – 2 and verify the result by actual
division.
8. Find the remainder when p(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 14x – 3 is divided by g(x) = 1 – 2x and verify the result
by long division.
9. Use the Factor Theorem to determine whether g(x) is factor of f(x) in each of the following cases :
i) f(x) = 5x3 + x2 – 5x – 1, g(x) = x + 1 ii) f(x) = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1, g(x) = x + 1
iii) f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6, g(x) = x – 2 iv) f(x) = 3x3 + x2 – 20x + 12, g(x) = 3x – 2
v) f(x) = 4x3 + 20x2 + 33x + 18, g(x) = 2x + 3
10. If (y – 3) is a factor of y3 – 2y2 – 9y + 18 then find the other two factors.
11. Factorise i) 25x2 + 16y2 + 4z2 – 40xy + 16yz – 20xz
ii) 9a2 + 4b2 + 16c2 + 12ab – 16bc – 24ca
12. Factorise i) 27a3 + 64b3 ii) 343y3 – 1000 using the above results.
II. Reasoning & Proof
13. Which of the following expressions are polynomials in one variable and which are not ? Give
reasons for your answer.
2
i) 3x2 – 2x + 5 ii) x2 + 2 iii) p2 – 3p + q iv) y +
y
v) 5 x + x 5 vi) x100 + y100

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
14. Classify the following as linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
i) 5x2 + x – 7 ii) x – x3 iii) x2 + x + 4 iv) x – 1
v) 3p vi) πr 2
15. Write whether the following statements are True or False. Justify your answer
i) A binomial can have at the most two terms ii) Every polynomial is a binomial
iii) A binomial may have degree 3 iv) Degree of zero polynomial is zero
v) The degree of x2 + 2xy + y2 is 2 vi) πr 2 is monomial.
16. Verify whether the values of x given in each case are the zeroes of the polynomial or not?.
1 −3
i) p(x) = 2x + 1; x = − ii) p(x) = 5x – π ; x =
2 2
2
iii) p(x) = x – 1; x = +1 iv) p(x) = (x – 1)(x + 2); x = – 1, –2
b
v) p(y) = y2; y = 0 vi) p(x) = ax + b ; x = −
a
1 2 1 −1
vii) f(x) = 3x2 – 1; x = − , viii) f (x) = 2x – 1, x = ,
3 3 2 2

17. Find the remainder when 2x2 – 3x + 5 is divided by 2x – 3. Does it exactly divide the polynomial ?
State reason.
18. Verify (i) x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)
(ii) x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)
using some non-zero positive integers and check by actual multiplication. Can you call these as
identites?

1
19. Verify that x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = ( x + y + z )[( x − y )2 + ( y − z )2 + ( z − x )2 ]
2
20. Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of the rectangle whose area is given by
i) 4a2 + 4a – 3 ii) 25a2 – 35a + 12
21. What are the possible polynomial expressions for the dimensions of the cuboids whose volumes are
given below?
i) 3x2 – 12x ii) 12y2 + 8y – 20.

III. Communications
22. Find the degree of each of the polynomials given below
i) x5 – x4 + 3 ii) x2 + x – 5 iii) 5 iv) 3x6 + 6y3 – 7

v) 4 – y2 vi) 5t – 3
23. Give one example each of a monomial and trinomial of degree 10.

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IV. Connections
24. Write the coefficient of x3 in each of the following
i) x3 + x + 1 ii) 2 – x3 + x2 iii) 2 x3 + 5 iv) 2x3 + 5
π 3 2 3
v) x +x vi) − x vii) 2x2 + 5 viii) 4
2 3
25. If 2 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 7a, find the value of a.
26. If 0 and 1 are the zeroes of the polynomial f (x) = 2x3 – 3x2 + ax + b, find the values of a and b.
27. If the polynomials 2x3 + ax2 + 3x – 5 and x3 + x2 – 4x + a leave the same remainder when divided by
x – 2, find the value of a.
28. If the polynomials x3 + ax2 + 5 and x3 – 2x2 + a are divided by (x + 2) leave the same remainder, find
the value of a.
29. When a polynomial 2x3 + 3x2 + ax + b is divided by (x – 2) leaves remainder 2, and (x + 2) leaves
remainder –2. Find a and b.
30. Determine which of the following polynomials has (x + 1) as a factor.
i) x3 – x2 – x + 1 ii) x4 – x3 + x2 – x + 1
iii) x4 + 2x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 iv) x3 – x2 – (3 – 3)x+ 3
31. If (x2 – 1) is a factor of ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e, show that a + c + e = b + d = 0
32. If x2 – x – 6 and x2 + 3x – 18 have a common factor (x – a) then find the value of a.
33. Use suitable identities to find the following products
⎛ 2 1 ⎞⎛ 2 1 ⎞
i) (x + 5) (x + 2) ii) (x – 5) (x – 5) iii) (3x + 2)(3x – 2) iv) ⎜⎝ x + 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ x − 2 ⎟⎠
x x
v) (1 + x) (1 + x)
34. Evaluate the following products without actual multiplication.
1 1
i) 101 × 99 ii) 999 × 999 iii) 50 × 49 iv) 501 × 501
2 2
v) 30.5 × 29.5
35. Factorise the following using appropriate identities.
y2
i) 16x2 + 24xy + 9y2 ii) 4y2 – 4y + 1 iii) 4 x 2 − iv) 18a2 – 50
25
v) x2 + 5x + 6 vi) 3p2 – 24p + 36
36. Expand each of the following, using suitable identities
2
⎛a b ⎞
i) (x + 2y + 4z) 2
ii) (2a – 3b) 3
iii) (–2a + 5b – 3c) 2
iv) ⎜ − + 1⎟
⎝4 2 ⎠
3
⎛ 2 ⎞
v) (p + 1)3
vi) ⎜ x − y⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
37. Evaluate the following using suitable identites.
i) (99)3 ii) (102)3 iii) (998)3 iv) (1001)3
38. Factorise each of the following
i) 8a3 + b3 + 12a2b + 6ab2 ii) 8a3 – b3 – 12a2b + 6ab2

12 2 6 1
iv) 8 p − p + p−
3
iii) 1 – 64a3 – 12a + 48a2
5 25 125
39. Factorise 27x3 + y3 + z3 – 9xyz using identity.
40. Without actual calculating the cubes, find the value of each of the following
i) (–10)3 + (7)3 + (3)3 ii) (28)3 + (–15)3 + (–13)3
3 3 3
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 5⎞
iii) ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟ iv) (0.2)3 – (0.3)3 + (0.1)3
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠

V. Representation

41. Show that (x – 2), (x + 3) and (x – 4) are factors of x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24.
42. Show that (x + 4), (x – 3) and (x – 7) are factors of x3 – 6x2 – 19x + 84.

⎛ 1⎞
43. If both (x – 2) and ⎜ x − ⎟ are factors of px2 + 5x + r, show that p = r.
⎝ 2⎠
44. If ax2 + bx + c and bx2 + ax + c have a common factor x + 1 then show that c = 0 and a = b.
45. If a + b + c = 9 and ab + bc + ca = 26, find a2 + b2 + c2.
46. If x + y + z = 0, show that x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz.
47. Show that if 2(a2+ b2) = (a + b)2, then a = b.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Prove that (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca by an activity.
2. Prove that (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab by an activity.
3. To verify the algebraic identity a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) (or) a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3a2b – 3ab2
and to apply this identify in different conditions.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
3 THE ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY
MIND MAPPING

The Elements of Geometry

Introduction and History

Euclid's Elementary Geometry

Axioms and Postulates Non Euclidian Geometry

Exercise-3.1

SELF ACCESS
Some of Euclid’s axioms are
1. Things which are equal to the same things are equal to one another.
2. If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
3. If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are equal.
4. Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.
5. The whole is greater than the part.
6. Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another.
7. Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.
SYNOPSIS :
Ø The great construction like the Pyramids in Egypt, the Great wall of China, Temples Mosques,
Cathedral, Tajmahal, Charminar and altars in India, Eifel tower of France etc. are some of the best
examples of application of geometry.
Ø A plane surface is a surface which lies evenly with the straight lines on itself.
Ø A point, a line and a plane (in Euclid’s words a plane surface) as undefined terms. We can are
present them intuitively, or explain them with the help of ‘physical models’.
Ø Axioms are statements which are self evident fact assumed to be true in a particular mathematical
system.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Ø Some of the Euclid’s axioms are
M Things which are equal to the same things are equal to one another.
M If equals are added to equal, the wholes are equal
M If equals are subtracted from equals, the remainders are also equal.
M Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another.
M Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another.
M Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.
Ø Euclids five postulates:
M Postulate - 1 : There is a unique line that passes through the given two distinct points.
M Postulate - 2 : A line segment can be extended on either side to form a straight line.
M Postulate - 3 : We can describe a circle with any centre and radius.
M Postulate - 4 : All right angles are equal to one another.
M Postulate - 5 : If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles on the same
side of it taken together is less than two a right angles, then the two straight lines, if produced
infinitely, meet on that side on which the sum of the angles is less than two right angles.
Equivalent version of fifth postulate : Through a point not on a given line, l
exactly one parallel line may be drawn to the given line. m
The sum of angles of any triangle is a constant and is equal to two right angles.
n
p
k

2
1 3

p
There exists a pair of lines every where equidistant from one another.
q
Remember
. The word geometry is derived from the Greek ‘geo’means earth and ‘metrein’ means measure. An-
cient Greek mathematicians conceived geometry as the crown jewel of their sciences.
. A solid has shape, size, position and can be moved from one place to another. Its bounders are called
surfaces.
The boundaries of the surfaces are curves or straight lines. These lines end in points.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Solids Surfaces/curves Lines Points
3-D 2-D 1-D No dimension
. A point is that which has no part.
. A line is breadthless length.
. A surface is that which has length and breadth only.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
. The edges of surface are lines
. Straight lines parallel to the same straight line are parallel to one another.
Some times a certain statement that you think is to be true but that is an educated guess, based on
observations. Such statements which are neither proved nor disproved are called conjectures
(hypothesis).
. “Every even number greater than 4 can be written as sum of two primes” is a conjecture (hypothesis).
. A conjecture (hypothesis) that is proved to be true is called a theorem.
If A, B, C are three points on a line and B lies between A and C, then (Prove that) AC – AB = BC.
The three building blocks of geometry are Points, Lines and Planes, which are undefined terms.
. Euclid developed a system of the ought in his “ The Elements” that serves as the foundation for
development of all subsequent mathematics.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. The word geometry is derived from the greek word [ ]
a) geo b) metrein c) earth d) both a, b
2. The meaning of ‘geo’ is [ ]
a) moon b) earth c) geometry d) all
3. The meaning of ‘metrein’ is [ ]
a) meter b) metric c) measure d) none
4. The script which employs a handful of geometric problems including problems about volumes of
irregular solids is [ ]
a) Bakshali man script b) Tamil c) Telugu d) English
5. The rules and geometric principles involved in the construction of ritual fire altars are contained in
vedic sanskrit lists from [ ]
a) Vedas b) Brahma c) Sulabha sutras d) Upanishath
6. The author of the book “The Elements” was [ ]
a) Euler b) Aryabatta c) Euclid d) Pythagorean
7. The object which has shape, size, position is [ ]
a) a solid b) a surface c) a plane d) all
8. The term which has no part is [ ]
a) a point b) a line c) a surface d) a curve
9. A point has no [ ]
a) dimensions b) length c) breadth d) all
10. A point, a line and a plane are [ ]
a) undefined terms b) defined terms c) important terms d) useful terms
11. The sulba sutra which contains examples of simple pythagorean triples is [ ]
a) Vedics b) Boudhayana sulba sutra
c) Mantras d) None
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
12. Ancient greek mathenaticians concaived, the topic which is the crown jewel of their sciences is
a) Algebra b) geometry c) statistics d) Trigonometry[ ]
13. The boundaries of the surfaces are [ ]
a) curves b) surfaces c) points d) both a, b
14. The term which has breadthless length is [ ]
a) a rectangle b) a square c) a point d) a line
15. The ends of a line segment are [ ]
a) angles b) points c) curves d) surface
16. The term which has only length and breadth is [ ]
a) line b) surface c) solid d) point
17. The edges of surfaces are [ ]
a) planes b) points c) curves d) lines
18. A surface which lies evenly with the straight lines on itself is [ ]
a) curved surface b) plane surface c) lines d) none
19. The solids are examples of [ ]
a) 1D shapes b) 3D shapes c) 2D shapes d) all
20. The surfaces / curves are examples of [ ]
a) 2D shapes b) 1D shapes c) 3D shapes d) none
21. The lines are examples of [ ]
a) 2D shapes b) 3D shapes c) 1D shapes d) all
22. “The line is divided into parts and that part which has no remaining part is a point”. This was stated by
a) Euler b) Euclid [ ]
c) Einstean d) Mohist philosophens
23. The statements which are selfevident or assumed to be true are called [ ]
a) postulates b) theorems c) axioms d) all
24. The things which are equal to the same things are [ ]
a) Not equal b) equal c) similar d) all
25. If equals are added to equals, then _____________ are equal. [ ]
a) each b) wholes c) difference d) product
26. If equals are subtracted from equals, then _____________ are equal. [ ]
a) wholes b) product c) difference d) remainders
27. The things which coincide with one another are _____________ to one another. [ ]
a) equal b) unequal c) greater d) usses
28. The things which are halves of the same things are _____________ to one another. [ ]
a) double b) triple c) equal d) half

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem Solving
1
1. If a point Q lies between two points P and R such that PQ = QR, prove that PQ = PR
2

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
II. Reasoning & Proof
2. Answer the following:
i) How many dimensions a solid has?
ii) How many books are there in Euclid’s Elements ?
iii) Write the number of faces of a cube and cuboid.
iv) What is sum of interior angles of a triangle ?
v) Write three un-defined terms of geometry.
3. State whether the following statements are true or false? Also give reasons for your answers.
a) Only one line can pass through a given point.
b) All right angles are equal.
c) Circles with same radii are equal.
d) A finite line can be extended on its both sides endlessly to get a straight line.

A C B
e) From the figure, AB > AC
4. Mark two points P and Q. Draw a line through P and Q. Now how many lines are parallel to PQ, can
you draw? n
l
5. In the adjacent figure, a line n falls on lines l and m such that the sum of 1
2
the interior angles 1 and 2 is less than 180°, then what can you say
m
about lines l and m.
6. In the adjacent figure, if ∠1 = ∠3, ∠2 = ∠ 4 and ∠3 = ∠4, write 3
the relation between ∠1 and ∠2 using an Euclid’s postulate. 4
1
III. Communications 2

7. What is a conjecture ? Give an example for it.

IV. Representation
8. In the figure given below, show that length AH > AB + BC + CD.

A B C D E F G H

9. Draw an equilateral triangle whose sides are 5.2 cm. each.

1 B
10. In the adjacent figure, we have BX = AB,
2
1 X Y
BY = BC and AB = BC. Show that BX = BY
2 A C
ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To verify that the sum of the three angles of a triangle is 180º.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
4 LINES AND ANGLES
MIND MAPPING

Lines and Angles

Introduction

Basic terms Pairs of Line and

in Geometry Angles Transversal

Intersecting, Linear pair of Lines parallel Angle sum property

Non - intersecting Angles & Angles to the same line of triangles
& Concurrent lines in intersecting lines

Exercise - 4.1 Exercise - 4.2 Exercise - 4.3 Exercise - 4.4

SELF ACCESS
1. (3 × 32) + 7 = 2. (2 × 32) – 19 =
5
3. 780° – (36 + 90°) = 4. × 180 ° =
12
7 189°
5. × 180° = 6. =
12 9
2
7. If 35° + 100° + y° = 180°, then y° = 8. × 180° =
10
5
9. × 180° = 10. If (x – 24)° + 29° + 296° = 360°, then x =
10
11. If 3x + 18 = 180° – 93°, then x = 12. If 40°+ ∠BOE + 70°=180°, then ∠BOE =
13. If (14x – 1)° = (12x + 17)°, then x = 14. If 11x + 2 = 75°, then x =
15. If 105° + 25° + (180 – x)° = 180°, then x = 16. If x + 65° + 52° = 180°, then x =
17. (4 × 21) – 14 = 18. If ∠DCE + 53° + 35° = 180°, then ∠DCE =

19. If ∠DAB + 108° + 45° = 180°, then ∠DAB = 20. If (3x + 20°) + (x – 15°) + x° = 180°, then x =

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
SYNOPSIS :
Ø A point is a mark of position, it has no length, breadth and thickness.

Ø A line is a set of points, it has no end points, and it has infinite length. B
A

Ø A line segment is a part of a line has two end points, it has a finite length. P Q
Ø A ray is a part if a line, it begins at a point and goes on endless in a specified direction

O X

n ( n − 1)
Ø If ‘n’ points are collinear, then the number of line segments can be formed is .
2
Ø A circular is divided into 360 equal parts and the measure of each part is called one degree.

Ø The change of a ray from initial position to terminal position around the

Ter sition
po
min
fixed point (say O)is called rotaion and measure of rotation is called angle.

al
Ø One complete rotation gives 360°. O Initial position

⎛ 11m ⎞
Ø The angle between two hands of a clock at the time of ‘h’ hours ‘m’ minutes is ⎜⎝ 30 h −
2 ⎟⎠
degrees.
B
Ø The rays making an angle are called arms of the angle and the common point
KKKH KKKH
is called vertex of the angle. In the diagram OA and OB are rays and ‘O’ is
O A
the vertex.
Ø Types of angles:
M If the two lines in a same plane having no common points, then they are called parallel lines.
M The perpendicular distance between two parallel lines is same. P Q

Ø If the two lines meet at any point, then they are called intersecting lines. R S

Ø If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90°, then they are called A D
complementary angles.
C B
Example : (60°, 30°); (45°, 45°); (38°, 52°); etc are the pairs of complementary angles.
Ø If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180°, then they are called supplementary angles.
Example : (40°, 140°) ; (108°, 72°); etc are the pairs of supplementary angles.
Ø The pair of angles whose sum is 360° are called conjugate angles.
Example : (120°, 240°); (100°, 260°); etc are pairs of conjugate angles.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Ø The pairs of angles have a common arm and a common vertex and non common arms lie on either
side of common arm are called adjacent angles.
C
B
Example : BOC , AOB are adjacent angles.
O A
Ø The sum of two adjacent angles is 180° are called linear pair angles.
Ø Every linear pair of angles are always supplementary but supplementary angles need not form a
linear pair.
Ø If a ray stands on a straight line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles formed is 180°.
Ø If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then the non-common arms
of the angles form aline.

P S
Ø In the adjacent figure, POS and ROQ are vertically opposite angles. O
R Q

Ø If two lines intersect each other, then the pairs of vertically opposite angles thus formed are equal.
Ø A line that intersects two distinct lines at two district points is called a transversal.
Ø In the diagram the line “l” intersects, the lines “m” and “n’ at points “ P” and “Q”, so l is a transversal
for m and n
M When a transversal intersecting a pair of lines eight angles can be formed
l
M In the diagram 1, 2, 3...... 8 are the angles m 1 2
4 3
M 1, 2, 7 and 8 are called exterior angles. n 5 6
8 7
M 3, 4, 5 and 6 are called interior angles

4, 5 ; 3, 6 it are not linear pair angles but they are supplementary.

Ø Corresponding angles:The angles which are non-adjacent and lie on the same side of the transver-
sal among the one is interior and the other is exterior are called corresponding angles.

Ø In the diagram pairs of corresponding angles are ( 1, 5) ; ( 2, 6) ; ( 4, 8) ; ( 3, 7)

Ø Alternate interior angles: The pair of interior angles on either side of the transversal but not an
adjacent angles are called alternate interior angles.
In the diagram 4 and 6 , 3 and 5 are alternate interior angles.
Ø Alternate exterior angles: The pair of exterior angles an either side of the transversal but not an
adjacent angles are called alternate interior angles.
Ø In the diagram 1 and 7 , 2 and 8 are alternate exterior angles.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
Ø The pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal i.e 4 and 5 ; 3 and 6 are referred as
consecutive interior angles (or) co-interior angles (or) allied interior angles.
Ø The pair of exterior angles on the same side of the transversal i.e 1 and 8 ; 2 and 7 are referred to
as consecutive exterior angles (or) co-exterior angles (or) allied exterior angles.
Ø If a transversal intersects a pair of parallel lines, then the pair of corresponding angles are equal.
Ø If a transversal intersects two parallel lines then each pair of alternate interior angles are equal.
Ø If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal are supplementary.
Ø If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of corresponding angles are equal, then the two
lines are parallel to each other.
Ø If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate interior angles are equal, then the two
lines are parallel.
Ø If l 2 m and m 2 n, then n 2 l.
Ø The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180° (or) two right angles.
Ø If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle of a triangle so formed is equal to the sum of
the two interior opposite angles.

Remember
. If three (or) more points lie on the same line, then they are called collinear points, otherwise they are
called non-collinear points.
Example : In the diagram P, Q, R, S are collinear points. p
P Q R S q
. An angle is formed when two rays originate from the same point. r
. The angle between two parallel lines is 0°.
. The angle between two coincident lines is 0°. O s
. If three or more lines meet at a point then they are called concurrent
lines and the point at which they meet is called point of concurrence.
. The sum of all the angles around a point is always 360°. 2 1
3 5
Example : In the figure 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 360° . 4

. The pair of opposite angles with same vertex and have no common arm are called as vertically
opposite angles.
s
. The lines which are parallel to the same line are parallel to each other. l 1
. An exterior angle of a triangle is always greater than either of its interior m
2
n 3
opposite angles.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. The length of a line is [ ]

a) 0 b) finite c) infinite d) both b, c
2. The number of points on a line are [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) finite d) infinite
3. A line segment extended endlessly in one direction is called [ ]
a) a point b) a ray c) a line d) a curve
4. The number of end points of a line is [ ]
a) infinite b) 1 c) 2 d) 0
5. The number of end points of a ray is [ ]
a) 2 b) 0 c) 1 d) infinite
6. The number of end points of a line segment is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) infinite
7. The number of straight lines that can pass through two given points is [ ]
a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) infinite
8. The angle in a complete rotation is [ ]
a) 300° b) 260° c) 360° d) 400°
9. Among the following, a straight angle is [ ]
a) 100° b) 200° c) 150° d) 180°
10. The pair of angles whose sum is 360° are called [ ]
a) supplementary angles b) complementary angles
c) linear pair angle d) conjugate angles
11. If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then they are called [ ]
a) opposite angles b) corresponding angles
c) linear pair angles d) complementary angles
12. If the sum of two angles is 90°, then they are called [ ]
a) supplementery angles b) complementary angles
c) straight angles d) complete angles
13. The angle whose measure is greater than 0° and less than 90° is called [ ]
a) obtuse angle b) right angle c) acute angle d) zero angle
14. Among the following, an obtuse angle is [ ]
a) 80° b) 89° c) 90° d) 91°
15. Among the following, a reflex angle is [ ]
a) 180° b) 365° c) 110° d) 181°
16. If a ray stands on a straight line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles formed is [ ]
a) 200° b) 90° c) 360° d) 180°
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
17. If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then the non-common arms of the angles form a [ ]
a) ray b) line c) vertex d) all
18. The sum of co-interior angles is [ ]
a) 100° b) 200° c) 180° d) 250°
19. The number of equal parts that a circle is divided is [ ]
a) 300 b) 250 c) 350 d) 360
20. Among 360 equal parts of a circle, each parts is called [ ]
a) a minute b) a centimetre c) a degree d) a second
21. The angle in a circle at the centre is [ ]
a) 0° b) 180° c) 360° d) 540°
22. The angle between the two hands of a clock at 3’O clock is [ ]
a) 100° b) 135° c) 90° d) 125°
23. The angle between the two hands of a clock at 8’o clock is [ ]
a) 160° b) 200° c) 240° d) 300°
24. If the angle between two hands of a clock is 180°, then the time in the clock is [ ]
a) 6 A.M b) 3A.M c) 6P.M d) both a, c
25. The line that intersects two distant lines at two distinct points is called [ ]
a) hypotenuse b) intercept c) a ray d) transversal
26. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then the pairs of angles equal are [ ]
a) alternte interior angles b) alternate exterior angles
c) corresponding angles d) all
27. If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of corresponding angles are equal, then the two
lines are [ ]
a) perpendicular b) parallel c) coincident d) intersecting
28. If a pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary, then they are
[ ]
a) intersecting lines b) parallel lines c) coincidence lines d) concurrent lines
29. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles are [ ]
a) not equal b) right angles c) straight angles d) equal
30. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal are [ ]
a) supplementary b) complementary c) acute d) obtuse
31. In the adjacent diagram, m and n are parallel lines, p is the transversal, then x° = [ ]
p
a) 90° b) 130° 60°
m
c) 120° d) 150° x°
n
32. The medians of a triangle are [ ]
a) concurrent b) not equal c) equal d) none

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
33. The altitudes of a triangle are [ ]
a) not equal b) equal c) concurrent d) none
34. If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to sum of the [ ]
a) two interior opposite angles b) two exterior angles
c) two adjacent angles d) none
35. The sum of the three interior angles in a triangle is [ ]
a) 200° b) 360° c) 250° d) 180°
36. The exterior angle in an equilateral triangle is [ ]
a) 100° b) 140° c) 120° d) 110°
37. An isosceles triangle with base angles 72° and vertex angle 36° is called the [ ]
a) equilateral triangle b) golden triangle c) isosceles triangle d) scale triangle
38. If A = 35° and B = 85°, then the exterior angle formed when BC is produced is [ ]
a) 50° b) 180° c) 150° d) 120°
39. If the three sides of triangle are produced, then the sum of the exterior angles formed is [ ]
a) 200° b) 300° c) 400° d) 360°
40. If the angles of a triangle are (2x)°, (3x + 5)°and (4x – 14)°, then the measures of the angles respectively
are
a) 68°, 42°, 70° b) 70°, 42°, 68° c) 42°, 70°, 68° d) 42°, 68°, 70° [ ]
41. The points lie on the same line are called [ ]
a) initial points b) end points c) collinear points d) non-collienear points
42. The points does not lie on the same line are called [ ]
a) non - collinear points b) collinear points c) coplanar points d) non - coplanar points
43. The angle between two parallel lines is [ ]
a) 180° b) 90° c) 0° d) 270°
44. The two lines having no common point are called [ ]
a) perpendicular lines b) parallel lines c) coincident lines d) coplaner lines
45. If two lines meet at any point are called [ ]
a) parallel lines b) coincident lines c) intersecting lines d) non-intersecting lines
46. The pair if angles having a common arm and a common vertex are called [ ]
a) opposite angles b) adjacent angles c) corresponding angles d) non-adjacent angles
47. If two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are [ ]
a) intersecting b) perpendicular c) parallel d) coincident
48. If the perpendicular distance between two lines is the same, then they are [ ]
a) parallel lines b) intersecting lines c) coincidence lines d) concurrent lines
49. If two lines intersect each other, then the pairs of vertically opposite angles formed are [ ]
a) supplementary b) complementary c) equal d) un equal
50. The angle complement to itself is [ ]
a) 90° b) 50° c) 45° d) 55°

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
51. The angle supplement to itself is [ ]
a) 100° b) 180° c) 80° d) 90°
52. The angle conjugate to itself is [ ]
a) 150° b) 100° c) 200° d) 180°
53. The complementary angle of 24° is [ ]
a) 56° b) 76° c) 66° d) 64°
54. The supplementary angles of 70° is [ ]
a) 100° b) 130° c) 170° d) 110°
55. The conjugate angle of 200° is [ ]
a) 100° b) 200° c) 180° d) 160°
56. If two conjugate angles are in the ratio 3 : 5, then the supplement of smallest angle is [ ]
a) 95° b) 65° c) 135° d) 45°
57. If three or more lines meet at a point are called [ ]
a) coincident lines b) parallel lines c) non-intersecting line d) concurrent lines
58. If three or more lines passing through a point, then the point is called [ ]
a) collinear b) coplanar c) non - coplanar d) point of concurrence
59. The internal angle bisectors of a triangle are [ ]
a) not equal b) perpendicular c) equal d) concurrent
60. The perpendicular bisectors of a triangle are [ ]
a) equal b) congruent c) not equal d) concurrent

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem Solving
1. What is the angle between two hands of a clock when the time in the clock is
a) 9’O clock b) 6’O clock c) 7:00 PM
2. It is given that ∠ XYZ = 64° and XY is produced to point P.A ray YQ bisects ∠ ZYP. Draw a figure
from the given information. Find ∠ XYQ and reflex ∠ QYP.
B
3. In the adjacent figure m || n. A, B are any two points on m and n respectively. m
x
Let ‘C’ be an interior, point between the lines m and n. Find ∠ ACB. z C
II. Reasoning & Proof y
n
A
4. State whether the following statements are true or false :
IKKH IKKH
i) A ray has no end point. ii) Line AB is the same as line BA .
iii) A ray AB is same as the ray BA . iv) A line has a define length.
v) A plane has length and breadth but no thickness.
vi) Two distinct points always determine a unique line.
vii) Two lines may intersect in two points.
viii) Two intersecting lines cannot both be parallel to the same line.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
5. It is given that l || m to prove ∠ 1 is supplement to ∠ 8. Write reasons for the statement.
Statement Reasons 2 1
i) l || m ______________ l
3 4
ii) ∠1 = ∠5 ______________ 6 5
m
iii) ∠ 5 + ∠ 8 = 180° ______________ 7 8
iv) ∠ 1 + ∠ 8 = 180° ______________
v) ∠ 1 is supplement to ∠ 8 ______________
III. Communications c d
2 1 10 9
6. If in the figure a || b and c || d, then name the angles a 3 4 11 12

that are congruent to (i) ∠ 1 (ii) ∠ 2. b

6 5 14 13
7 8 15 16
7. Draw figures for the following statement.
“If the two arms of one angle are respectively perpendicular to the two arms of another angle then the
two angles are either equal or supplementary”.
8. In the figures given below AB || CD. EF is the transversal intersecting AB and CD at G and H
respectively. Find the values of x and y. Give reasons
E E
E
2x° G 2x+15° G
D C D
C C D 4x-23°
y G
3x-20° 3x
3x° A B A
H
B
A B H
H F F
F
IV. Connections.
9. Write the complementary, supplementary and conjugate angles for the following angles.
a) 45° b) 75° c) 215° d) 30°
e) 60° f) 90° g) 180° E
A D
IKKH IKKH IKH y°
10. In the given figure three lines AB , CD and EF intersecting at O. z° O
x°
Find the values of x, y and z it is being given that x : y : z = 2 : 3 : 5
C B
F
11. Find the value of x in the following figures.

A A
B B
B B C
(x-24)° 40°
C iii) (2+3x)° 62° (6x+2)°
i) (3x+18)° 93° ii) 29° O iv)
O C
A C O D
A
296°

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
IKKH IKKH
12. In the given figure lines AB and CD intersect at O. If ∠ AOC + ∠ BOE = 70° and ∠ BOD = 40°,
find ∠ BOE and reflex ∠ COE.
C E

40°
A B
O 40°
D
P
IKKH IKKKH M
13. In the given figure lines XY and MN intersect at O.
X ba Y
If ∠ POY = 90° and a: b = 2 : 3, find c. c O
14. In the adjacent figure AB || CD; CD || EF and y : z = 3 : 7, find x. N

A x B
y
C D
z
E F

15. In the adjacent figure AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD and ∠ GED = 126°, find ∠ AGE, ∠ GEF and ∠ FGE.

A G F B

C D
E

16. In the adjacent figure PQ || ST, ∠ PQR = 110° and ∠ RST = 130°, find ∠ QRS.
[Hint : Draw a line parallel to ST through point R.]
S T
P Q
130°
110°

17. Find the value of a and b, given that p || q and r || s

r s

2a°
p
80° b°
q

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
18. In the figure the arrow head segments are parallel. find the value of x and y.

x°
y°
59°

60°

19. Find the value of x and y from the figure.

120° x°

(3y+6)°

20. In the given figure, if AB || CD, ∠ APQ = 50° and ∠ PRD = 127°, find x and y.

A P B
50°
y°

x° 127°
C
Q R D t
2 1
21. In the adjacent figure, AB || CD, ‘t’ is a transversal intersecting A E B
3 4
E and F respectively. If ∠ 2 : ∠ 1 = 5 : 4, find the measure
6 5
of each marked angles. F D
C
7 8
22. In the adjacent figure AB || CD. Find the value of x, y and z.

P
C D
3x°
2x°

80° y° z°
P
A B
Q R y°
C D
23. In the adjacent figure AB || CD. Find the values of x, y and z. z°
90° x° 70°x°
24. In each of the following figures AB || CD. Find the value of x in each case. A B
E
B
A B C D D
104°
35

35° M
°

75°
E x° x° E x°
116° 65°
C D A B
A C
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
25. In the given triangles, find out ∠ x, ∠ y and ∠ z.
E
S
A
60°
50°
y° R
F 70°
60° x° G
B C D z° 35° 45°
H P Q
KKH
26. In the given figure AS || BT; ∠ 4 = ∠ 5 SB bisects ∠AST. B
A 6 5
Find the measure of ∠ 1.
2
27. In the given figure AB || CD; BC || DE then find the values of x and y. 1 3 4
R S T
B
3x°
D
105°
24° y°
A C E
28. Find the values of x, y for which the lines AD and BC become parallel.

30° A
5y° D

2x° (x-y)°
B C
29. Find the values of x and y in the figure.
30
°

x° 140° x°
y°
y°
30. In the given figure segments shown by arrow heads are parallel.
30° 45°
Find the values of x and y.
S
31. In the given figure sides QP and RQ of ∠ PQR are P 135°
produced to points S and T respectively. If ∠ SPR = 135°
and ∠ PQT = 110°, find ∠ PRQ. 110°
T Q R

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
X
32. In the given figure, ∠ X = 62°, ∠ XYZ = 54°. In ΔXYZ,

62°
if YO and ZO are the bisectors of ∠XYZ and ∠ XZY respectively, O
find ∠ OZY and ∠ YOZ. Y 54° Z
33. In the given figure if AB || DE, ∠ BAC = 35° and ∠ CDE = 53°, find ∠ DCE.
A 35° B
C

P
D 53° E 95°

34. In the given figure if line segments PQ and RS intersect at point T, R 40° S
T 75°
such that ∠ PRT = 40°, ∠ RPT = 95° and ∠ TSQ = 75°, find ∠ SQT. Q
35. In the adjacent figure, ABC is a triangle in which ∠ B = 50° and ∠ C = 70°. Sides AB and AC are
produced. If ‘z’ is the measure of the angle between the bisectors of the exterior angles so formed,
then find ‘z’.

B 50° 70° C
x° y°
x° y°
z
O

36. In the given figure if PQ ⊥ PS, PQ || SR, ∠ SQR = 28° and ∠ QRT = 65°, then find the values of
x and y.

P Q
x°
28
°

y°
65°
S R T
A

37. In the given figure ΔABC side AC has been produced to D.

∠ BCD = 125o and ∠A : ∠B = 2 : 3, find the measure of ∠ A and ∠ B. B C
125° D

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
38. In the adjacent figure, it is given that, BC || DE, ∠ BAC = 35o and ∠ BCE = 102o. Find the measure
of (i) ∠ BCA (ii) ∠ ADE and (iii) ∠ CED.

E
C
102°

35°
D A
B

39. In the adjacent figure, it is given that AB =AC, ∠ BAC = 36o, ∠ ADB = 45o and ∠ AEC = 40o.
Find (i) ∠ ABC (ii) ∠ ACB (iii) ∠ DAB (iv) ∠ EAC.
A

°
36

45° 40°
D B C E
40. Using information given in the figure, Calculate the value of x and y.
A
34
°

y°
E
24° x° 62°
D C B

V. Representation
41. In the given figure, name:
E G
X M P
A B
N Q
C Y D
F H

i) any six points ii) any five line segments iii) any four rays iv) any four lines
v) any four collinear points

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
42. Observe the following figures and identify the type of angles in them.

12
11 1 C
10 2
9 3
A
8 4 B
7 6 5

43. Which pairs of following angles become complementary or supplementary angles?

i) ii) iii) 120°

30° 60°
P
44. In the given figure ∠ PQR = ∠ PRQ,

then prove that ∠ PQS = ∠ PRT. S T

Q R
45. In the given figure, if x + y = w + z, then prove that AOB is a line.
C

B
x
y
O
w
z
A
IKKH KKKH IKKH KKKH
46. In the given figure PQ is a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ . OS is another ray lying
KKKH KKKH 1
between rays OP and OR . Prove that ∠ ROS = ( ∠ QOS – ∠ POS)
2

R
S

P O Q

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
47. In the figure the arrow head segments are parallel then find the value of x and y.

x° 35° y°

105°

48. From the figure find x and y.

x°
°
5)
y+
(3
65°
52°

49. In the adjacent figure PQ and RS are two mirrors placed parallel to each other.
KKKH P B Q
An incident ray AB strikes the mirror PQ at B, the reflected ray moves
KKKH
along the path BC and strikes the mirror RS at C and again reflected D
KKKH
back along CD . Prove that AB || CD. R C S
[Hint : Perpendiculars drawn to parallel lines are also parallel.]

50. In the adjacent figre BE ⊥ DA and CD ⊥ DA then prove that m ∠ 1 ≅ m ∠ 3.

C

B
2
1 3
D A
E

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To verify that in a triangle, if one of the sides is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal
to the sum of the interior opposite angles.
2. Prove that, If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles, each
pair of corresponding angles are equal and each pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
5 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
MIND MAPPING

Co-ordinate Geometry

Introduction Cartesian system Plotting Point

on Cartesian
plane
Locating a Point
& Origin

Exercise-5.1 Exercise-5.2 Exercise-5.3

SELF ACCESS
1. (– 4, 6) ∈ 2. (– 2, – 6) ∈
3. (3, – 5) ∈ 4. (3, 7) ∈
5. In (4, – 8) ordinate = ____, abscissa = _____.
6. (1, 0), (3, 0), (– 2, 0), (– 5, 0) lies on ____ axis.
7. (0, 1), (0, 3), (0, – 2(, (0, – 5), (0, 5), (0, – 6) lies on ______ axis.
8. (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, – 4), (1, 0), (1, 8) is _____ to Y - axis at a distance of _____ cm
9. (2, 3), (6, 3), (4, 7) form a ________.
10. (– 7, – 4) is 4 units distance from ____ axis.

SYNOPSIS :

Ø The representation of a point on a plane with idea of two references led to development of new
branch of mathematics known as co-ordinate geometry.
Ø Rene Descartes, a French mathematician and philosopher has developed the study of co-ordinate
geometry.
Ø We use number line to represent the numbers by marking points on the line at equal distances.
Ø Integer line is shown in the figure.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Ø All positive integers in the integer line are shown on the right side of zero and all negative numbers on
its left side.
Ø We draw a horizontal number line and vertical number line meeting at a point perpendicular to each
other in the plane as shown in the figure.

Ø OX and OY are called positive directions of X-axis and Y-axis respectively.

Ø OX1 and OY1 are called negative directions of X-axis and Y-axis respectively.
Ø X and Y axes divide the plane into four parts called the quadrants and are denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3 and
Q4 in anti clockwise direction.
Ø The two axes are called the coordinate axes.
Ø The x-coordinate of a point is the distance from origin to foot of perpendicular on X-axis.
Ø The y-coordinate of a point is the distance from the origin to foot of perpendicular on Y-axis.
Ø The x-coordinate is called as abscissa and y-coordinate is called as ordinate.
Ø The intersecting point of X-axis and Y-axis is called origin.
Ø Point “O” lies on X-axis its distance from X-axis is zero i.e. its y-coordinate is zero.
Ø The x-coordinate of the points lying on Y-axis is always zero, hence the equation of Y-axis is denoted
by x = 0.
Ø The y-coordinate of the point lying on X-axis is always zero, hence the equation of X-axis is denoted
by y = 0.
Ø Signs of co-ordinates of a point in quadrants.
If p(x, y) ∈Q1 ⇒ x > 0, y > 0 ⇒ signs are (+, +)
If p(x, y) ∈Q2 ⇒ x < 0, y > 0 ⇒ signs are (–,+)
If p(x, y) ∈Q3 ⇒ x < 0, y < 0 ⇒ signs are (–,–)
If (x, y) ∈Q4 ⇒ x > 0, y < 0 ⇒ signs are (+,–)
Ø The process of marking a point on a cartesian plane using their co-ordinates is called “plotting the
point”
Remember
. The point of intersection of X - axis and Y - axis is origin and it is denoted by ‘O’.
. The plane here is called the cartesian plane (or) co-ordinate plane (or) XY-plane.
. We take origin as a reference point to locate other points in a plane.
. The point “O” lies on Y-axis, its distance from Y-axis is zero i.e. its x-coordinate is zero.
. The coordinates of the origin “O” are (0,0).

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. The horizontal number line in the cartesian plane is called as [ ]

a) Y-axis b) Z-axis c) X-axis d) origin
2. The vertical number line in the cartesian plane is called as [ ]
a) Z-axis b) origin c) X-axis d) Y-axis
3. The point which lies on both X-axis and Y-axis is [ ]
a) (2, 2) b) (– 9, – 9) c) (0, 0) d) (9, – 8)
4. The point of intersection of coordinate axes is [ ]
a) transversal b) intercept c) origin d) hypotenuse
5. The co-ordinates of origin are [ ]
a) (0, 1) b) (1, 0) c) (1, 1) d) (0, 0)
6. The number of references required to fix the position of a point is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 1
7. The Mathematician developed the study of co-ordinate geometry is [ ]
a) Newton b) Rene Descartes c) Cantor d) James Cavilion
8. The point (5, – 3) lies in [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
9. The point (– 4, – 3) lies in [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
10. The point (3, 7) lies in [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
11. The point (– 9, 2) lies in [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
12. The point (0, – 9) is lying on [ ]
a) negative X - axis b) positive X - axis c) negative Y - axis d) positive Y - axis
13. The point (– 5, 0) is lying on [ ]
a) negative Y - axis b) positive X - axis c) negative X - axis d) positive Y - axis
14. The plane that should be divided by the axes is called [ ]
a) cartesian plane b) co-ordinate plane c) XY-plane d) all
15. The point (0, 6) is lying on [ ]
a) positive X - axis b) negative Y - axis c) negative X - axis d) positive Y - axis
16. The number of quadrants that the coordinate axes divide the plane is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 6
17. In (– 3, 4) abscissa is [ ]
a) 3 b) 4 c) – 3 d) – 4

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
18. In (5, 9) ordinate is [ ]
a) 5 b) – 5 c) 9 d) – 9
19. The x-coordinate is also called as [ ]
a) ordinate b) first co - ordinate c) abscissa d) both b, c
20. The y-coordinate is also called as [ ]
a) first co - ordinate b) ordinate c) abscissa d) none
21. The x-coordinate on Y-axis is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) y d) 0
22. The y-coordinate on X-axis is [ ]
a) 1 b) x c) 0 d) – 2
23. The general form of a point on X-axis is [ ]
a) (0, k) b) (k, k) c) (k, 0) d) all
24. The general form of a point on Y-axis is [ ]
a) (0, k) b) (k, 0) c) (k, k) d) none
25. If (x, y) ∈Q3, then (– x, y) ∈ [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
26. If (x, y) ∈Q1, then (– x, –y) ∈ [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
27. If (x, y) ∈Q2, then (x, – y) ∈ [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
28. If (x, y) ∈Q4, then (–x, y) ∈ [ ]
a) Q1 b) Q2 c) Q3 d) Q4
29. The equation of X-axis is [ ]
a) y = 2 b) y = 0 c) x = 0 d) x = 2
30. The equation of Y-axis is [ ]
a) x = 0 b) y = 0 c) x = 4 d) y = 4
31. The distance of Q(6, – 8) from Y-axis is [ ]
a) 8 units b) 6 units c) 2 units d) – 2 units
32. The distance of P(– 9, 8) from X-axis is [ ]
a) 9 units b) 1 unit c) 8 units d) 17 units
33. The x-coordinate of a point is the distance from origin to a foot of perpendicular on [ ]
a) X - axis b) Y - axis c) both a, b d) none
34. The y-coordinate of a point is the distance from origin to foot of perpendicular on [ ]
a) X - axis b) Y - axis c) both a, b d) none
35. If (x, y) = (y, x), then [ ]
a) x ≠ y b) x = y c) x > y d) x < y

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Reasoning & Proof

1. State True or False and write correct statement.

i) In the Cartesian plane the horizontal line is called Y-axis.
ii) In the Cartesian plane, the vertical line is called Y-axis.
iii) The point which lies on both the axes is called origin.
iv) The point (2, –3) lies in the third quadrant.
v) (–5, –8 ) lies in the fourth quadrant.
vi) The point (–x, –y) lies in the first quadrant where x < 0, y < 0.
2. Plot the following ordered pairs on a graph sheet.What do you observe?
i) (1, 0), (3, 0), (–2, 0), (–5, 0), (0, 0), (5, 0), (–6, 0)
ii) (0, 1), (0, 3), (0, –2), (0, –5), (0, 0), (0, 5), (0, –6)
3. Are the positions of (5, –8) and (–8, 5) is same? Justify your answer.
4. What can you say about the position of the points (5, 4), (8, –4), (3, 4), (0, 4), (–4, 4), (–2, 4)? Locate
the points on a graph sheet and justify your answer.
5. In a graph Sheet Plot each pair of points, join them by line segments
i) (2, 5), (4, 7) ii) (–3, 5), (–1, 7) iii) (–3, –4), (2, –4) iv) (–3, –5), (2, –5)
v) (4, –2), (4, –3) vi) (–2, 4), (–2, 3) vii) (–2, 1), (–2, 0)
Now join the following pairs of points by straight line segments, in the same graph.
viii) (–3, 5), (–3, 4) ix) (2, 5), (2, –4) x) (2, –4), (4, –2) xi) (2, –4), (4, –3)
xii) (4, –2), (4, 7) xiii) (4, 7), (–1, 7) xiv) (–3, 2), (2, 2)
Now you will get a surprise figure.What is it?

II. Representation
6. Write the quadrant in which the following points lie?
i) (–2, 3) ii) (5, –3) iii) (4, 2) iv) (–7, –6)
v) (0, 8) vi) (3, 0) vii) (–4, 0) viii) (0, –6)
7. Write the abscissae and ordinates of the following points.
i) (4, –8) ii) (–5, 3) iii) (0, 0) iv) (5, 0)
v) (0, –8)
Note : Plural of abscissa is abscissae.
8. Which of the following points lie on the axes? Also name the axis.
i) (–5, –8) ii) (0, 13) iii) (4, –2) iv) (–2, 0)
v) (0, –8) vi) (7, 0) vii) (0, 0)
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
9. What can you say about the position of the points (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, –4), (1, 0), and (1, 8). Locate on
a graph sheet .
10. Plot the points (0, 0) (0, 3) (3, 4) (4, 0) in graph sheet. Join the points with straight lines to make a
rectangle. Find the area of the rectangle.
11. Plot the following points in the Cartisian plane whose x, y co-ordinates are given.
x 2 3 –1 0 –9 –4
y –3 –3 4 11 0 –6
(x, y)
12. Write the following based on the graph.
i) The ordinate of L ii) The ordinate of Q
iii) The point denoted by (–2, –2) iv) The point denoted by (5, –4)
v) The abscissa of N vi) The abscissa of M

9
8 Q
M
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 N
X1 X
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-1
-2
R(-2, -2)
-3
-4
-5 P(5, -4)
-6
-7
L -8
-9

Y1

13. Plot the points (2, 3), (6, 3) and (4, 7) in a graphsheet. Join them to make it a triangle. Find the area of
the triangle.
14. Plot at least six points in a graph sheet, each having the sum of its coordinates equal to 5.
Hint : (–2, 7) (1, 4) .............

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
15. Look at the graph. Write the coordinates of the points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, L, M. N, P,
O and Q.

B
5

A 4 C
L D

N 3 P

J K M Q E F
X1 X
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1
J H G
-2

-3

-4

-5
Y1

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Study the positions of different cities like Hyderabad, New Delhi, Vijayawada, Chennai and
Vishakapatnam with respect to the longitudes and latitudes on a globe.
2. Take a graph sheet and plot the following pairs of points on the axes and join them with line
segments.
(1, 0) (0, 9); (2, 0) (0, 8); (3, 0) (0, 7); (4, 0) (0, 6); (5, 0) (0, 5);
(6, 0) (0, 4); (7, 0) (0, 3); (8, 0) (0, 2); (9, 0) (0, 1).
Try to complete the picture by using above points. What did you observe?

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
6 LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
MIND MAPPING

Linear Equations in two variables

Solution of Graph of a Linear Equation of lines

Introduction linear Equation Equation in two parallel to
in two variables variables X - axis & Y - axis

Exercise-6.1 Exercise-6.2 Exercise-6.3 Exercise-6.4

SELF ACCESS

x y x y
1. − −5 = 2. + =
2 3 3 4
3. If 13(0) – 12y = 25, then y = 4. If 10(0) + 11y = 21, then y =
5. If 3(1) – 2y = – 6, then y = 6. If 5(1) + 6y = 15, then y =
9
7. 50 + (x – 2) 10 = 8. × 30 + 32 =
5
9
9. × 35 + 32 = 10. If – 5x = – 10, then x =
5
x y
11. + = 12. If (4 × 1) – 2y = 8, then y =
2 3
13. 3(3) – 5(– 2) = 14. 5(–3) – 8(2) =
x y 5y
15. − = 16. 2x – =
4 7 3
3y
17. – 2x + = 18. 5(0) + 6(1) =
5
19. If 3x – 8x = 10, then x = 20. 3(2) – 2(6) =

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
SYNOPSIS :
Ø A linear equation having only one variable is called simple equation, its solution represents on number
line. Example: ax + b = 0, where a ≠ 0
Ø Linear equations in two variables : If a linear equation has two variables, then it is called a linear
equation in two variables.
Ø The general form of a linear equation in two variables x, y is ax + by + c = 0, where a, b, c are real
s t
numbers and a,b are not simultaneously zero. Ex : 4x + 2y = 100, p + 3q = 50, − = 5 etc.
2 3
Ø Any pair of values of ‘x’ and ‘y’ that satisfy the linear equation in two variables is called its solution.
Ø The linear equations in two variables having many (infinite) solutions. The solution represents on
cartesian plane.
Ø Every point lies on the graph of a linear equation is a solution of the linear equation.
Any point does not lie on the graph of linear equation is not a solution of the equation and vice - versa.
Ø An equation of the form y = mx represents a line passing through the origin.
Ø The graph of x = k is a line parallel to Y-axis at a distance of k units and passing through the point (k, 0).
Ø The graph of y = k is a line parallel to X-axis at a distance of k units and passing through the point (0, k).
Ø Equation of X-axis is y = 0.
Ø Equation of Y-axis is x = 0.

Remember

. Every solution of the linear equation represents a point on the line of the equation.
. The graph of every linear equation in two variables is a straight line.
. Infinite number of lines can be drawn through a single point.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Among the following, a linear equation in two variables is [ ]
a) x2 + y2+ z2 = 0 b) 2x + 3y + 50 = 0 c) x2 + y2 = 0 d) (x + y)2 = 5
2. The general form of a linear equation in two variables is [ ]
a) ax2 + bx + c = 0 b) ax + by + c = 0, a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0
c) ax + by + c = 0, a + b ≠ 0 d) ax + by2 + c = 0, a + b ≠ 0

x y 1
3. The equation + = in the form of ax + by + c = 0 is [ ]
2 2 6
a) 2x + 2y – 6 = 0 b) 6x + 6y – 4 = 0 c) 3x + 3y – 1 = 0 d) 4x + 4y – 3 = 0

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
4. If we express x = – 5 in the form of ax + by + c = 0, then the values of a, b and c respectively are
a) 1, 5, 0 b) 1, 0, 5 c) 1, – 5, 0 d) 1, 0, – 5 [ ]
5. The equation 93x = 12 – 15y in the form of ax + by + c = 0 is [ ]
a) 93x + 5y – 4 = 0 b) 31x + 15y – 4 = 0 c) 31x + 5y – 4 = 0 d) 93x + 15y – 4 = 0

−3x
6. The equation y = in the form of ax + by + c = 0 is [ ]
2
a) 3x – 2y = 0 b) 3x = 2y c) 3x + 2y = 0 d) 2x + 3y = 0

7. If a + b = 0, then the graph of ax + by + c = 0 is not [ ]

a) a straight line b) a parabola c) a curve d) all
8. The degree of a linear equation in two variables is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
9. The general form of a line passing through the origin is [ ]
a) y = mx + c b) x = y c) y = mx d) x + y + 1 = 0
10. The number of solutions of a linear equation in two variables is [ ]
a) 0 b) unique c) finite d) infinite

11. The number of solutions of 5 x + 9 = 0 is [ ]

−9
a) unique b) 2 c) 3 d)
5
12. The equation of a line parallel to Y-axis is [ ]
a) x = k b) x = 0 c) y = k d) y = 3
13. The equation of a line parallel to X-axis is [ ]
a) x = 0 b) y = k c) x = k d) x = 9
14. If a point is lying on X-axis, then its y-coordinate is [ ]
a) 1 b) – 1 c) 0 d) not determined
15. If a point is lying on Y-axis, then its x-coordinate is [ ]
a) – 1 b) 0 c) 1 d) not determined
16. The distance of x = – 4 from the Y-axis is [ ]
a) 0 units b) 1 unit c) – 4 units d) 4 units
17. The distance of y = 3 from the X-axis is [ ]
a) – 3 units b) 0 units c) 3 units d) 1 unit
18. The graph of a line x = k is passing through the point [ ]
a) (0, k) b) (k, y) c) (k, 0) d) (k, 1)
19. The graph of the line y = k is not passing through the point [ ]
a) (x, k) b) (k, 0) c) (9, k) d) (0, k)
20. Among the following, a solution of 4x + 2y = 100 is [ ]
a) (20, 10) b) (18, 14) c) (21, 8) d) all

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
21. The sum of x and thrice of y is equal to 91 in the form of an equation is [ ]
y 3
a) x + = 91 b) x + 3y = 91 c) 3x + y = 91 d) x + = 91
3 y
22. If the age of ‘x’ is 4 times the age of ‘y’, then the linear equation representing this information is
a) 4x + y = 0 b) x – 4y = 0 c) 4x – y = 0 d) x + 4y = 0 [ ]
23. If the sum of two numbers is 137 and one of them is 62, then the other number is [ ]
a) 57 b) 82 c) 75 d) 28
24. If 3x – 2y = 5 is a linear equation such that x = – 9, then the value of y = [ ]
13
a) 32 b) 11 c) – 16 d) –
3
25. If x = 3 and y = 2 is a solution of 5x – 7y = k, then the value of k is [ ]
a) 0 b) 1 c) – 1 d) 2
26. If x = 2k + 1 and y = k is a solution of the equation 5x + 3y – 7 = 0, then the value of k = [ ]

2 13 2
a) – b) c) – 15 d)
13 2 13
27. If x = 3 and y = – 2 is a solution of 7x + 5y = k, then k = [ ]
a) 5 b) 7 c) 11 d) 9
28. If y = 3, then the solution of 2x + 3y = 12 is [ ]

⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ −3 ⎞ ⎛3 ⎞
a) ⎜⎝ 3, ⎟⎠ b) (3, 1) c) ⎜⎝ 1, ⎟⎠ d) ⎜⎝ ,3⎟⎠
2 2 2
29. Among the following, a line passing through the origin is [ ]

x y
a) – x + y = 6 b) − =3 c) y = 3x d) 2 x + 3y = 9
2 3
30. The equation of the line parallel to X-axis and passing through (0, 8) is [ ]
a) y = 8 b) x = 7 c) x = 8 d) y = 0
31. The equation of the line parallel to X-axis and passing through (2, – 9) is [ ]
a) y = 2 b) y = – 9 c) x = 2 d) x = – 9
32. The graph of a linear equation in two variables is always a [ ]
a) parabola b) hyperbola c) curve d) straight line
33. The number of linear equations in two variables exists such that those are having (2,4) is solution is
a) 1 b) finite c) infinite d) 2 [ ]

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.
Equations Solutions
1) x – 2y = 3 [ ] A) (2, 4)
2) 2x + 3y = 11 [ ] B) (2, – 6)
3) 7x – 3y = 2 [ ] C) (1, – 3)
4) 3x + 2y + 6 = 0 [ ] D) (– 5, – 4)
5) 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 [ ] E) (4, 1)
F) (3, 1)

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem Solving
1. Find three different solutions of the each of the following equations.
i) 3x + 4y = 7 ii) y = 6x iii) 2x – y = 7 iv) 13x – 12y = 25
v) 10x + 11y = 21 vi) x + y = 0
2. If (0, a) and (b, 0) are the solutions of the following linear equations. Find ‘a’ and ‘b’.
i) 8x – y = 34 ii) 3x = 7y – 21 iii) 5x – 2y + 3 = 0

II. Communications
3. Write five different linear equations in two variables and find three solutions for each of them?
III. Connections
4. Express the following linear equation in the form of ax+by+c=0 and indicate the values of a, b and c
in each case.
i) 8x + 5y – 3 = 0 ii) 28x – 35y = –7 iii) 93x = 12 – 15y iv) 2x = –5y
x y −3
v) + = 7 vi) y = x vii) 3 x + 5 y = 12
3 4 2
5. Write each of the following in the form of ax + by + c = 0 and find the values of a, b and c
y −14
i) 2x = 5 ii) y − 2 = 0 iii) =3 iv) x =
7 13
6. Check which of the following is solution of the equation 2x – 5y = 10
i) (0, 2) ii) (0, –2) iii) (5, 0) iv) (2 3, − 3)
⎛1 ⎞
v) ⎜ , 2⎟
⎝2 ⎠
7. Find the value of k, if x = 2, y = 1 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = k. Find two more solutions
of the resultant equation.
8. If x = 2 – α and y = 2 + α is a solution of the equation 3x – 2y + 6 = 0 find the value of ‘ α ’. Find
three more solutions of the resultant equation.
9. If x = 1, y = 1 is a solution of the equation 3x + ay = 6, find the value of ‘a’.
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
10. A lending library has fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charges for each day thereafter.
John paid < 27 for a book kept for seven days. If the fixed charges be < x and subsequent per day
charges be < y, then write the linear equation representing the above information and draw the graph of
the same. From the graph if the fixed the subsequent per day charge ? and if the per day charge is
< 4/- find the ‘fixed’ charge ? charge is < 7
11. Write the equation of the line parallel to X-axis, and passing through the point
i) (0, –3) ii) (0, 4) iii) (2, –5) iv) (3, 4)
12. Write the equation of the line parallel to Y-axis and passing through the point
i) (–4, 0) ii) (2, 0) iii) (3, 5) iv) (–4, –3)
13. Write the equation of three lines that are
i) parallel to the X-axis ii) parallel to the Y-axis.
IV. Representation.
14. Express the following statements as a linear equation in two variables.
i) The sum of two numbers is 34.
ii) The cost of a ball pen is < 5 less than half the cost of a fountain pen.
iii) Bhargavi got 10 more marks than double of the marks of Sindhu.
iv) The cost of a pencil is < 2 and one ball point pen costs < 15. Sheela pays < 100 for the pencils
and pens she purchased.
v) Yamini and Fatima of class IX together contributed <200/- towards the Prime Minister’s
Relief Fund.
vi) The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits is
121. If the digits in unit’s and ten’s place are ‘x’ and ‘y’ respectively.
15. Draw the graph of each of the following linear equations.
x y
i) 2y = –x + 1 ii) –x + y = 6 iii) 3x + 5y = 15 iv) − =3
2 3
16. Draw the graph of each of the following linear equations and answer the following question.
i) y = x ii) y = 2x iii) y = –2x iv) y = 3x
v) y = –3x
i) Are all these equations of the form y = mx, where m is a real number?
ii) Are all these graphs passing through the origin?
iii) What can you conclude about these graphs?
17. Draw the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 11. Find from the graph value of y when x = 1
18. Draw the graph of the equation y − x = 2. Find from the graph
i) the value of y when x = 4 ii) the value of x when y = –3
19. Draw the graph of the equation 2x + 3y = 12. Find the solutions from the graph
i) Whose y-coordinate is 3 ii) Whose x-coordinate is –3
20. Draw the graph of each of the equations given below and also find the coordinates of the points
where the graph cuts the coordinate axes
i) 6x − 3y = 12 ii) − x + 4y = 8 iii) 3x + 2y + 6 = 0
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
21. Rajiya and Preethi two students of Class IX together collected <1000 for the Prime Minister Relief
Fund for victims of natural calamities. Write a linear equation and draw a graph to depict the statement.
22. Gopaiah sowed wheat and paddy in two fields of total area 5000 square meters. Write a linear
equation and draw a graph to represent the same?
23. The force applied on a body of mass 6 kg. is directly proportional to the acceleration produced in the
body. Write an equation to express this observation and draw the graph of the equation.
24. A stone is falling from a mountain. The velocity of the stone is given by V = 9.8t. Draw its graph and
find the velocity of the stone ‘4’ seconds after start.
25. In a election 60% of voters cast their votes. Form an equation and draw the graph for this data. Find
the following from the graph.

i) The total number of voters, if 1200 voters cast their votes

ii) The number votes cast, if the total number of voters are 800
[Hint: If the number of voters who cast their votes be ‘x’ and the total number of voters be ‘y’
then x = 60% of y.]
26. When Rupa was born, his father was 25 years old. Form an equation and draw a graph for this data.
From the graph find
i) The age of the father when Rupa is 25 years old.
ii) Rupa’s age when her father is 40 years old.
27. An auto charges < 15 for first kilometer and < 8 each for each subsequent kilometer. For a distance of
‘x’ km. an amount of < ‘y’ is paid.
Write the linear equation representing this information and draw the graph. With the help of graph
find the distance travelled if the fare paid is < 55? How much would have to be paid for 7 kilometers?
28. The parking charges of a car in Hyderabad Railway station for first two hours is < 50 and <10 for
each subsequent hour. Write down an equation and draw the graph. Find the following charges from
the graph
i) For three hours ii) For six hours
iii) How many hours did Rekha park her car if she paid < 80 as parking charges?
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
29. Sameera was driving a car with uniform speed of 60 kmph. Draw distance-time graph. From the
graph find the distance travelled by Sameera in
1 1
i) 1 hours ii) 2 hours iii) 3 hours
2 2
30. The ratio of molecular weight of Hydrogen and Oxygen in water is 1:8. Set up an equation between
Hydrogen and Oxygen and draw its graph. From the graph find the quantity of Hydrogen if Oxygen
3
is 12 grams. And quantity of oxygen if hydrogen is gms.?
2
[Hint : If the quantities of hydrogen and oxygen or ‘x’ and ‘y’ respectively, then x : y = 1:8 ⇒ 8x = y]
31. In a mixture of 28 litres, the ratio of milk and water is 5:2. Set up the equation between the mixture
and milk. Draw its graph. By observing the graph find the quantity of milk in the mixture.
[Hint: Ratio between mixture and milk = 5 + 2 : 5 = 7 : 5]
32. In countries like USA and Canada temperature is measured in Fahrenheit where as in countries like
India, it is measured in Celsius. Here is a linear equation that converts Fahrenheit to Celsius
⎛ 9⎞
F = ⎜ ⎟ C + 32
⎝ 5⎠
i) Draw the graph of the above linear equation having Celsius on x-axis and Fahrenheit on Y-axis.
ii) If the temperature is 30°C, what is the temperature in Fahrenheit?
iii) If the temperature is 95°F, what is the temperature in Celsius?
iv) Is there a temperature that has numerically the same value in both Fahrenheit and Celsius? If
yes find it?
33. Give the graphical representation of the following equation.
a) On the number line and
b) On the Cartesian plane
i) x = 3 ii) y + 3 = 0 iii) y = 4 iv) 2x – 9 = 0
v) 3x + 5 = 0
34. Give the graphical representation of 2x – 11= 0 as an equation in
i) one variable ii) two variables
35. Solve the equation 3x + 2 = 8x – 8 and represent the solution on
i) the number line ii) the Cartesian plane

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Take a graph paper, plot the point (2, 4) and draw a line passing through it. Now answer the
following questions.
i) Can you draw another line that passes through the point (2, 4).
ii) How many such line can be draw?
iii) How many linear equations in two variables exist for which (2, 4) is a solution?

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
7 TRIANGLES
MIND MAPPING

Triangles

Congruency of
Properties of Congruency of Inequalities of
triangles & axioms triangles axioms (SSS, RHS) triangles
(SAS,ASA)

Exercise-7.1 Exercise-7.2 Exercise-7.3 Exercise-7.4

SELF ACCESS
1. The sum of three angles in a triangle = 2. 2(1 + y) – 3y =

C l
B P

O
3. In , ΔAOD ≅ 4. In , ΔPCA ≅
A A C B
D

L R
D C
m
4c

4c

ΔMNL ≅ , ΔABC ≅
m

5. From 80° 80° , 6. In

M 3cm N S 3cm T A B

B C
D A
M
7. In , ΔAMC ≅ 8. In O , ΔOBC ≅
B C
D A

E F
9. In A B , ΔABC ≅ 10. In , ΔBED ≅
B D C

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
SYNOPSIS :
Ø Sides decide size and angle decide shapes.
Ø Figures which are identical i.e.having same shape and same size are called congruent figures.
Ø Two triangles are congruent if the sides of one triangle are equal to the sides of another triangle and
the corresponding angles in the two triangles are equal. If two squares are congruent if the sides,
angles, diagonals of one square respectively equal to the sides, angles, diagonals of the other square.
Also, there is a one-one correspondence between the vertices.
Ø In congruent triangles corresponding parts are equal and we write in short ‘CPCT’ for corresponding
parts of congruent triangles.
Ø SAS congruence rule : Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are equal to the corresponding two sides and the included angle of the other triangle.
A P

Ex : where Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR

B C Q R
Ø ASA congruence rule : Two triangles are congruent if two angles and the included side of one
triangle are equal to the corresponding two angles and the included side of other triangle.
A P

Ex : where Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR

B C Q R
Ø SSS congruence rule : If three sides of one triangle are equal to the corresponding three sides of
another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
A P

Ex : where Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR

B C Q R
Ø RHS congruence rule : If in two right triangles the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle are equal
to the hypotenuse and corresponding side of the other triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
A P

Ex : where Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR

B C Q R

Remember
. Three independent elements are needed to make a unique triangle.
. Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal. Conversely, sides opposite to equal
angles of a triangle are equal.
. If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the angle opposite to the longer side is larger.
. In any triangle, the side opposite to the larger angle is longer.
. The sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. If the lengths of two line segments are equal, then they are [ ]
a) only similar b) non-congruent c) congruent d) unequal
2. The two figures are said to be congruent, if they have [ ]
a) same shape b) same size c) same areas d) all
3. If two circles are congruent, then they are having [ ]
a) same radii b) same centres c) same areas d) both a, c
4. The number of independent measurements required to draw a triangle is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
5. The sum of three angles in a triangle is equal to [ ]
a) Three right angles b) Two right angles c) Four right angles d) One right angle
6. The sizes of the figures are decided by [ ]
a) angles b) sides c) vertices d) none
7. The shape of the figures are decided by [ ]
a) sides b) vertices c) angles d) all
8. If Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = AC, then [ ]
a) A = B b) B = C c) A = C d) A = B = C

9. In Δ PQR, if P = Q , then [ ]
a) PQ = QR b) PQ = RP c) RP = QR d) all

10. If in Δ ABC, the mid points of equal sides AB and AC are E and F respectively, then [ ]
a) BE = CF b) BC = EF c) BF = CE d) both a, c
11. If in an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC and D, E are points on BC such that BE = CD, then AD =
a) AB b) AC c) BC d) AE [ ]

12. In Δ ABC, if AB > AC , then [ ]

a) C < B b) C = B c) B < C d) C > B

13. In Δ PQR, if PQ < QR , then [ ]

a) R = P b) R < P c) R > P d) Q < R

14. In Δ PQR, if P > Q , then [ ]

a) QR = PR b) PR < QR c) PR > QR d) QR > PR

15. In Δ PQR, if PQ = 6 cm, QR = 8 cm and RP = 5 cm, then the greatest angle is [ ]

a) Q b) R c) P d) both a, b

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
16. In Δ XYZ, if XY = 4 cm, YZ = 5 cm and XZ = 6 cm, then the smallest angle is [ ]
a) X b) Z c) Y d) both a, c

17. In Δ DEF, if D = 40°, E = 60°, F = 80°, then the smallest side is [ ]

a) DE b) EF c) FD d) all

18. In Δ PVR, if P = 100°, V = 30° and R = 50°, then the longest side is [ ]
a) PV b) VR c) PR d) both a, c
19. If two sides of a triangle are unequal, then the angle opposite to the longest side is [ ]
a) smaller b) equal c) larger d) none
20. Among the following, a correct statement in Δ ABC is [ ]
a) AB + BC < AC b) BC + AC < AB c) AC + AB > BC d) AB + BC = AC
21. Among the following, a correct statement in Δ XYZ is [ ]
a) XY − YZ = XZ b) XZ – YZ > XY c) XZ − XY > YZ d) XY − YZ < XZ
22. If the sum of two angles of a triangle is equal to the third angle, then it is [ ]
a) acute angled triangle b) obtuse angled triangle
c) equilateral triangle d) right angled triangle
23. In the congruent triangles the correspondence between the vertices is [ ]
a) one to many b) many to one c) one to one d) none
24. If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the two sides and the included angle of
the other triangle, then the two triangles are [ ]
a) congruent b) similar c) not similar d) both a, b
25. Among two triangles, if any two pairs of angles and one pair of corresponding sides are equal, then
the two triangles are [ ]
a) not congruent b) congruent c) similar d) both b, c
26. From the adjacent figures, Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF w.r.t the axiom of [ ]
a) S.A.S. A D
b) S.S.S.
c) A.S.A.
d) R.H.S. B C E F
27. From the adjacent figures, Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR w.r.t the axiom of [ ]
a) S.S.S. A P
b) A.A.A.
c) R.H.S.
d) S.A.S.
B C Q R
28. From the adjacent figures, Δ ABC ≅ Δ PQR w.r.t the axiom of [ ]
a) S.S.S. A P
b) A.S.A.
c) S.A.S.
d) R.H.S. B C Q R
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
29. From the adjacent figures, Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF w.r.t the axiom of [ ]
a) S.S.S. A D
b) A.S.A
c) S.A.S.
d) R.H.S. B C E F
30. In a right angled triangle the side opposite to the right angle is [ ]
a) diagonal b) median c) hypotenuse d) all
31. If the diagonals of two squares are equal, then the two squares are [ ]
a) equal in area b) congruent c) not equal d) both a, b
32. In a quadrilateral ABCD, if AB = CD and BC = AD, then Δ ABC ≅ [ ]
a) Δ ADC b) Δ ACB c) Δ CDA d) Δ CAB

II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.

i) Group - A Group - B
1) In Δ ABC, if AC > AB, then [ ] A) BC
2) AB + AC > [ ] B) C
3) If B = 70°, C = 80° then the greatest side is [ ] C) AC
4) If AB = 8 cm, BC = 7cm and CA = 6.5 cm, [ ] D) B > C
then the greatest angle is
5) If B = 90°, then the hypotenuse is [ ] E) AB
ii) Group - A Group - B
1) Two line segments are congruent, if [ ] A) SAS congruence rule
2) Two squares are congruent, if [ ] B) ASA congruence rule
3) If AB = DE, BC = EF, B = E , then [ ] C) hypotenuse
Δ ABC ≅ Δ DEF
4) If XY = PQ, X = P and Y = Q, then [ ] D) the length of their diagonals are
equal Δ XYZ ≅ Δ PQR
5) The perpendicular drawn from a vertex to its [ ] E) their lengths are equal
opposite side is
6) In a right angled triangle the side opposite to [ ] F) 60°
right angle is
7) Two circles are congruent, if [ ] G) altitude
8) Each angle in an equilateral triangle is [ ] H) S.S.S congruence rule
9) The greatest angle in a right angled triangle is [ ] I) their radii are equal
10) In an isosceles right angled triangle the [ ] J) 45°
measure of each equal angles K) 50°
L) 90°
M) 100°
N) median

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem Solving
1. In quadrilateral ACBD, AC = AD and AB bisects ∠ A Show that ΔABC ≅ ΔABD.
What can you say about BC and BD?
C

A B

D
2. ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠ DAB = ∠ CBA Prove that
i) ΔABD ≅ ΔBAC A
D
ii) BD = AC
iii) ∠ ABD = ∠ BAC B

C
3. In right triangle ABC, right angle is at C, M is the mid-point of hypotenuse AB. C is joined to M and
produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Point D is joined to point B (see figure). Show that :
i) ΔAMC ≅ ΔBMD D A
ii) ∠ DBC is a right angle
iii) ΔDBC ≅ ΔACB
M
1 C
iv) CM = AB B
D
2 C
P
4. In the adjacent figure ABCD is a square and Δ APB is an equilateral triangle.
Prove that ΔAPD ≅ ΔBPC.
(Hint : In Δ APD and Δ BPC, AD = BC, AP = BP
A B
and ∠ PAD = ∠ PBC = 90o – 60o = 30o] P Q
5. In the adjacent figure ΔABC is isosceles as AB = AC, BA
and CA are produced to Q and P such that AQ = AP .
Show that PB = QC .(Hint : Compare Δ APB and Δ ACQ) B C
6. In the adjacent figure ΔABC, D is the midpoint of BC. DE ⊥ AB, DF ⊥ AC and DE = DF. Show
that Δ BED ≅ Δ CFD.
A

E F
B D C
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
7. If the bisector of an angle of a triangle also bisects the opposite side, prove that the triangle is isosceles.
A
8. In the given figure ABC is a right triangle and right angled at B such that
∠ BCA = 2 ∠ BAC. Show that hypotenuse AC = 2BC.
(Hint : Produce CB to a point D that BC = BD)
C B A
9. In an isosceles triangle ABC, with AB = AC, the bisectors of
∠ B and ∠ C intersect each other at O. Join A to O.
Show that : i) OB = OC ii) AO bisects ∠ A B C
10. In ΔABC, AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC (See adjacent figure). Show that ΔABC is an
isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. A

B C A
D

11. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitudes BD and CE E D

are drawn to equal sides AC and AB respectively (see figure)
Show that these altitudes are equal. B C
12. ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BD and CE to sides AC A
and AB are equal (see figure).
Show that i) Δ ABD ≅ Δ ACE E D
ii) AB = AC i.e., ABC is an isosceles triangle.
B C
13. Δ ABC and Δ DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base
BC (see figure). Show that ∠ ABD = ∠ ACD. A

B C

D
14. AD is an altitude of an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC. Show that, (i) AD bisects BC
(ii) AD bisects ∠ A.
A P
15. Two sides AB, BC and median AM of one triangle
ABC are respectively equal to sides PQ and QR and median
PN of Δ PQR (See figure). Show that:
i) ΔABM ≅ ΔPQN ii) ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR B M C Q N R
II. Reasoning & Proof
16. If two sides of a triangle measure 4cm and 6cm find all possible measurements (positive integers) of
the third side. How many distinct triangles can be obtained?
17. Try to construct a triangle with 5cm, 8cm and 1cm. Is it possible or not? Why? Give your justification?

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
III. Connections
18. BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC. Using RHS congruence rule, prove that the
triangle ABC is isosceles.
19. Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. Show that ∠ B = ∠ C.
(Hint : Draw AP ⊥ BC) (Using RHS congruence rule)
20. Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. Side BA is produced to D such that AD = AB
(see figure). Show that ∠ BCD is a right angle.
D

B C
21. ABC is a right angled triangle in which ∠ A = 90° and AB = AC. Show that ∠ B = ∠ C.
22. Show that the angles of an equilateral triangle are 60° each.
23. Show that in a right angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the longest side.

24. In adjacent figure, sides AB and AC of ΔABC are extended to points A

P and Q respectively. Also, ∠ PBC < ∠ QCB. Show that AC > AB.
B C
IV. Representation P Q
25. AD and BC are equal and perpendiculars to a line segment AB. Show that CD bisects AB.
B C

O
D A
p q
l
26. l and m are two parallel lines intersected by another pair A D
m
of parallel lines p and q . Show that ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA B C

27. In the adjacent figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and ∠ BAD = ∠ EAC. Show that BC = DE.
E

B D C

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes

28. In adjacent figure, ∠ B < ∠ A and ∠ C < ∠ D. Show that AD < BC.
B D
O
A
C
29. AB and CD are respectively the smallest and longest sides of a quadrilateral ABCD (see adjacent
figure). Show that ∠ A > ∠ C and ∠ B > ∠ D.
D
A

B C

30. In adjacent figure, PR > PQ and PS bisects ∠ QPR. Prove that ∠ PSR > ∠ PSQ.

Q S R

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Construct a scalene triangle ABC. Measure that lengths of the sides. Now measure that angles.
What do you observe?
2. Draw a line - segment AB. With A as centre and some radius, draw an arc and mark different points
say P, Q, R, S, T on it. Join each of these points with A as well as with B. Observe that as we move
from P to T, ∠A is becoming larger and larger. What is happening to the length of the side opposite
to it?

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
8 QUADRILATERALS
MIND MAPPING

Quadrilaterals

Properties of Diagonals of a The mid point

Quadrilaterals Parallelogram and parallelogram &
its properties theorem
& Different types Geometrical of triangle
of Quadrilaterals statements

Exercise-8.1 Exercise-8.2 Exercise-8.3 Exercise-8.4

SELF ACCESS
3
1. The sum of the angles in a quadrilateral = 2. × 360° =
10
4
3. × 360° = 4. (3 × 25) – 2 =
10
A
KKKH B
5. From the adjacent figure OB is a bisector of ∠AOC , then ∠AOB = O
60°C

Q
R
6. From the adjacent figure, PR is bisector and ∠RPS = 40°, then ∠QPS = P
S

7. If ABCD is a rhombus and the diagonals in the rhombus intersect at 'O', then ∠BOC =
8. In a parallelgram ABCD, if ∠A = 60° , then ∠B =
D C
9. In a parallelgram ABCD, if ∠C = 80°, then ∠A =
10. From the adjacent figure (AB, BC), (BC, CD) are called _____ sides.
11. From the adjacent figure, (AB, CD), (AD, BC) are called _____ sides. A B

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
SYNOPSIS :
Ø A closed figure which do not intersect except at their end point is called a simple closed figure.
Ø A simple closed figure bounded by four line segments in a plane is called a quadrilateral.
Ø In the figure ABCD is a quadrilateral.
C
D

A B
Ø The quadrilateral ABCD has four sides AB, BC, CD and DA, four vertices A, B, C and D.
Ø A , B , C and D are the four angles formed at the vertices.
Ø By joining the opposite vertices (A, C) and (B, D), two diagonals AC and BD are formed.

C
D

A B
Types of Quadrilaterals :
Ø Trapezium : A quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are parallel is called a trapezium and
diagonals of a trapezium divides each other proportionally.
Isosceles Trapezium : If in a trapezium non parallel sides are equal, then the trapezium is an isosceles
trapezium.
In isosceles trapezium base angles are equal, length of diagonals are equal.
D C
Parallelogram : If both pairs of opposite sides of the quadrilateral are
parallel such a quadrilateral is called a parallelogram. A B
Rectangle : A parallelogram with one angle is a right angle is called a rectangle.
D C

A B A B
Rhombus : A parallelogram in which adjacent sides are equal is called a rhombus.
In Rhombus diagonals are perpendicular bisectors. D C

Square : A square is a rectangle with equal adjacent sides.

A B

D C

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Kite : In a quadrilateral, if the two pairs of adjacent sides are equal but opposite sides are unequal,
then it is called a kite.
A
In a kite diagonals are perpendicular to each other.
Properties of a Parallelogram B D
O
1) Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
2) In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal.
C
3) The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
4) The sum of any two consecutive angles of a parallelogram is equal to 180°.
5) The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Remember
F The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360° (or) 4 right angles, i.e.., A + B + C + D = 360°.
F In a rectangle each angle is a right angle.
F The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other.
F The length of the diagonals of a rectangle are equal
F The angle bisectors of a parallelogram form a rectangle.
F The diagonals of a square are equal and right bisectors to each other.
F The diagonals of a rhombus divide it into four congruent triangles.
F The line segment joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and also
half of it.
F The line drawn through the midpoint of one of the sides of a triangle and parallel to another side will
bisect the third side.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER :
1. The number of vertices in a quadrilateral is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
2. The number of diagonals in a quadrilateral is [ ]
a) 1 b) 0 c) infinite d) 2
3. The number of interior angles in a quadrilateral is [ ]
a) 5 b) 6 c) 4 d) infinite
4. The sum of the four angles in a quadrilateral is [ ]
a) 2 right angles b) 3 right angles c) 5 right angles d) 4 right angles
5. The quadrilateral in which all the four sides are equal is [ ]
a) a rectangle b) a parallelogram c) a square d) a trapezium

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
6. The geometrical figure obtained by joining three non-collinear points in pairs is [ ]
a) a circle b) a quadrilateral c) a triangle d) a line
7. A simple closed figure bounded by four line segments is called [ ]
a) a quadrilateral b) an angle c) a triangle d) a circle
8. The line segment joining the opposite vertices of a quadrilateral is called [ ]
a) a median b) an altitude c) a diagonal d) a tangent
9. If three angles of a quadrilateral are 65°, 95° and 80°, then the fourth angle is [ ]
a) 90° b) 95° c) 105° d) 120°
10. If one of the angle of a quadrilateral is 120° and the remaining three angles are equal, then the
measure of each angle is [ ]
a) 240° b) 60° c) 40° d) 80°
11. In a parallelogram PQRS, if P = 90°, then it is a [ ]
a) square b) kite c) trapezium d) rectangle
12. In a parallelogram each pair of opposite sides are [ ]
a) parallel b) equal c) perpendicular d) both a, b

13. In a parallelogram ABCD, A – C = [ ]

a) 100° b) 90° c) 180° d) 0°
14. The sum of the consecutive angles in a parallelogram is [ ]
a) 360° b) 270° c) 200° d) 180°
15. In a parallelogram ABCD, if A = 50°, then the remaining angles respectively are [ ]
a) 40°, 140°, 140° b) 130°, 50°, 130° c) 50°, 130°, 130° d) 140°, 40°, 140°
16. In a parallelogram the diagonal divides it into [ ]
a) two congruent triangles b) two triangles with equal areas
c) two equilateral triangles d) both a, b
17. The angle bisectors of a parallelogram forms a [ ]
a) square b) rhombus c) rectangle d) both a, b
18. In a parallelogram ABCD, if the diagonal AC bisects the angle A, then ABCD is [ ]
a) a rectangle b) a square c) a rhombus d) a trapezium
19. If the two sides of a parallelogram are 4.5 cm and 3 cm, then its perimeter is [ ]
a) 13.5 cm b) 7.5 cm c) 18 cm d) 15 cm

20. In a parallelogram ABCD, if the bisectors of the consecutive angles A and B intersect at P, then
APB = [ ]
a) 45° b) 60° c) 180° d) 90°

21. In a parallelogram ABCD, if A = 80°, then D = [ ]

a) 180° b) 100° c) 60° d) 90°

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
22. In a rectangle the length of one diagonal is 15 cm, then the length of other diagonal is [ ]
a) 7.5 cm b) 30 cm c) 15 cm d) 22.5 cm
23. The measure of each angle in a rectangle is [ ]
a) obtuse angle b) acute angle c) right angle d) reflex angle
24. The lengths of opposite sides are equal in [ ]
a) a trapezium b) a rectangle c) a parallelogram d) both b, c
25. The incorrect statement in a rectangle ABCD is [ ]
a) AB = CD b) AC = BD c) B = D d) AB = BC
26. All rectangles are parallelograms but all parallelograms are not [ ]
a) squares b) rectangle c) rhombus d) all
27. The measure of each angle in a square is [ ]
a) 100° b) 180° c) 90° d) 110°
28. The correct statement in a square PQRS is [ ]
a) PR = QS b) PS = QR c) P + R = 180° d) all
29. In a square each pair of adjacent sides are [ ]
a) parallel b) perpendicular c) unequal d) both a, c
30. In a square the length of diagonal is ___________________ times of its side. [ ]
a) 2 b) 2 c) 1 d) 3

31. In ABCD square the diagonals intersecting at ‘O’, if OA = 9 cm, then AC = [ ]

a) 4.5 cm b) 9 cm c) 13.5 cm d) 18 cm
32. If one angle in a rhombus is 90°, then it is [ ]
a) a parallelogram b) a rectangle c) a kite d) a square
33. The diagonals of a rhombus are [ ]
a) equal length b) perpendicular c) bisect each other d) both b and c
34. Each square is a rhombus but every rhombus need not be a [ ]
a) square b) quadrilateral c) rectangle d) parallelogram

35. In a rhombus ABCD, if AB = 11 cm, then CD = [ ]

a) 5.5 cm b) 2 × AB – 11 cm c) 11 cm d) both b, c
36. The angle between the diagonals of a rhombus is [ ]
a) 100° b) 180° c) 75° d) 90°
37. The base angles of an Isosceles trapezium are [ ]
a) not equal b) equal c) can’t say d) none
38. The quadrilateral in which only one pair of opposite sides are parallel is [ ]
a) a parallelogram b) a rectangle c) a trapezium d) a square

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
39. If in a trapezium non parallel sides are equal, then the trapezium is called [ ]
a) isosceles trapezium b) parallelogram c) rhombus d) rectangle

40. In a trapezium ABCD, if AB || DC and D = x°, then A = [ ]

a) x – 180° b) 360° – x c) x – 360° d) 180° – x
41. In a trapezium the diagonals divides each other in [ ]
a) not in proportion b) proportion c) equal in area d) none
42. The two pairs of adjacent sides are equal in [ ]
a) a trapezium b) an isosceles trapezium
c) a kite d) a parallelogram
43. In any quadrilateral the diagonals are [ ]
a) intersects each other b) bisects each other c) trisects each other d) none
44. If a transversal is intersecting two parallel lines at two different points, then the bisectors of the
interior angles form [ ]
a) a rectangle b) a rhombus c) a square d) a trapezium

45. If E, F are the mid points of the sides AB, AC of Δ ABC, then BC = [ ]
1
a) EF b) 2 EF c) EF d) none
2
46. The linesegment joining the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is ___________ to the third side
a) parallel and half of its b) parallel c) double d) 3 times [ ]
47. The line drawn through the mid point of one of the sides of a triangle and parallel to another side will
____________ the third side. [ ]
a) trisect b) bisect c) 5 times d) none

48. In Δ PQR, if A, B are the mid points of PQ, PR respectively such that QR = 10 cm, then AB =
a) 20 cm b) 10 cm c) 5 cm d) 15 cm [ ]
49. If the mid points of three sides of a triangle are joined, then the number of congruent triangles
thus formed is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 4
50. In Δ ABC, the lines parallel to BC, CA and AB are drawn through A,B,C respectively intersecting
at P, Q and R. If the perimeter of Δ ABC is 24 cm, then the perimeter of Δ PQR is [ ]
a) 24 cm b) 48cm c) 12 cm d) 8 cm
51. Among the following, an incorrect statement is [ ]
a) all parallelograms are quadrilaterals
b) all rectangles are parallelograms
c) all squares are rectangles
d) every rhombus is a square

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING :
i. Group - A Group - B
1) The diagonals bisect each other perpendicularly [ ] A) Square
but are not equal in
2) The diagonals bisect each other perpendicularly [ ] B) Parallelogram
and are equal in
3) The diagonals bisect each other and are not equal in [ ] C) Rectangle
4) The diagonals only bisect each other and are equal in [ ] D) Trapezium
5) The diagonals intersect but do not bisect each other in [ ] E) Rhombus
ii. Group - A Group - B
1) The quadrilateral in which all sides are equal but [ ] A) rectangle
all angles are not equal is
2) The quadrilateral in which all angles are equal but [ ] B) square
all sides are not equal is
3) The trapezium in which non-parallel sides are [ ] C) rhombus
equal is
4) The quadrilateral in which two pairs of adjacent [ ] D) isosceles trapezium
sides are equal is
5) The quadrilateral in which all the sides and all the [ ] E) kite
angles are equal is

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. The four angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1: 2:3:4. Find the measure of each angle of the
quadrilateral.
1
2. ABC is a triangle. D is a point on AB such that AD = AB and E is a point on AC such that
4
1
AE = AC. If DE = 2 cm find BC.
4
II. Reasoning and proof :
3. ABCD is trapezium in which AB || CD. If AD = BC, show that ∠A = ∠B and ∠C = ∠D .
4. ABCD is a rectangle AC is diagonal. Find the angles of Δ ACD. Give reasons.
5. In the adjacent figure ABCD is a parallelogram and ABEF is a rectangle show that ΔAFD ≅ ΔBEC.
F D E C

A B

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
1
6. In a quadrilateral ABCD, the bisector of ∠C and ∠D intersect at O. Prove that ∠COD = (∠A + ∠B)
2
7. In the adjacent figure ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of the side BC. If DE and AB
are produced to meet at F, show that AF = 2AB.

D C
E

A B F

8. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. AD bisects exterior angle QAC and CD || BA as
shown in the figure. Show that Q
i) ∠DAC = ∠BCA
A D
ii) ABCD is a parallelogram

B C
9. ABCD is a parallelogram AP and CQ are perpendiculars drawn from vertices A and C on diagonal
BD (see figure) show that D C
P
i) ΔAPB ≅ ΔCQD
Q
ii) AP = CQ A B
s
10. In Δ ABC and DEF, AB || DE; BC = EF and BC || EF. Vertices A, B and C are joined to vertices
D, E and F respectively (see figure). Show that
D
i) ABED is a parallelogram A
ii) BCFE is a parallelogram E
iii) AC = DF B F
C
iv) ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
11. ABCD is a parallelogram. AC and BD are the diagonals intersect at O. P and Q are the points of tri
section of the diagonal BD. Prove that CQ || AP and also AC bisects PQ (see figure).
D Q C
O
P
A B
12. ABCD is a square. E, F, G and H are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Such that
AE = BF = CG = DH. Prove that EFGH is a square.
13. ABCD is quadrilateral E, F, G and H are the midpoints of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Prove
that EFGH is a parallelogram.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
14. ABC is a triangle right angled at C. A line through the midpoint M of hypotenuse AB and Parallel to
BC intersects AC at D. Show that
A
i) D is the midpoint of AC
ii) MD ⊥ AC
D M
1
iii) CM = MA = AB .
2
C B
III. Connection :
15. Complete the following table by writing (YES) if the property holds for the particular Quadrilateral
and (NO) if property does not holds.
Properties Trapezium Parallelogram Rhombus Rectangle Square
a) One pair of opposite YES
sides are parallel
b) Two pairs of opposite
sides are parallel
c) Opposite sides are equal

d) Opposite angles are equal

e) Consecutive angles
are supplementary
f) Diagonals
bisect each other

g) Diagonals are equal

h) All sides are equal

i) Each angle is a right angle

j) Diagonals are
perpendicular to other.
16. Show that the diagonals of a rhombus divide it into four congruent triangles.
17. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x – 2)o and (x + 48)o. Find the measure of each angle of
the parallelogram.
18. Find the measure of all the angles of a parallelogram, if one angle is 24o less than the twice of the
smallest angle.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
IV. Communication :
19. State whether the statements are True or False.
i) Every parallelogram is a trapezium [ ]
ii) All parallelograms are quadrilaterals [ ]
iii) All trapeziums are parallelograms [ ]
iv) A square is a rhombus [ ]
v) Every rhombus is a square [ ]
vi) All parallelograms are rectangles [ ]

V. Representation :
20. In the adjacent figure ABCD is a parallelogram P, Q are the midpoints of sides AB and DC
respectively. Show that PBCQ is also a parallelogram.

D Q C

A P B

21. Show that the figure formed by joining the midpoints of sides of a rhombus successively is a rectangle.
22. In a parallelogram ABCD, E and F are the midpoints of the sides AB and DC respectively. Show
that the line segments AF and EC trisect the diagonal BD.

D C

P
Q

A E B

23. Show that the line segments joining the midpoints of the opposite sides of a quadrilateral and bisect
each other.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Show that the disgonals of a rhombus divide it into four congruent triangles by an activity.
2. Cut - out a parallelogram from a sheet a paper again and cut along one of its diagonal. What kind of
shapes you obtain? What can you say about these triangles?

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
9 STATISTICS
MIND MAPPING

Statistics

Collection of Measures of
Data & Representation Central Tendency
of Data (Mean, Median & Mode)

Exercise-9.1 Exercise-9.2

SELF ACCESS
1. 99.2 – 84.9 = 2. If 8A – 7.5A = 315 – 306, then A =
10 + 12 + 18 + 13 + p + 17 755
3. If 15 = , then p = 4. =
6 50
2154
5. 1250 + 2210 + 2850 + 3600 + 5170 + 1920 = 6. =
6
7533 2571
7. = 8. =
9 145
14652 46 + x + x
9. = 10. If 40 = , then x =
33 3
12000 760
11. = 12. =
150 50
307 298
13. = 14. =
5 5
306 + 8 A 622
15. If 7.5 = , then A = 16. =
42 + A 40
1336 1620
17. = 18. =
40 30
49 + 50 39 + 40
19. = 20. =
2 2

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
SYNOPSIS :

Ø The facts or figures which are numerical (or) otherwise collected with a definite purpose are called
data.
Ø Extraction of meaning from the data is studied in a branch of mathematics is called statistics.
Ø The information was collected by the investigator with a definite objective, the data obtained is called
primary data.
Ø The information collected from a source, which had already been recorded, say from registers is
called secondary data.
Ø The difference between the minimum and maximum marks is called the range of given data.
Ø The sum of all frequencies in the table gives the total number of observations of the data.
Ø The representation of the data with actual observations with their frequencies, in a table is called
“ungrouped frequency distribution table” (or) “table of weighted observations”.
Ø The data is divided into convenient and small groups called classes (or) class intervals.
Ø In the class interval 40 – 50, the lower limit is 40 and the upper limit is 50.
Ø The size of the class is called length of the class (or) class width, in the class 50 – 59 the length of the
class is 10.
Ø The class intervals like 1 – 10, 11 – 20, 21 – 30 .... are called inclusive class intervals due to both
lower and upper limits of a particular class belong to that particular class interval.
Ø The class intervals like 0 – 10, 10 – 20, 20 – 30 ... are called exclusive class intervals due to only
lower limit of a particular class belongs to that class.
Ø The difference between the upper and the lower boundaries of a class is called length of the class
interval i.e., the length of class interval of 90 – 99 is 99.5 – 89.5 = 10.
Ø The nature of the data and its purpose will be the criteria to go for average or median or mode among
the measures of central tendency.
Ø A measure of central tendency is a typical value of the data around which other observations
congregate.
Ø Mean is the sum of observations of a data divided by the number of observations.
∑ xi , where x , x , x
()
Mean x =
Sum of observations
Number of observations
=
n 1 2 3 ..... are observations.

th
⎛ n+ 1⎞
Ø If the data has ‘n’ number of observations and if ‘n’ is odd, then the median is ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
observation.

th th
⎛ n⎞ ⎛n ⎞
Ø If ‘n’ is even, then the median is the average of ⎜ ⎟ and ⎜ + 1⎟ observations.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
Ø Median divides the data into two groups of equal number, one part comprising all values greater than
the median and the other comprising all values less than the median.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Ø Mode is the value of the observation that occurs most frequently i.e., an observation with the maximum
frequency is called mode.
Mean of ungrouped frequency distribution :- If observations are x1, x2, x3....... xn and corresponding
frequencies are f1, f2, f3....... fn then the mean
f1 x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + .... + fn xn
x= f1 + f2 + f3 + .... + fn

x=
∑ fi xi
∑ fi
Mean of ungrouped frequency distribution by Deviation method is

Mean x = A +
∑ fi di
∑ fi
Remember
F The tally marks are useful in tabulating the raw data.
F Median is the middle observation of a given raw data, when it is arranged in an order of ascending or
descending.
F If the observations are shifted by the same amount, the measures of central tendency (mean, median,
mode) are all shifted by the same amount.
F If the observations are affected by the same multiplicative values, the measures of central tendency
(mean, mediam, mode) will also be affected similarly.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

1. The father of Statistics is [ ]
a) Sir Ronald Fisher b) Newton c) Cantor d) None
2. The difference of lower limits of two succeeding classes is called [ ]
a) range b) class interval c) mid value d) cumulative frequency
3. The number of values in a class interval is called [ ]
a) mid value b) frequency c) range d) cumulative frequency
4. The range of the first 9 natural numbers is [ ]
a) 9 b) 8 c) 0 d) 7
5. The range of the scores 10, 18, 15, 12, 13, 15 and 16 is [ ]
a) 15 b) 8 c) 10 d) 8.5
6. The class interval of the classes 1 – 10, 11 - 20 are [ ]
a) 1 b) 10 c) 9 d) 5.5

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
7. 1 – 10, 11 – 20, 21 – 30, .... are the classes. The lower limit of the class 11 – 20 is [ ]
a) 11 b) 10 c) 20 d) 10.5
8. In a frequency distribution with classes 1 – 8, 9 – 16, 17 – 24, ..... the class interval is [ ]
a) 8 b) 9 c) 7 d) 3
9. The class mark of the class 35 – 45 is [ ]
a) 40 b) 10 c) 35 d) 45
10. The branch of mathematics which deals with collection, classification and interpretation of data is
called
a) calculus b) algebra c) geometry d) statistics [ ]
11. The most stable of all the measures of central tendency is [ ]
a) median b) mean c) mode d) range
12. The most common and widely used measure of central tendency is [ ]
a) Mode b) Median c) A.M c) Range
13. The arithmetic mean of items x1, x2, .... xn is generally denoted by the letter [ ]
a) x b) X c) Y d) all
14. The arithmetic mean of a + 2, a and a – 2 is [ ]
a) a + 2 b) a c) a – 2 d) 3a
15. The A.M of the first n natural numbers [ ]
n n +1
a) n b) n + 1 c) d)
2 2
16. The sum of all the deviations of Arithmetic mean is [ ]
a) maximum b) minimum c) 0 d) a negative number
17. The A.M of a – 3d, a – d, a + d and a + 3d is [ ]
a) a b) d c) 2a d) 2d
18. The A.M of a data is 10. Each observation of the data is multiplied by 2 and 3 is added to the
products. A.M of the results obtained is [ ]
a) 23 b) 32 c) 20 d) 17
19. If the A.M of 12, 15, x, 19, 25, 44 is 25 then x = [ ]
a) 20 b) 25 c) 30 d) 35
20. The measure of central tendency in which every value in the data is considered [ ]
a) arithmetic mean b) median c) mode d) range
21. The arithmetic mean of first ‘n’ even natural numbers is [ ]
n(n + 1)
a) n(n + 1) b) c) n d) n + 1
2
22. If the mean of 10 numbers is 7 and mean of 15 numbers is 12, then the combined mean is [ ]
a) 7 b) 12 c) 10 d) 15

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
23. The average of 13 scores is 8. If one of the scores 20 is deleted from them, then the average of the
remaining scores is [ ]
a) 10 b) 11 c) 12 d) 7
24. The deviation of 47.5 from 17.5 is [ ]
a) 0 b) 0.5 c) 30 d) –30
25. The mean of 100 observations is 45. If it was later found that two observations 19 and 31 were
incorrectly recarded as 91 and 13. The correct mean is [ ]
a) 43.64 b) 44.46 c) 45.63 d) 44.64
26. The mean of the squares of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, ........., n is [ ]

( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n +1 n ( 2n + 1)
a) b) n(n + 1) c) d)
6 2 6

27. If the mean of x1, x2, x3, ........xn is x ,then the mean of (2x1 + 3), (2x2 + 3),........,(2xn + 3) is
a) x b) 2 x c) 2 x – 3 d) 2 x + 3 [ ]
28. The A.M. of 30 students is 42. Among them two got zero marks, then A.M. of remaining students is
a) 40 b) 42 c) 45 d) 28 [ ]
29. The formula for A.M in deviation method is [ ]

a) A +
∑ fd i i
b)
∑fx i i
c)
∑fx i i
d) all
∑f i n N

30. The Arithmetic Mean of a statistical data is defined as the __________ by the total number of items.
a) sum b) difference [ ]
c) product d) quotient of sum of all the observation value
31. If the entries x1, x2, x3, ... xn, occur f1, f2 ... fn times respectively, then arithmatic mean of the data is
n

∑x ∑fx i i
i i =1
a) b) n c) both a, b d) none [ ]
n
∑f i
i =1

32. The mean of 10 observations is 16.3. By an error, one observation is registered as 32 instead of 23,
then the corrected mean is [ ]
a) 15.4 b) 16 c) 15.75 d) 16.5
33. In A.M. by deviation method the sum of 12 observations is 240, then mean = [ ]
a) 24 b) 20 c) 12 d) 18
34. If the mean of the five observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6 and x + 8 is 11, then mean of the first three
observations is [ ]
a) 8 b) 9 c) 11 d) 10.5

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35. For dealing with qualitative data the best measuring central tendency is [ ]
a) mean b) median c) mode d) range
36. The median of an ungrouped data is 15. Then one observation is changed from 20 to 25. The median
now is [ ]
a) 20 b) 10 c) 15 d) 25
37. The cumulative frequencies are used to measure the [ ]
a) mode b) median c) A.M d) none
38. For an ungrouped data to compute Median, the values of the variate are arragned in [ ]
a) ascending order b) descending order c) any order d) a or b
39. The median of first eight prime numbers is [ ]
a) 7 b) 9 c) 11 d) 13
40. In the given data, if l = 125, n = 68, cf = 22, f = 20 and h = 20, then the median is [ ]
a) 127 b) 134 c) 139 d) 137
41. The greater than cumulative frequency of a class is 83 and that of the next class is 72, then the
frequency of that class is [ ]
a) 11 b) 12.5 c) 16 d) 10.5

x x x 2x
42. If the median of the data , , , , x (x > 0) is 5, then x = [ ]
3 2 4 9
a) 12 b) 15 c) 14 d) 9
43. The observation of an ungrouped data in their ascending order are 10, 12, x, 20, 26. If the median is
18, then x = [ ]
a) 18 b) 12 c) 16 d) 25
44. The observation of a data arranged in ascending order are 12, 15, x, 19, 25 and their median is 18,
then the value of x is [ ]
a) 12 b) 15 c) 18 d) 15.5
45. In a data the most often repeated value is called [ ]
a) mean b) median c) mode d) range
46. If a data has a unique mode, then it is called [ ]
a) unimodal b) bimodal c) can’t say d) all
47. If a data has two modes, then it is called [ ]
a) unimode b) bimodal c) can’t say d) none
48. The mode, median is not affected by the [ ]
a) extreme values b) mid values c) first five values d) none
49. The mode of the data 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 is [ ]
a) 28 b) 32 c) 24 d) does not exist

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
50. Mode from the following data is [ ]
x 5 10 15 20 25
f 7 12 20 16 4
a) 10 b) 25 c) 20 d) 15
51. The mode of a data in which no two observations are equal is [ ]
a) unimode b) bimodal c) both a, b d) doesn’t exit

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. Weights of parcels in a transport office are given below.
Weight (kg) 50 65 75 90 110 120
No of parcels 25 34 38 40 47 16
Find the mean weight of the parcels.
2. Number of families in a village in correspondence with the number of children are given below:
No. of children 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of families 11 25 32 10 5 1
Find the mean number of children per family.
3. Number of villages with respect to their population as per India census 2011 are given below.
Population (in thousands) 12 5 30 20 15 8
Villages 20 15 32 35 36 7
Find the average population in each village.
4. AFLATOUN social and financial educational program initiated savings program among the high school
children in Hyderabad district. Mandal wise savings in a month are given in the following table.
Mandal No. of schools Total amount saved (in rupees)
Amberpet 6 2154
Thirumalgiri 6 2478
Saidabad 5 975
Khairathabad 4 912
Secundrabad 3 600
Bahadurpura 9 7533
Find arithmetic mean of school wise savings in each mandal. Also find the arithmetic mean of saving
of all schools.
II. Connection :
5. The electricity bills (in rupees) of 25 houses in a locality are given below. Construct a grouped
frequency distribution table with a class size of 75.
170, 212, 252, 225, 310, 712, 412, 425, 322, 325, 192, 198, 230, 320, 412,
530, 602, 724, 370, 402, 317, 403, 405, 372, 413

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6. The heights of boys and girls of IX class of a school are given below.
Height (cm) 135 140 147 152 155 160
Boys 2 5 12 10 7 1
Girls 1 2 10 5 6 5
Compare the heights of the boys and girls
[Hint : Find median heights of boys and girls]
7. If the mean of the following frequency distribution is 7.2 find value of ‘K’.
x 2 4 6 8 10 12
f 4 7 10 16 K 3
8. A company manufactures car batteries of a particular type. The life (in years) of 40 batteries were
recorded as follows:
2.6 3.0 3.7 3.2 2.2 4.1 3.5 4.5
3.5 2.3 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.2 4.6 3.7
2.5 4.4 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.0 4.3 2.8
3.5 3.2 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.4
4.6 3.8 3.2 2.6 3.5 4.2 2.9 3.6
Construct a grouped frequency distribution table with exclusive classes for this data, using class
intervals of size 0.5 starting from the interval 2 – 2.5.
9. Centuries scored and number of cricketers in the world are given below.
No. of centuries 5 10 15 20 25
No. of cricketers 56 23 39 13 8
Find the mean, median and mode of the given data.
10. On the occasion of New year’s day a sweet stall prepared sweet packets. Number of sweet packets
and cost of each packet are given as follows.
Cost of packet (in <) <25 <50 <75 <100 <125 < 150

No. of packets 20 36 32 29 22 11

Find the mean, median and mode of the data.

11. The mean (average) weight of three students is 40 kg. One of the students Ranga weighs 46 kg. The
other two students, Rahim and Reshma have the same weight. Find Rahims weight.
12. There are four unknown numbers. The mean of the first two numbers is 4 and the mean of the first
three is 9. The mean of all four number is 15, if one of the four number is 2 find the other numbers.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
13. The donations given to an orphanage home by the students of different classes of a secondary school
are given below.
Class Donation by No. of students
each student (in <) donated
VI 5 15
VII 7 15
VIII 10 20
IX 15 16
X 20 14
Find the mean, median and mode of the data.
III. Communication :
14. Identify the scale used on the axes of the adjacent graph. Write the frequency distribution from it.

90

80

70
Number of students

60

50

40

30

20

10
X
II Class

III Class
I Class

2
VClass
VI Class
IVClass

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IV. Representation :
15. Write the mark wise frequencies in the following frequency distribution table.
Marks Up to 5 Up to 6 Up to 7 Up to 8 Up to 9 Up to10
No. of students 5 11 19 31 40 45

16. The blood groups of 36 students of IX class are recorded as follows.

A O A O A B O A B A B O
B O B O O A B O B AB O A
O O O A AB O A B O A O B
Represent the data in the form of a frequency distribution table. Which is the most common and
which is the rarest blood group among these students?

17. Three coins were tossed 30 times simultaneously. Each time the number of heads occurring was
noted down as follows;
1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 0 3 2 1
2 2 1 1 2 3 2 0 3 0 1 2
3 2 2 3 1 1
Prepare a frequency distribution table for the data given above.

18. A TV channel organized a SMS (Short Message Service) poll on prohibition on smoking, giving
options like A – complete prohibition, B – prohibition in public places only, C – not necessary. SMS
results in one hour were A B A B C B
A B B A C C B B A B
B A B C B A B C B A
B B A B B C B A B A
B C B B A B C B B A
B B A B B A B C B A
B B A B C A B B A

Represent the above data as grouped frequency distribution table. How many appropriate answers
were received? What was the majority of peoples’ opinion?

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
19. Represent the data in the adjacent bar graph as frequency distribution table.

Y Scale : on X-axis 1 cm = 5 Vehicles

90

Cars

Bikes

Autos

Cycles

X
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Number of Vehicles

20. The marks of 30 students of a class, obtained in a test (out of 75), are given below:
42, 21, 50, 37, 42, 37, 38, 42, 49, 52, 38, 53, 57, 47, 29
59, 61, 33, 17, 17, 39, 44, 42, 39, 14, 7, 27, 19, 54, 51.
Form a frequency table with equal class intervals.
(Hint : one of them being 0 – 10)

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Divide the students of your class into four group. Allot each group the wotk of collecting one of the
following kinds of data :
i) Weights of all the students in your class.
ii) Number of siblings that each students have.
iii) Day wise number of absentenes in your class during last month.
iv) The distance between the school and home of every students of your class.
2. Make frequency distribution table of the initial letters of that denotes surnames of your classmates and
answer the following questions.
i) Which initial letter occured mostly among your classmates?
ii) How many students names start with the alphabat ‘I’?
iii) Which letter occured least as an initial among your classmates?

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10 SURFACE AREAS & VOLUMES
MIND MAPPING

Surface areas and Volumes

Surface Area & C.SA & T.SA C.SA & T.SA Surface Area of a
Volume of a Cuboid of cylinder of Cone Sphere & Hemisphere

Volume of Prism Volume of a Volume of Volume of a Sphere

and Pyramid Cylinder a Cone & Hemisphere

Exercise-10.1 Exercise-10.2 Exercise-10.3 Exercise-10.4

SELF ACCESS
2
50 x ⎛ 3x ⎞
1. x+ = 2. 6⎜ ⎟ =
100 ⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 27 − 12 ⎞ 2 50 × 50
3. ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ x = 4. 2 × 50 + =
100

5 2
5. 100 − 50 × 8 = 6. 2(8 × 6 + 6 × 5 + 8 × 5) =
4
22
7. 2 × 7.5(12 + 10) = 8. If 2 × × 3.5 × 9.5 x = 462, then x =
7
22
9. If (10 × 8) + (r × 10) + 82 – r2 = 100, then r = 10. 2× × 2.5 × 1400 =
7
22 22
11. 2× × 0.56 × (0.56 + 1.4) = 12. 2× × 3.5 × 8 =
7 7
22 22 × 15 × 7.5 × 7
13. 2× × 3.5(3.5 + 8) = 14. =
7 14 × 22
616 × 7
15. = 16. 2 × 22 × 0.04 × 35 =
22 × 2.8 × 2.8

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

22
17. 985.6 × 5.5 = 18. 500 × 2 × × 0.42 × 1.2 =
7
22 22
19. 2× × 1.75 × 10 = 20. 2× × 2.2 × 77 =
7 7
22 1760 × 7
21. 2× × 2.1(2.1 + 4.5) = 22. =
7 2 × 22 × 14
158.4 × 7
23. (1.4)2 + (12)2 = 24.
22 × 5.6
=

22 352
25. × 12 ( 2 × 11 + 13) = 26. ÷ 3.5 =
7 7
1 22 22 2 1782
27. If × × 3.5 × 3.5 × h = 77, then h = 28. If ×r = , then r =
3 7 7 7
4 22
29. 10 × 22 × 778 = 30. × × 2.7 × 2.7 × 2.7 =
3 7
4 22
× × (1.05) =
3
31.
3 7
SYNOPSIS :

Ø Cuboid and cube are regular prisms having six faces and of which four are lateral faces and the base
and top.
Ø If length of cuboid is l, breadth is ‘b’ and height is ‘h’ then,
Total surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + lh)
Lateral surface area of a cuboid = 2h (l + b)
Volume of a cuboid = lbh
Ø If the length of the edge of a cube is ‘l’ units, then
Total surface area of a cube = 6l2
Lateral surface area of a cube = 4l2
Volume of a cube = l3

3 2
Ø If the base of a right prism is an equilateral triangle, then its volume is a × h cubic units.
4
A right prism has bases perpendicular to the lateral edges and all lateral faces are rectangles.
Ø A cylinder is a solid having two circular ends with a curved surface area. If the line segment joining
the centres of base and top is perpendicular to the base, it is called right circular cylinder.

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Ø If the radius of right circular cylinder is ‘r’ and height is ‘h’ then;
Curved surface area of a cylinder = 2π rh ; Total surface area of a cylinder = 2π r ( r + h)
Volume of a cylinder = π r 2 h
Ø Cone is a geometrical shaped object with circle as base, having a vertex at the top. If the line segment
joining the vertex to the centre of the base is perpendicular to the base, it is called right circular cone.
Ø The length of line joining the vertex to any point on the circular base of the cone is called slant height (l)
l2 = h2 + r2
Ø If ‘r’ is the radius, ‘h’ is the height, ‘l’ is the slant height of a cone, then

Curved surface area of a cone = π rl ; Total surface area of a cone = π r ( r + l )

1 rd
Ø The volume of a cone is the volume of a cylinder of the same base and same height
3
1 2
i.e. volume of a cone = πr h.
3
Ø A sphere is a geometrical object formed where the set of points are equidistant from the fixed point in
the space. The fixed point is called centre of the sphere and the fixed distance is called radius of the
sphere.
Ø If the radius of sphere is ‘r’ then,
4 3
Surface area of a sphere = 4π r 2 ; Volume of a sphere = πr
3
Ø A plane through the centre of a sphere divides it into two equal parts, each part is called a hemisphere.
Curved surface area of a hemisphere = 2π r ; Total surface area of a hemisphere = 3π r
2 2

2 3
Volume of a hemisphere = π r
3

Remember
F The figures have length and breadth are named as two dimensional figures or 2-D objects.
Ex : triangle, rectangle, circle etc.
F The figures which have length, breadth and height are called as three dimensional figures or 3-D
objects, these are also called solid figures.
Ex : Cylinder, Cones, Spheres etc.
1
F The volume of a pyramid is
3
rd volume of a right prism if both have the same base and same height.
F Every object occupies some space, the space occupied by an object is called its volume, the units of
volume is cubic units.
Volume of the substance that can fill the interior is called the capacity of the container

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. The area of a regular hexagon of side ‘a’ units is [ ]
6 3 2 3 2 6 3 6 3 2
a) a sq.units b) a sq.units c) a sq.units d) a sq.units
4 2 2 5
2. The diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10 cm then its perimeter is [ ]
a) 62 cm b) 42 cm c) 52 cm d) 22 cm
3. The sum of the lengths of edges of a prism is the sum of [ ]
a) number of sides of the base × height b) twice the perimeter of the base
c) both a, b d) none
4. The area of triangle of sides a, b, c and semi perimeter ‘s’ is [ ]
a) s ( s − a )( s − b )( s − c) b) s ( s − a )( s − b)( s − c ) c) s ( s − a )( s − b) d) ⎡⎣ s ( s − c) ⎤⎦
2

5. A rectangular plot is 200 sq. mts in area. If its breadth is 10 mts, then its perimeter is [ ]
a) 60 mts b) 50 mts c) 100 mts d) 120 mts
6. If the edge of a cube is 12 cm, then its volume is [ ]
a) 144 cm3 b) 576 cm3 c) 3456 cm3 d) 1728 cm3
7. If the edge of a cube is 9 cm, then its lateral surface area is [ ]
a) 486 cm2 b) 342 cm2 c) 324 cm2 d) 243 cm2
8. If the edge of a cube is increased by 50%, then the percentage increase in its surface area is
a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 125% [ ]
9. The edge of a cube whose volume 1000 cm3 is [ ]
a) 25 cm b) 15 cm c) 10 cm d) 100 cm
10. The total surface area of a cube is 96 cm2, then its side is [ ]
a) 2 cms b) 3 cms c) 5 cms d) 4 cms
11. If l = 12 cm, b = 10 cm and h = 8 cm, then the volume of the cuboid is [ ]
a) 352 cm3 b) 960 cm3 c) 400 cm3 d) 690 cm3
12. The lateral surface area of a cuboid is 15 cms × 12 cms × 10 cms in sq.cms is [ ]
a) 540 b) 180 c) 120 d) 150
13. The volume of a cuboid is 1200 cm3 and its length 15 cm and breadth is 10 cm, then its height is
a) 8 cm b) 10 cm c) 5 cm d) 12 cm [ ]
14. If a cuboidal metal of dimensions 44 cms × 30 cms × 15 cms was melted and cast into a cylinder of
height 28 cm, then its radius is [ ]
a) 10 cm b) 12 cm c) 14 cm d) 15 cm
15. The measure of the side of a cube which is equal in volume to a cuboid whose dimensions are
12 cm × 9 cm × 2 cm is [ ]
a) 8 b) 6 c) 12 d) 8.5

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16. The volume of a cylinder of base radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’ is [ ]
1 2
a) π rl b) π r b c) 2π rh d) π r 2 h
3
17. The volume of hollow cylinder is [ ]
a) π ( R + r )( R − r ) b) 2π rRH c) 2π rl d) all
18. If r = x cm and h = y cm, then the curved surface area of a cylinder is [ ]
π 2π r
a) 2π r 2 xy cm 2 b) 2π xy cm2 c) xy m 2 d) cm 2
2 xy
19. If the radius of a cylinder is doubled, keeping its lateral surface area the same, then its height is
a) increased by 50% b) decreased by 50% [ ]
c) increased by 100% d) decreased by 100%
20. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 220 (cm)2. Its base radius is 3.5 cm, then its height is
a) 20 cm b) 3.5 cm c) 30 cm d) 10 cm [ ]
21. The diameter of a role is 3 cms and its length is 42 cms. The volume of wood required to make the role
is
a) 397 cm3 b) 197 cm3 c) 297 cm3 d) 497 cm3 [ ]
22. The lateral surface area of cylinder is 176 cm2. of its base area is 38.5 cm2 then its height is
a) 10 cm b) 8 cm c) 14 cm d) 15 cm [ ]
23. The volume of a cylindrical bottle of radius 2 cm is 88 cm3, then its height is [ ]
a) 5 cm b) 6 cm c) 7 cm d) 8 cm
24. The volume of the conical bucket is [ ]
πr 2 2 πh 2
a) π r 2 R b) π r ( R + r )( R − r ) c)
3
(
R +r ) d)
3
(
R + R r + r2 )
25. The height of a cone is 12 cm and its radius is 5 cm. Then slant height l = [ ]
a) 13cm b) 17 cm c) 13.5 cm d) 14 cm
26. The volume of a cone of diameter “d” and height “h” is [ ]
π d 2h π d 2h π d 2h
a) π d h
2
b) c) d)
12 4 5
27. If the radius of the base of a right circular cone is 2 cm and its slant height is 3.5 cm, then its curved
surface area is [ ]
a) 44 cm2 b) 77 cm2 c) 22 cm2 d) 154 cm2
28. If the base radius and slant height of a right circular cone are 10 cm and 3.5 cm respectively, then its
total surface area is [ ]
a) 424.285 cm2 b) 434.385 cm2 c) 414.285 cm2 d) 434.285 cm2
29. The area of the base of a right circular cone is 78.5 cm2. If its height is 12 cms, then its volume is
a) 219 b) 375 c) 314 d) 318 [ ]

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
30. If the height of a cone is ‘h’ and its slant height is ‘l’, then radius of its base is [ ]
a) l+h b) h2 − l 2 c) l−h d) l 2 − h2
31. A cone and cylinder have equal bases and heights. Their volumes are in the ratio of [ ]
a) 1 : 3 b) 3 : 1 c) 2 : 3 d) 3 : 2
32. The slant height of a cone is 10 mts and the radius of the base is 7 mts, then its total surface area is
a) 314 b) 275 c) 374 d) 218 [ ]
33. If the lateral surface areas of two cones are equal, then their radii and slant heights are in [ ]
a) same ratio b) inverse ratio c) direct ratio d) none
34. The base of a right pyramid is a square of side 5 cm. The volume of the pyramid, if its height is 12 cm
is [ ]
3 3 3 3
a) 10000 cm b) 100 cm c) 10 cm d) 1000 cm
35. The area of the base of a cone is 616 sq cm of its height is 48 cms. Its lateral surface area is
a) 1800 cm2 b) 2000cm2 c) 1600 cm2 d) 2200 cm2 [ ]
36. The total surface area of a cone with base radius r and height h is [ ]

a) π rl b) π r ⎡r + h 2 + r 2 ⎤ c) π r 2 h d) 2π r (r + h )
⎣ ⎦
37. The volume of a cone is 462 cm3 and its base radius is 7 cm, then its height is [ ]
a) 9cm b) 8cm c) 10cm d) 12cm
38. The surface area of a sphere of radius 14 cms is [ ]
a) 1464 cm2 b) 2464 cm2 c) 3464 cm2 d) 4464 cm 2

39. If the radius of a sphere is 6.3 cm, then its volume is [ ]

a) 1047.816 cm2 b) 1407.186 cm3 c) 1074.816 cm3 d) 1047.816 cm3
40. Liquid is full in sphere of inner radius 9 cm. This is to be poured into cylindrical bottles of radius 3
cm and height 4 cm, then the number of bottles required is [ ]
a) 34 b) 44 c) 54 d) 27
41. The space occupied by a solid object is called its [ ]
a) area b) perimeter c) total surface area d) volume

II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.

i. Group - A Group - B

1) The total surface area of a cube is [ ] A) 2h (l + b ) sq. units

2) The total length of the edges of a cube is [ ] B) 2 (lb + bh + lh ) sq. units

3) The diagonal of a cuboid is [ ] C) l 2 + b2 + h2 units

4) The total surface area of a cuboid is [ ] D) 6a2 sq. units
5) The Lateral surface area of a cuboid is [ ] E) 12a units

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ii. Group - A Group - B

4 3
1) The surface area of a solid sphere is [ ] A) π r cu. units
3
2) The total surface area of a hemisphere is [ ] B) 3π r 2 sq. units
2 3
3) The volume of hemisphere is [ ] C) π r cu. units
3
4) The volume of sphere is [ ] D) 4π r 2 sq. units

5) The total surface area of a hollow hemisphere is [ ] ( )

E) π 3 R 2 + r 2 sq. units.

iii. Group - A Group - B

1) The lateral surface area of the cuboid is [ ] A) l 2 + b2 + h2

2) The total surface area of the cuboid is [ ] B) 4a2

3) If ‘a’ is the side of a cube, the total surface area [ ] C) 2 ( lb + bh + lh )

of the cube is
4) The diagonal of a cuboid is [ ] D) 2h(l + b)
5) The lateral surface area of cube of side ‘a’ is [ ] E) 6a2

F) l 2 + b2

iv. Group - A Group - B

1) The volume of the pyramid is [ ] A) lbh
1 2
2) The volume of a cylinder is [ ] B) πr h
3
3) The volume of a cone is [ ] C) a3
1
4) The volume of a cuboid of measurements l,b,h is [ ] D) × (area of the base ) × height
3
5) The volume of a cube of side ‘a’ units is [ ] E) π r 2 h
v. Group - A Group - B
1) The vertical cross section of a cone is [ ] A) cone
2) A set of points in space equidistant from a fixed
point in space is [ ] B) sphere
3) The vertical cross section of a cylinder is [ ] C) water pipe
4) The shape of a heap of sand is [ ] D) triangle
5) An example for hollow cylinder is [ ] E) rectangle
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. The total surface area of a cube is 1350 sq.m. Find its volume.
2. Find the area of four walls of a room (Assume that there are no doors or windows) if its length 12 m.,
breadth 10 m. and height 7.5 m.
3. The volume of a cuboid is 1200 cm3. The length is 15 cm. and breadth is 10 cm. Find its height.
4. The base of a prism is triangular in shape with sides 3 cm., 4 cm. and 5 cm. Find the volume of the
prism if its height is 10 cm.
5. A regular square pyramid is 3 m. height and the perimeter of its base is 16 m. Find the volume of the
pyramid.
6. The volume of a cylinder is 308 cm3. Its height is 8 cm. Find its later surface area and total surface area.
7. A metal pipe is 77 cm. long. The inner diameter of a cross section is 4 cm., the outer diameter being
4.4 cm. (see figure) Find its R
i) inner curved surface area
ii) outer curved surface area r
iii) Total surface area
8. A cylindrical pillar has a diameter of 56 cm and is of 35 m high. There are 16 pillars around the building.
Find the cost of painting the curved surface area of all the pillars at the rate of < 5.50 per 1 m2.
9. The curved surface area of the cylinder is 1760 cm2 and its volume is 12320 cm3. Find its height.
10. The radius of a sphere is 3.5 cm. Find its surface area and volume.
2
11. The surface area of a sphere is 1018 sq.cm. What is its volume?
7
12. The length of equator of the globe is 44 cm. Find its surface area.
13. Find the total surface area of a hemisphere of radius 10 cm. (use π = 3.14)
1
14. A metallic cylinder of diameter 5 cm. and height 3 cm. is melted and cast into a sphere. What is its
3
diameter.
15. The base area of a cone is 38.5 cm2. Its volume is 77 cm3. Find its height.
16. The volume of a cone is 462 m3. Its base radius is 7 m. Find its height.
17. Curved surface area of a cone is 308 cm2 and its slant height is 14 cm Find.
i) radius of the base ii) Total surface area of the cone.
18. The cost of painting the total surface area of a cone at 25 paise per cm2 is <176. Find the volume of
the cone, if its slant height is 25 cm.
19. From a circle of radius 15 cm., a sector with angle 216° is cut out and its bounding radii are bent so as
to form a cone. Find its volume.
20. The height of a tent is 9 m. Its base diameter is 24 m. What is its slant height? Find the cost of canvas
cloth required if it costs <14 per sq.m.
5 4
21. The curved surface area of a cone is 1159 cm2. Area of its base is 254 cm2. Find its volume.
7 7
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II. Reasoning and proof :
22. How does the total surface area of a box change if
i) Each dimension is doubled? ii) Each dimension is tripled?
Express in words. Can you find the area if each dimension is raised to n times?
23. An Olympic swimming pool is in the shape of a cuboid of dimensions 50 m. long and 25 m. wide. If
it is 3 m. deep throughout, how many liters of water does it hold?
24. A closed cylindrical tank of height 1.4 m. and radius of the base is 56 cm. is made up of a thick metal
sheet. How much metal sheet is required (Express in square meters)
25. A metal cuboid of dimension 22 cm. × 15 cm. × 7.5 cm. was melted and cast into a cylinder of height
14 cm. What is its radius?
26. An overhead water tanker is in the shape of a cylinder has capacity of 616 litres. The diameter of the
tank is 5.6 m. Find the height of the tank.
27. The diameter of a roller is 84 cm and its length is 120 cm. It takes 500 complete revolutions to roll
once over the play ground to level. Find the area of the play ground in m2.
28. The inner diameter of a circular well is 3.5 m. It is 10 m deep. Find
i) its inner curved surface area
ii) The cost of plastering this curved surface at the rate of < 40 per m2.
29. Find
i) The total surface area of a closed cylindrical petrol storage tank whose diameter 4.2 m. and height 4.5 m.
1
ii) How much steel sheet was actually used, if of the steel was wasted in making the tank.
12
30. The diameter of a spherical ball is 21 cm. How much leather is required to prepare 5 such balls.
31. The diameter of a spherical balloon increases from 14 cm. to 28 cm. as air is being pumped into it.
Find the ratio of surface areas of the balloons in the two cases.
32. The diameter of a lead ball is 2.1 cm. The density of the lead used is 11.34 g/c3. What is the weight of
the ball?
33. How many litres of milk can a hemispherical bowl of diameter 10.5 cm. hold?
34. A hemispherical bowl has diameter 9 cm. The liquid is poured into cylindrical bottles of diameter 3
cm. and height 3 cm. If a full bowl of liquid is filled in the bottles, find how many bottles are required.
35. A tent is cylindrical to a height of 4.8 m. and conical above it. The radius of the base is 4.5m. and total
height of the tent is 10.8 m. Find the canvas required for the tent in square meters.
36. What length of tarpaulin 3 m wide will be required to make a conical tent of height 8m and base
radius 6m ? Assume that extra length of material that will be required for stitching margins and
wastage in cutting is approximately 20 cm (use p = 3.14)
37. A Joker’s cap is in the form of a right circular cone of base radius 7 cm and height 27 cm. Find the
area of the sheet required to make 10 such caps.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
38. Water is pouring into a conical vessel as shown in the adjoining figure at the rate of 1.8 m3 per
minute. How long will it take to fill the vessel?
39. Two similar cones have volumes 12 π cu. units and 96 π cu. units. If the curved surface area of the
smaller cone is 15 π sq. units, what is the curved surface area of the larger one?
III. Connection :
40. The ratio of radii of two spheres is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of their surface areas and volumes.
41. A hemispherical bowl is made of brass, 0.25 cm. thickness. The inner radius of the bowl is 5 cm. Find
the ratio of outer surface area to inner surface area.
IV. Communication :
42. Find the later surface area and total surface area of the following right prisms.

5 cm.
4 cm.

i) ii)
m. 6c
m.
4c 8 cm.
4 cm.

43. A one side open cylindrical drum has inner radius 28 cm. and height 2.1 m. How much water you
can store in the drum. Express in litres. (1 litre = 1000 cc.)

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To find the formula for the lateral surface area and total surface area of a right circular cone by using
paper cutting and paper folding.
2. Take the square pyramid and cube containers of same base and with equal heights. Fill the pyra-
mid with a liquid and pour into the cube (prism) completely. How many times it takes to fill the
cube? From this, what inference can you make?
3. Draw a circle on a thick paper and cut it neatly. Stick a string along its diameter. Hold the both the
ends of the string with hands and rotate with constant speed and observe the figure so formed.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
11 AREAS
MIND MAPPING

Areas

Area of planar Figures on the same base Triangles on the same

figures& Area and between the same base and between the
of Rectangle parallels (parallelogram) same parallels

Exercise - 11.1 Exercise - 11.2 Exercise - 11.3

SELF ACCESS

1. In Δ ABC, base = 6 cm, altitude = 2.4 cm then area of Δ ABC =

2. In Δ PQR, base = 6.5 cm, height = 12 cm then area of Δ PQR =
R
S
3. PQRs is a Quadrilateral, If QS = 10 cm, N

M
RM = 2.5 cm, PN = 3 cm, then area of PQRS = P Q
D C
4. ABCD is a parallelogram, If CD = 5 cm,

DM = 3.5 cm, then area of parallelogram ABCD =

A M B
5. PQRS is a rectangle. If PS = 5 cm, RS = cm, then area of PQRS =

S R

P Q

6. Find the area of the fig(1) and fig(2).

3.5 3.5cm

8cm 8cm
fig (i) fig (ii)

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
7. From the adjacent fig. Area of Δ BEC =

B
3cm
E C
3cm
A 8cm D

SYNOPSIS :
Ø The part of the plane enclosed by a simple closed figure is a planar region corresponding to that
figure, the magnitude or measure of this planar region is its area.
Ø The two geometrical figures are congruent, if they have the same shape and the same size.
Ø The area of a figure is equal to the sum of the areas of finite number of parts of it.
Ø If the number of units in the length of a rectangle is multiplied by the number of units in its breadth,
the product gives the number of square units in the area of rectangle.
Ø If ‘l’ is the length and ‘b’ is the breadth, then the area of a rectangle A = lb
Ø The two figures are said to be on the same base and between the same parallels, if they have a
common base (side) and the vertices (or the vertex) opposite to the common base of each figure lie on
a line parallel to the base.
Ø The area of a parallelogram is the product of its any side and the corresponding altitude.
Ø The area of a triangle is equal to half the area of the parallelogram on the same base and between the
same parallels.
Ø The area of a rhombus is equal to half of the product of the diagonals.
Ø The linesegment joining the any vertex of a triangle to the mid point of its opposite side is called a
median.
Ø The median of a triangle divides the triangle into two triangles of equal areas.

Remember
F A planar region consists of a boundary and an interior region.
F The unit area is the area of a square of a side of unit length.
F The square centimeter (cm2) is the area of a square drawn on a side of 1 centimeter in length.
F The areas of two congruent figures are equal.
F The parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal in area.
F The two triangles having the same base (or equal bases) and equal area will lie between the same
parallels.
F The diagonals of a parallelogram divide the parallelogram into four triangles of equal area.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. The area of square of 1 m length is [ ]
a) 1 sq. cm b) 2 sq. cm c) 2 sq.m d) 1sq.m
2. The line segment drawn from a vertex to the mid point of its opposite side is [ ]
a) altitude b) bisector c) median d) mean
3. The area of a figure is equal to the sum of the _________ of finite number of parts of it. [ ]
a) perimeter b) area c) volume d) none
4. 1 kilometer in terms of metres is [ ]
1
a) 100 b) 1000 c) d) 10000
1000
5. If two figures are congruent, then they are having [ ]
a) same shape b) same size c) same volume d) both a, b
6. If two figures are having same shape and same size, then their areas are [ ]
a) equal b) unequal
c) either equal or unequal d) can’t say
7. If the areas of two triangles are equal, then they are [ ]
a) congruent b) not congruent
c) either congruent or not congruent d) can’t say
8. 1 square metre = [ ]
a) 100 sq cm b) 1000 sq cm c) 1002 sq cm d) 100 sq m
9. If two triangles have equal area and equal base, then their heights are [ ]
a) unequal b) equal
c) either equal or unequal d) can’t say
10. The diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into ____________ triangles of equal area. [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 4
11. The magnitude or measure of the plane region is [ ]
a) volume b) perimeter c) area d) length
12. If 1 cm represents 5 m, then the area represented by 6 sq.cm is [ ]
a) 30 cm2 b) 75 m2 c) 60 m2 d) 150 m2
13. The two parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallel lines are equal in [ ]
a) length b) perimeter c) area d) volume
14. The area of a parallelogram is [ ]
a) 2 × side b) 2 × altitude c) 2 × (side + altitude) d) side × altitude
15. If the side and altitude of a parallelogram are 9 cm and 6 cm respectively, then its area is [ ]
a) 27 cm2 b) 36 cm2 c) 54 cm2 d) 45 cm2

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

16. If the area of a parallelogram is 144 cm2 and the base is 9cm, then its height is [ ]
a) 8 cm b) 12 cm c) 24 cm d) 16 cm
17. ΔABC and parallelogram ABEF are on the same base and between the same parallel lines. If the area
of the parallelogram is 54 sq.cms, then the area of the triangle is [ ]
a) 27 cm2 b) 54 cm2 c) 28 cm2 d) 19cm2
18. If the base of a triangle is 12 cm and its height is 9 cm, then its area is [ ]
a) 108 cm2 b) 72 cm2 c) 27 cm2 d) 54 cm2
19. If the area of a triangle is 72 cm2 and its base is 8 cm, then its height is [ ]
a) 18cm b) 8cm c) 36cm d) 19cm
20. The two triangles having the same base and equal areas will lie between the same [ ]
a) perpendicular lines b) parallel lines c) coincident lines d) none
21. The area of a figure formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a rhombus with diagonals
12 cm and 16 cm is [ ]
a) 96 cm 2 b) 64 cm 2 c) 48 cm 2 d) 72 cm 2

22. If the length of the diagonals of a rhombus are 13 cm and 16 cm respectively, then its area is
a) 52 cm2 b) 104 cm2 c) 91 cm2 d) 116 cm2 [ ]
23. If the area of a rhombus is 96 sq.cm and length of one diagonal is 16 cm, then the length of second
diagonal is [ ]
a) 8 cms b) 12 cms c) 13 cms d) 15 cms
24. If the length and breadth of a rectangle are (x + y) units and (x – y) units, then its area is [ ]
a) x2 + y2 b) x + y c) x2 – y2 d) x – y
25. If the diagonal of a square is 10 cm, then its area is [ ]
a) 10 b) 40 c) 50 d) 25
26. If the area of a square is ‘A’, then its length of side is [ ]
a) A2 b) A c) A3 d) A
27. If the side of a square is 35 cms, then its area is [ ]
a) 1225 cm2 b) 1110 cm2 c) 1330 cm2 d) 1550 cm2
28. The diagonal of a quadrilateral is 10 cm. If the perpendiculars drawn on it from opposite vertices are
5 cms and 7 cms, then its area is [ ]
a) 35 cm2 b) 40 cm2 c) 60 cm2 d) 70 cm2
29. If the area of a trapezium is 96 sq.cms and the length of its parallel sides are 9 cm and 7 cm, then the
distance between the parallel sides is [ ]
a) 15 cms b) 12 cms c) 13 cms d) 11 cms
30. If the lengths of the parallel sides of a trapezium are 8 cm, 9 cm and the distance between the parallel
sides is 6 cm, then its area is [ ]
a) 34 cm 2 b) 68 cm 2 c) 51 cm 2 d) 72 cm 2

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.
i. Geometrical figure Areas
1) triangle [ ] A) lb
1
2) rectangle [ ] B) d ( a + b)
2
1
3) trapezium [ ] C) d1d2
2
1
4) rhombus [ ] D) d (h1 + h2 )
2
1
5) quadrilateral [ ] E) bh
2

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :

1. In ΔABC, ∠ABC = 90 o , AD = DC, AB = 12 cm and BC = 6.5 cm. Find the area of ΔADB.
A
12cm

B 6.5 cm C

2. Find the area of a quadrilateral PQRS in which ∠QPS = ∠SQR = 90°, PQ = 12 cm, PS = 9 cm,
QR = 8 cm and SR = 17 cm,. (Hint: PQRS has two parts)
S 17cm
R

9cm 8cm

P 12cm Q

3. The area of parallelogram ABCD is 36 cm2. Calculate the height of parallelogram ABEF if AB =
4.2cm.
C F E
D

A B
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
II. Reasoning and proof :
4. Find the area of trapezium ABCD as given in the figure in which ADCE is a rectangle.
(Hint: ABCD has two parts)
B
3 cm
E C
3 cm
A 8 cm D

5. ABCD is a parallelogram. AE is perpendicular on DC and CF is perpendicular on AD.

If AB = 10 cm, AE = 8 cm and CF = 12 cm. Find AD.
A B
F

D E C
6. If E, F G and H are respectively the midpoints of the sides AB, BC, CD and AD of a parallelogram
1
ABCD, show that ar(EFGH) = ar(ABCD) .
2
A E B
H
F
D G C
7. P and Q are any two points lying on the sides DC and AD respectively of a parallelogram ABCD
show that ar(ΔAPB) = ar Δ(BQC).
D P C
Q

A B
8. P is a point in the interior of a parallelogram ABCD. Show that
A B
1
i) ar(ΔAPB) + ar(ΔPCD) = ar(ABCD) P
2
ii) ar(ΔAPD) + ar(ΔPBC) = ar(ΔAPB) + ar(ΔPCD) D C
(Hint : Through P, draw a line parallel to AB)
9. Prove that the area of a trapezium is half the sum of the parallel sides multiplied by the distance
between them.
10. PQRS and ABRS are parallelograms and X Q B
is any point on the side BR. Show that P A
i) ar(PQRS) = ar(ABRS) X
1 S R
ii) ar(ΔAXS) = ar ( PQRS )
2
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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
11. Prove that the area of a rhombus is equal to half of the product of the diagonals.
12. In a triangle ABC (see figure), E is the A

midpoint of median AD, show that

E
i) ar ΔABE = ar ΔACE
1
ii) arΔABE = ar(ΔABC)
4 B D C
13. In the figure, ΔABC, D, E, F are the midpoints
of sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Show that A
i) BDEF is a parallelogram
1
ii) ar(ΔDEF) = ar(ΔABC) F E
4
1
iii) ar(BDEF) = ar(ΔABC)
2 B D C

14. In the figure D, E are points on the sides A

AB and AC respectively of ΔABC such that ar(ΔDBC) = ar(ΔEBC).
Prove that DE || BC.
D E
15. A villager Ramayya has a plot of land in the shape of a quadrilateral.
The grampanchayat of the village decided to take over some portion of
his plot from one of the corners to construct a school. Ramayya agrees
to the above proposal with the condition that he should be given equal
amount of land in exchange of his land adjoining his plot so as to form B C
a triangular plot. Explain how this proposal will be implemented.
(Draw a rough sketch of plot).
III. Connection : D C
O
16. ABCD is a parallelogram. The diagonals AC and BD
intersect each other at ‘O’. Prove that ar(ΔAOD) = ar(ΔBOC).
A B
(Hint: Congruent figures have equal area)
17. What figure do you get, if you join ΔAPM, ΔDPO, ΔOCN and ΔMNB in the example 3.
18. Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal area. C
19. In the figure, ΔABC and ΔABD are two triangles on A
O
the same base AB. If line segment CD is bisected by B
AB at O, show that ar (ΔABC) = ar (ΔABD). D
E A F
20. In the figure, XY is a line parallel to BC is drawn through A. E Y

If BE || CA and CF || BA are drawn to meet XY at E and F

respectively. Show that ar(ΔABE) = ar (ΔACF). B C

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
21. In the figure, diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at O.
Prove that ar(ΔAOD) = ar(Δ BOC).
D C
O

A B
22. In the figure, ABCDE is a pentagon. A line through B parallel to AC meets DC produced at F.
Show that A B
i) ar (ΔACB) = ar (ΔACF)
E
ii) ar (AEDF) = ar (ABCDE)
23. In the figure, if ar ΔRAS = ar ΔRBS and [ar (ΔQRB) = ar(ΔPAS) then
D C F
show that both the quadrilaterals PQSR and RSBA are trapeziums.
P Q

R S

A B
IV. Communication :
24. A farmer has a field in the form of a parallelogram PQRS as shown in the figure. He took the mid-
point A on RS and joined it to points P and Q. In how many parts of field is divided? What are the
shapes of these parts ?
The farmer wants to sow groundnuts which are equal to the sum of pulses and paddy. How should he
sow? State reasons?
S A R

P Q

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To show that the area of a triangle is half the product of the base and the height, using paper cutting
and pasting.
2. Find the area of different triangles by an activity.
3. Draw pairs of triangles on the same base or (equal bases) and between the same parallels on the graph
sheet and write your observation.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
12 CIRCLES
MIND MAPPING

Circles

Angle subtended Perpendiculars Angle subtended Cyclic

Introduction by a chord at a from the Centre by an arc of a circle
Quadrilateral
point on the circle to a chord

Exercise - 12.1 Exercise - 12.2 Exercise - 12.3 Exercise - 12.4 Exercise - 12.5

SELF ACCESS
1 1
1. × 12 × 6.5 = 2. × 15 × 8 =
4 2
1 36
3. (6 + 3) × 8 = 4. =
2 4.2
Q
O
5. From the adjacent figure, A B
P
a) APB is called _______, b) AQB is called ______
6. Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angle at the centre ______
7. The angles subtended by the chords at the centre of the circle increases with increase in the length of
chords.
8. The triangles on the same base and having equal areas lie between the same parallel lines
9. If a parallelogram and a triangle are on the same base and between the same parallels, then area of the
triangle is half of the area of the parallelogram.
10. The longest of all chords which also passes through the centre is called a diameter.
11. The circles with same radii are called congruent circles.
12. The circles with same centre and different radii are called concentric circles.
13. The diameter of a circle divides it into two semi-circles.
14. The part between any two points on the circle is called an arc.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
15. An angles in the same segment are equal.
16. An angle in a semi circle is a right angle.
17. The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. The converse is also true.
18. There is exactly one circle passing through three non-collinear points.
19. The sum of pairs of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is supplementary.

SYNOPSIS :
Ø A collection of all points in a plane which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point in the same plane
is called a circle. The fixed point is called the centre and the fixed distance is called the radius of the
circle.
Ø A line segment joining any two points on the circle is called a chord.
Ø The longest of all chords which also passes through the centre is called a diameter.
Ø The circles with same radii are called congruent circles.
Ø The circles with same centre and different radii are called concentric circles.
Ø The diameter of a circle divides it into two semi-circles.
Ø The part between any two points on the circle is called an arc.
Ø The area enclosed by a chord and an arc is called a segment. If the arc is a minor arc then it is called
the minor segment and if the arc is major arc then it is called the major segment.
Ø The area enclosed by an arc and the two radii joining the end points of the arc with centre is called a sector.
Ø The perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chords. The converse is also true.
Ø The circle passing through the vertices of a triangle is called a circumcircle.
Ø The equal chords are at equal distance from the centre of the circle, conversely chords at equidistant
from the centre of the circle are equal in length.
Ø The angle subtended by an arc at the centre of the circle is twice the angle subtended by it at any other
point on the circle.
Ø If the angle subtended by an arc at a point on the remaining part of the circle is 90o, then the arc is a
semi circle.
Ø If a line segment joining two points subtends same angles at two other points lying on the same side
of the line segment, the four points lie on the circle.

Remember
F The equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre.
F The angles in the same segment are equal.
F An angle in a semi circle is a right angle.
F If the angles subtended by two chords at the centre are equal, then the chords are congruent.
F There is exactly one circle passing through three non-collinear points.
F The sum of pairs of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.

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OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. The distance between the centre of a circle to any point on the circle is called its [ ]
a) perimeter b) diameter c) radius d) intercept
2. The length of a circle is called its [ ]
a) area b) volume c) diameter d) circumference
3. If the radius of two circles are equal, then they are [ ]
a) unequal circles b) concentric circles c) both a, b d) congruent circles
4. The longest chord in a circle is called [ ]
a) radius b) secant c) tangent d) diameter
5. If the arc is smaller than a semicircle, then the arc is called [ ]
a) a major arc b) a minor arc c) a chord d) either (a) and (b)
6. If the arc is greater than a semicircle, then the arc is called [ ]
a) a diameter b) a minor arc c) a major arc d) both b, c
7. The mid point of any diameter of a circle is called its [ ]
a) exterior point b) centre c) region d) both a, b
8. The number of chords drawn to a circle is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) finite d) infinite
9. The number of diameters can be drawn to a circle is [ ]
a) finite b) 1 c) 3 d) infinite
10. The number of centres of a circle is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) infinite
11. The points lying on the same circle are called [ ]
a) colinear b) concentric c) concyclic d) coplanar
12. The angle in a minor segment is [ ]
a) acute angle b) right angle c) reflex angle d) obtuse angle
13. The angle in the major segment is [ ]
a) right angle b) obtuse angle c) acute angle d) complete angle
14. The instrument used to draw a circle is [ ]
a) scale b) compass c) divider d) ruler
15. The points lying inside the circle are called [ ]
a) exterior of the circle b) belongs to the circle c) interior of the circle d) none
16. If the arc is longer than semicircle, then the arc is called [ ]
a) minor arc b) major arc c) semicircle d) quadrant circle
17. The diameter of a circle divide the circle into [ ]
a) 0 semicircles b) 1 semicircles c) 2 semicircles d) 3 semicircles

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
18. The angles in the same segment are [ ]
a) double the other b) equal c) not equal d) all
19. If a parallelogram is cyclic, then it is [ ]
a) a rhombus b) a square c) a rectangle d) a kite
20. If a rhombus is cyclic, then it is [ ]
a) a rectangle b) a parallelogram c) a square d) a trapezium
21. The two congruent circles have [ ]
a) same areas b) equal areas c) not equal areas d) both a, b
22. The circles having a common centre are called [ ]
a) congruent circles b) equal circles c) concentric circles d) both a, b
23. The line segment joining any two points on a circle is called [ ]
a) diameter b) radius c) chord d) tangent
24. The line segment joining any two points on a circle and passing through centre of the circle is
a) radius b) diameter c) tangent d) both a, b [ ]
25. The part of the circle between any two points on it is called [ ]
a) a chord b) a diameter c) an arc d) a radius
26. If the end points of an arc become the end points of a diameter, then such arc is called [ ]
a) a semi circular arc b) a tangent c) a semi circle d) both a, c
27. The area enclosed by an arc and the two radii joining the centre to the end points of an arc is called
a) a semi circle b) a secant c) a sector d) a closed arc [ ]
28. The number of circles that can be drawn through three non-collinear points is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) infinite
29. The number of circles that can be drawn through the three-collinear points is [ ]
a) infinite b) 1 c) 3 d) 0
30. A circle is drawn to a triangle. If all the vertices of a triangle lie on the circle, then it is called
a) a semi circle b) an incircle c) a circumcircle d) an excircle [ ]
31. The point equidistant from the vertices of a triangle is called [ ]
a) incentre b) circumcentre c) excentre d) both a, b
32. The possible number of radii can be drawn to a circle is [ ]
a) infinite b) 1 c) 2 d) 4
33. The angle in a semicircle is [ ]
a) 100° b) 80° c) 90° d) 180°
34. The angle in a semicircle at the centre is [ ]
a) 90° b) 100° c) 360° d) 180°
35. The pairs of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are [ ]
a) complementary b) supplementary c) conjugate d) can’t say
36. The angle subtended by the major arc at the centre is [ ]
a) straight angle b) right angle c) complete angle d) reflex angle
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37. The angle subtended by the minor arc at the centre is [ ]
a) less than 180° b) greater than 180° c) 270° d) 360°
38. A collection of all points in a plane which are at a fixed distance from a fixed point in the same plane
is called [ ]
a) rectangle b) square c) a circle d) quadrilateral
39. The shape of the out line might have drawn along the edge of a coin or a bangle is [ ]
a) curve b) polygon c) circular d) none
40. The double of radius of a circle is [ ]
a) sector of the circle b) diameter of the circle c) angle of the circle d) none
41. The circle and its interior make up the region is [ ]
a) straight b) circular c) rectangular d) polygon
42. The locus of the centres of a circle drawn through a point on the given line and the given line are
a) perpendicular to each other b) concide to each other [ ]
c) parallel to each other d) all
43. The region between the chord and the minor arc is called [ ]
a) major segment b) semisegment c) both a, b d) minor segment
44. The region between the chord and the major arc is called [ ]
a) major segment b) minor segment c) semi circle d) none
45. The circles with same centre and different radii are called [ ]
a) congruent circles b) concentric circles c) semi circles d) quadrant circles
46. The angles subtended by equal chords at the centre are [ ]
a) equal b) not equal c) double the other d) none
47. If the angle subtended by the chords of a circle at the centre are equal, then the chords are [ ]
a) non congruent b) similar c) congruent d) not similar
48. If the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is 120°, then the angle subtended by it on the remaining
arc of the circle is [ ]
a) 30° b) 60° c) 90° d) 180°
49. The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord [ ]
a) trisect the chord b) bisects the chord c) intersect the chord d) divide the chord
50. If two circles intersect at two points, then their centres lie on the [ ]
a) angular bisector of the common chord b) line segment of the common chord
c) line of the common chord d) perpendicular bisector of the common chord
51. The arcs of equal length subtend the angles at the centre is [ ]
a) not equal b) equal c) can’t say d) none
52. The ratio of angle subtended by an arc at the centre to the angle subtended by it on the remaining arc
of the circle is [ ]
a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 2 c) 3 : 2 d) 2 : 3
53. The measure angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are [ ]
a) not equal b) equal c) half the other d) none
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54. The exterior angle in a triangle is equal to sum of the [ ]

a) 3 interior angles b) 4 interior angles
c) opposite interior angles d) none
55. If P, Q, R, S are concyclic, then they are lying on the same [ ]
a) circle b) polygon c) quadrilateral d) all
56. If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points lying on the same side
of the line, then these four points lie on [ ]
a) a polygon b) a quadrilateral c) a curve d) a circle
57. If all the vertices of a quadrilateral lie on the same circle, then the quadrilateral is called [ ]
a) incyclic quadrilateral b) cyclic quadrilateral
c) circumcyclic quadrilateral d) none
58. If the sum of any pair of opposite angles in a quadrilateral is 180°, then it is [ ]
a) incyclic b) concyclic c) circum circle d) cyclic
59. The exterior angle of a triangle is always greater than either of the [ ]
a) 3 interior angles b) opposite interior angles c) 4 interior angles d) 2 interior angles
60. The circle passing through the vertices of a triangle is called [ ]
a) an incircle b) a circum circle c) a concyclic d) none
61. A circle divides the plane in which it lies into [ ]
a) 5 parts b) 2 parts c) 3parts d) 4 parts
62. A chord divides the circle into [ ]
a) 1 segment b) 2 segments c) 3 segments d) 4 segments
63. If AB = 5 cm, CD = 3 cm and EF = 4 cm, GH = 7.5 cm are chords in a circle, then the chord nearer
to the centre of the circle is [ ]
a) AB b) CD c) EF d) GH
64. The area between the two concentric circles is [ ]
a) a ring b) 0 c) infinite d) can’t say
65. The area enclosed by two radii and an arc of a circle is [ ]
a) cone b) sector c) cylinder d) none

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. In the figure, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle. ∠ AOB = 100° find ∠ ADB.

100º
A B
D

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
2. In the figure, if ∠ BAD = 40°, then find ∠ BCD.
B

A 40º
D

3. In the figure, O is the centre of the circle and ∠ POR = 120°. Find ∠ PQR and ∠ PSR.
Q

P 120º
R
S
4. If a parallelogram is cyclic, then it is a rectangle. Justify.
5. A is the centre of the circle and ABCD is a square. If BD = 4 cm then find the radius of the circle.

D C

A B

II. Reasoning and proof :

6. If two circles intersect at two points, then prove that their centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of
the common chord. A
7. If two intersecting chords of a circle make equal angles C L
E
with diameter passing through their point of intersection, P Q
O
prove that the chords are equal. B M
D
8. In the adjacent figure, AB is a chord of circle with centre O. D
CD is the diameter perpendicular to AB. Show that AD = BD.
9. Prove that a cyclic rhombus is a square. O
III. Connection : A B
10. In the figure, if AB = CD and ∠ AOB = 90°, then find ∠ COD. C

C
A O

B D

11. Given that the vertices A, B, C of a quadrilateral ABCD lie on a circle. Also ∠ A + ∠ C = 180°, then
prove that the vertex D also lie on the same circle.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
12. In the figure, PQ = RS and ∠ ΟRS = 48°. Find ∠ OPQ and ∠ ROS.
P

O Q

S
R

13. In the figure PR and QS are two diameters. Is PQ = RS?

P S
O

Q R O
14. In the figure, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle. OM = 3 cm and
A M B
AB = 8 cm. Find the radius of the circle
15. In the figure, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle and OM, ON are the perpendiculars from the centre to
the chords PQ and RS. If OM = ON and PQ = 6 cm. Find RS.
S
N
O
R

P M Q

16. In the given figure ‘O’ is the centre of the circle and AB, CD are equal chords. If ∠ AOB = 70°.
Find the angles of the Δ OCD.
D

A O
70º
C
B
IV. Communication :
17. State true or false.
i) A circle divides the plane on which it lies into three parts. [ ]
ii) The area enclosed by a chord and the minor arc is minor segment. [ ]
iii) The area enclosed by a chord and the major arc is major segment. [ ]
iv) A diameter divides the circle into two unequal parts. [ ]
v) A sector is the area enclosed by two radii and a chord [ ]
vi) The longest of all chords of a circle is called a diameter. [ ]
vii) The mid point of any diameter of a circle is the centre. [ ]
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18. Find the values of x and y in the figures given below.

30º xº
yº O
50º
xº yº 85º 110º xº yº

19. For each of the following, draw a circle and inscribe the figure given. If a polygon of the given type
can’t be inscribed, write not possible.
a) Rectangle b) Trapezium c) Obtuse triangle
d) Non-rectangular parallelogram e) Acute isosceles triangle
f) A quadrilateral PQRS with PR as diameter.
V. Representation :
20. Name the following parts from the adjacent figure where ‘O’ is the centre of the circle.
C
i) AO ii) AB »
iii) BC X
iv) AC ¼
v) DCB ¼
vi) ACB B
A
vii) AD viii) shaded region
D
21. Draw the following triangles and construct circumcircles for them. X

i) In Δ ABC, AB = 6 cm, BC = 7 cm and ∠ A = 60o

ii) In Δ PQR, PQ = 5 cm, QR = 6 cm and RP = 8.2 cm
iii) In Δ XYZ, XY = 4.8 cm, ∠ X = 60o and ∠ Y = 70o
22. Draw two circles passing through A, B where AB = 5.4 cm
23. Draw a circle with any radius and then draw two chords equidistant from the centre.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. Take a thin circular sheet and fold it to half and open. Again fold it along any other half and open.
Repeat this activity for several times. Finally when you open it, what do you observe?
2. Draw a big circle on a paper and take a cut - out of it. Mark its centre of ‘O’. Fold it in half. Now make
another fold near semi - circular edge. Now unfold it. You will get two congruent folds of chords.
Name them as AB and CD. Now make perpendicular folds passing through centre ‘O’ for them.
Using divider compare the perpendicular distances of these chords from the centre. Repeat the above
activity by folding congruent chords. State your observations as a hypothesis.
3. Take a circle paper. Mark four points A, B, C and D on the circle paper. Draw cyclic quadrilateral
ABCD and measure its angles and record it in the table. Repeat this activity for three more times.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
13 GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
MIND MAPPING

Geometrical Constructions

Basic constructions Construction of

of Angles Triangles (special cases)

Exercise - 13.1 Exercise - 13.2

SYNOPSIS :
Ø A geometrical construction is the process of drawing a geometrical figure using only two instruments
- an ungraduated ruler and a compass,
Ø The number of independent measurements required to construct a triangle is three.
Ø The construction of ΔABC with BC = 6cm, ∠B = 60° and AB + AC = 5 cm is not possible due to
sum of the measures of two sides of any triangle is greater than the third side but here AB + AC < BC.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

1. The angle between the line segment and its perpendicular bisector is [ ]
a) 100° b) 80° c) 90° d) 110°

2. If PQ is the perpendicular bisector of AB at the point ‘O’ then the correct statement is [ ]
a) OP = OQ b) AB = PQ c) OA = OP d) OA = OB
KKH
3. If VS is the angle bisector of PVR and SVR = 36°, then PVR = [ ]
a) 18° b) 54° c) 72° d) 36°
4. The bisector angle of right angle is [ ]
a) 55° b) 50° c) 90° d) 45°
5. The bisector angle of straight angle is [ ]
a) 80° b) 100° c) 180° d) 90°

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KKH
6. If SR is the angle bisector of ASP , then the incorrect statement among the following is [ ]
a) ASP = ASR + RSP b) ASR = ASP − RSP
c) RSP = ASP + ASR d) RSP = ASP − ASR

7. The number of congruent angles that an angle bisector divide the given angle is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
8. The bisector angle of 45° is [ ]
a) 90° b) 22½° c) 22° d) 45°
9. The angle bisector of a reflex angle divide the angle into [ ]
a) two equal acute angles b) two equal right angles
c) two equal straight angles d) two equal obtuse angles
10. The number of independent measurements required to construct a triangle is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 4
11. The construction of triangle is not possible in the following measurements of the sides is [ ]
a) 7cm, 4cm, 12cm b) 8cm, 6cm, 5cm c) 5cm, 4cm, 3cm d) 9cm, 6cm, 4cm

12. If AB + BC = 15 cm, BC + CA = 10 cm and AB + AC = 13 cm then the perimeter of ΔABC is

a) 38 cm b) 9.5 cm c) 19 cm d) 18 cm [ ]
13. If all the three sides of a triangle are equal then it is called as [ ]
a) scalene triangle b) isosceles triangle
c) right angled triangle d) equilateral triangle
14. In an isosceles right angled triangle the measure of each acute angle is [ ]
a) 50° b) 40° c) 45° d) 55°
15. The angles can be measured using the instrument of [ ]
a) compass b) divider c) protractor d) set squares

16. Among the following not a correct statement in ΔABC is [ ]

a) AB + BC > AC b) AB + AC > BC c) AB – BC < AC d) AC – BC > AB
17. The each exterior angle in a right angled isosceles triangle is [ ]
a) acute angle b) obtuse angle c) right angle d) either b (or) c
18. The each exterior angle in an equilateral triangle is [ ]
a) acute angle b) right angle c) obtuse angle d) straight angle
19. The number of measurements required to construct a circle is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
20. The instrument required to construct a perpendicular bisector of a line segment is [ ]
a) compass b) protractor c) divider d) both a, b

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Reasoning and proof :
1. Construct Δ ABC in which BC = 7 cm, ∠ B = 75° and AB + AC = 12 cm.
2. Construct Δ PQR in which QR = 8 cm, ∠ B = 60° and AB − AC = 3.5 cm
3. Construct Δ XYZ in which ∠ Y = 30°, ∠ Z = 60° and XY + YZ + ZX = 10 cm.
4. Construct a right triangle whose base is 7.5 cm and sum of its hypotenuse and other side is 15 cm.
5. Construct a segment of a circle on a chord of length 5cm. containing the following angles.
i) 90° ii) 45° iii) 120°
II. Representation :
6. Construct the following angles 90° and 45° at the initial point of a given ray and justify the construction
7. Construct the following angles using ruler and compass and verify by measuring them by a protractor.
1
a) 30° b) 22 ° c) 15° d) 75°
2
e) 105° f) 135°
8. Construct an equilateral triangle, given its side of length of 4.5 cm and justify the construction.
9. Construct an isosceles triangle, given its base and base angle and justify the construction.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To verify that the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is twice the angle subtended by
the same arc at any other point on the remaining part of the circle, using the method of paper cutting/
folding.
2. Draw a circle, identify a point on it. Cut arcs on the circle with the length of the radius in succession.
How many parts can the circle be divided into? Give reason.
3. What happen if the angle in the circle segment is right angle? What kind of segment do you obtain?
Draw the figure and give reason.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
14 PROBABILITY
MIND MAPPING

Probability

Introduction

Random Linking the Uses of

Equally likely Trial and Events
Experiment chance of Probability
out comes
& outcomes Probability in Real life

Exercise - 14.1

SELF ACCESS
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
1. + + + + + = 2. − =
6 6 6 6 6 6 4 4
190 246
3. = 4. =
505 505
185
5. = 6. 100 × 101 =
1000
7. If one is thrown, then possible out comes =
8. If one coin is tossed, then the possible outcomes =
9. If two coins are tossed, then the possible outcomes =
SYNOPSIS :
Ø We take a decision by guessing the future happening i.e., whether an event occurs or not.
We try to measure numerically the chance of occurrence (or) non-occurrence of s0me events just as
we measure many other things in our daily life and this kind of measurement helps us to take decision
in a more systematic manner.
We study the probability to figure out the chance of something happening.
Ø There is use of words like most likely, no chance, equally likely in daily life are showing the manner
of chance and judgement.
Ø An activity that results in a well defined end is called an experiment.
Ø An experiment is called a random experiment, if all the possible outcomes are predecided.
The total number of results in an experiment are called out comes.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Ø The grading of different chances using the terms as given in the table.
Term Chance Examples from conversation
certain something that must occur Gandhiji’s birthday is on 2nd October.
more likely something that would occur Vivek watching the cricket match
with great chance
equally likely somethings that have the same Both teams winning the toss.
chance of occurring
less likely Some thing that would Vivek doing homework on the day of
occur with less chance cricket match.
impossible Something that cannot happen. Sidhu watching the cricket match
at his home.
Ø The outcomes of random experiments may be equal likely (or) may not be
A die (dice) is a well balanced cube with its six faces marked with numbers from 1 to 6 (or) dots
appear in place of numbers
Ø Each toss of a coin or each roll of die is a trial (or) random experiment.
Ø An event for an experiment (activity) is the collection of some outcomes of the experiment.
Ø Every outcome of a random experiment is an event.
Ø Probability : The probability of an event ‘A’ is calculated by using the formula.
Number of favourable outcomes for event A
P ( A) =
Number of total possible outcomes
Ø The sum of the probabilities of all out comes of a random experiment is always 1.
Uses of probability in real life :
Ø Meteorological department predicts the weather by observing trends from the data collected over
many years in the past.
Ø Insurance companies calculate the probability of happening of an accident or casualty to determine
insurance premiums.
Ø “An exit poll” is taken after the election . This involves asking voted people to which party they have
voted. This gives an idea of winning chances of each candidate and predictions are made accordingly.

Remember
F There are certain experiments whose outcomes have equal chance of occurring out comes of such
experiments are known as equally likely out comes.
F In the experiment of tossing a coin, there are only two outcomes head (or) tail and both out comes are
equally likely.
F The probability of an event is always lies between 0 and 1 (0 and 1 inclusive).
i.e 0 ≤ probability of an event ≤ 1
The probability of an event which is certain is 1.
The probability of an event which is impossible is 0.

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. The event “Gandhiji’s birth day is on 2nd October” is [ ]
a) less likely b) more likely c) certain d) impossible
2. The probability of each event lies between [ ]
a) 1 and 2 b) 0 and 1 c) –1 and 1 d) –1 and 0
3. In a random experiment, the sum of all the probabilities of a simple event is [ ]
1
a) 0 b) 1 c) –1 d)
2
4. The event of both teams in a cricket match winning the trophy is [ ]
a) certain b) equally likely c) less likely d) impossible
5. The event that you buy a lottery ticket and win the jack pot is [ ]
a) more likely b) less likely c) certain d) impossible
6. If two identical coins are tossed once, then the total number of out comes is [ ]
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
7. Among the following, an equally likely event is [ ]
a) getting rain in the march month b) tossing a coin
c) getting the cold wave in the last week of December d) both a, c
8. The event of “rolling a die and getting a number 5 on the top face” is [ ]
a) more likely b) equally likely c) less likely d) impossible
9. A bag contains 12 pencils, 3 sharpners and 7 pens. The probability of drawing a pencil from the bag is
15 3 7 6
a) b) c) d) [ ]
22 22 22 11
10. The event of “Sri Chaitanya Educational Institution” is greatest institution in Asia continent is[ ]
a) more likely b) less likely c) certain d) equally likely
11. The event of both teams in a match winning the toss is [ ]
a) certain b) less likely c) more likely d) equally likely
12. The event of getting a tail (or) head when a coin is tossed is [ ]
a) certain b) more likely c) equally likely d) less likely
13. A mathematics book contain 250 pages. If a page is selected at random, then the probability that the
number on the page selected is a perfect square is [ ]
3 3 7 7
a) b) c) d)
25 50 50 125
14. There are 5 books and 6 pens in a bag. If one item is drawn at random, then the probability of picked
one is a book is [ ]
1 6 3 5
a) b) c) d)
11 11 4 11
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
1
15. If the probability that “x” is selected in the interview is , then the probability that he is not selected
3
in the interview is [ ]
1 1 1 2
a) b) c) d)
2 3 4 3
16. A bag contains 50 coins and each coin is marked from 51 to 100. If one coin is picked at random, then
is the probability that the number on the coin is not a prime number is [ ]
4 3 2 1
a) b) c) d)
5 5 5 5
17. A coin is tossed once, then the chance of outcome will be a tail (or) head is [ ]
1 1 1 1
a) b) c) d)
4 2 3 8
18. If a coin is tossed 1000 times, and the head ocurs 625 times, then the probability of getting a tail is
5 7 3 1
a) b) c) d) [ ]
8 8 8 8
19. If two identical coins are tossed once, then the probability of getting two heads is [ ]
1 1 2 3
a) b) c) d)
2 4 3 4
20. If two identical coins are tossed once, then the probability of getting atleast one head is [ ]
2 1 3 1
a) b) c) d)
3 4 4 2
21. If two identical coins are tossed once, then the probability of getting no heads is [ ]
3 1 2 1
a) b) c) d)
4 2 3 4
22. If two identical coins are tossed once, then the probability of getting only one tail is [ ]
3 1 3 1
a) b) c) d)
2 4 4 2
Q.No. 23 – 25 : When two fair of coins are tossed simultaneously
23. The probability of getting atleast two tails is [ ]
3 1 1
a) b) c) d) 1
4 2 4
24. The probability of getting atleast one head is [ ]
1 3 1
a) b) 1 c) d)
2 4 3
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25. The probability of getting atleast one head and one tail is [ ]
1 1 3
a) b) 1 c) d)
2 4 4
26. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the number of possible out comes are [ ]
a) 6 b) 4 c) 8 d) 12
27. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting at least one head is [ ]
1 3 5 7
a) b) c) d)
4 8 8 8
28. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting at most two heads is
1 5 3 7
a) b) c) d) [ ]
4 4 4 8
29. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then the probability of getting no tail is [ ]
3 1 7 8
a) b) c) d)
8 8 8 8
30. If a dice is rolled once, then the probability of getting an even prime number is [ ]
1 1 1 1
a) b) c) d)
4 2 6 5
31. If a die is rolled once, then the number of possible out comes to get a number more than 5 on the top
face is [ ]
a) 6 b) 5 c) 2 d) 1
32. If a die is rolled, then the number of possible out comes to get an even number on the top face is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 [ ]
33. If a die is rolled once, then the number of possible out comes to get a perfect number is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
34. If a die is rolled once, then the number of possible outcomes to get a prime number is [ ]
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
35. If a die is rolled once, then the number of possible outcomes to get a perfect square number is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 [ ]
36. If a die is rolled once, then the probability of getting an odd number on the top face is [ ]
2 1 3 1
a) b) c) d)
3 3 2 2
37. If a die is rolled 25 times, then the maximum number of times, the number 5 appears on the top face is
a) 1 b) 25 c) 5 d) 0 [ ]
Q.No. 38 – 41 : If two dice are rolled simultaneously, then the Probability of
38. Getting a doublet of Even numbers is [ ]
3 1 1 5
a) b) c) d)
4 12 4 8
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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
39. Getting multiple of ‘2’ on one dice and multiple of ‘3’ on the other is [ ]
15 25 11 5
a) b) c) d)
36 36 36 6
40. Getting the sum as a prime number is [ ]
3 5 1 3
a) b) c) d)
5 12 2 4
41. Getting a doublet is [ ]
1 1 1 35
a) b) c) d)
6 36 12 36
42. If in a family there are two children, then the probabilty that there is alteast one girl in the family is
1 1 2 3
a) b) c) d) [ ]
4 2 3 4
43. If in a family there are two children, then the Probability that there are two boys in the family is
1 3 1
a) b) c) 0 d) [ ]
3 4 4

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. Find the probability of drawing each colour marble i.e., P(green), P(blue), P(red) and P(yellow)
2. Eleven bags of wheat flour, each marked 5 kg, actually contained the following weights of flour (in kg):
4.97, 5.05, 5.08, 5.03, 5.00, 5.06, 5.08, 4.98, 5.04, 5.07, 5.00
Find the probability that any of these bags chosen at random contains more than 5 kg of flour.
II. Reasoning and proof :
3. A die has six faces numbered from 1 to 6. It is rolled and number on the top face is noted. When this
is treated as a random trial.
a) What are the possible outcomes ?
b) Are they equally likely? Why?
c) Find the probability of a composite number turning up on the top face.
4. A coin is tossed 100 times and the following outcomes are recorded
Head : 45 times Tails : 55 times from the experiment
a) Compute the probability of each outcomes.
b) Find the sum of probabilities of all outcomes.
Blue

5. A spinner has four colours as shown in the figure. When we spin it once, find
e
Blu
e
Blu

a) At which colour, is the pointer more likely to stop? d

Re
Green Red
b) At which colour, is the pointer less likely to stop? Gre
Ye l
Re low
en
c) At which colours, is the pointer equally likely to stop?
Gr ed

d
ee

d) What is the chance the pointer will stop on white?

Red
R
n

e) Is there any colour at which the pointer certainly stops?

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IX Class Mathematics Common Notes
6. An insurance company selected 2000 drivers at random (i.e., without any preference of one driver
over another) in a particular city to find a relationship between age and accidents. The data obtained
is given in the following table:
Age of Drivers Accidents in one year
(in years) 0 1 2 3 More than 3 accidents
18 – 29 440 160 110 61 35
30 – 50 505 125 60 22 18
Over 50 360 45 35 15 9
Find the probabilities of the following events for a driver chosen at random from the city:
i) The driver being in the age group 18–29 years and having exactly 3 accidents in one year.
ii) The driver being in the age group of 30–50 years and having one or more accidents in a year.
iii) Having no accidents in the year.
7. What is the probability that a randomly thrown dart that hits the square board in shaded region.

III. Connection :
8. A letter is chosen from English alphabet. Find the probability of the letters being
a) A vowel b) a letter comes after P c) A vowel or a consonant d) Not a vowel

IV. Communication :
9. A bag contains five green marbles, three blue marbles, two red marbles, and two yellow marbles. If
one marble is drawn out randomly, are the four different colour outcomes equally likely? Explain.

ACTIVITY CORNER
1. To verify experimentally that the probability of getting the number of heads or tails, when two coins
are tossed simultaneously.
2. Toss a coin for number of times as shown in the table and record your findings in the table
Number of tosses Number of heads Number of tails
10
20
30
40
50
What happens if you increase the number of tosses more and more.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
15 PROOFS IN MATHEMATICS
MIND MAPPING

Proofs in Mathematics

Introduction

Mathematical statements Reasoning in Theorems, Conjectures What is a

& Verifying the statements Mathematics & Axioms Mathematical proof?

Exercise - 15.1 Exercise - 15.2 Exercise - 15.3 Exercise - 15.4

SYNOPSIS :

Ø If we think careful we can see that in our daily life we need to prove if a statement is true (or) false.
Sentences that can be judged on some criteria, no matter by what process for their being true or false
are statements.
Ø The sentences which are talking about themselves and the sentences with possibility are not statements.
Ø A mathematical statement can not be ambiguous. In mathematics a statement is only acceptable if it
is either true or false.
Ø Mathematical statements are of a distinct nature from these. They cannot be proved or justified by getting
evidence while as we have seen, they can be disproved by finding an example counter to the statement.
Ø A hypothesis is a statement or idea which gives an explanation to a series of observations.
Ø Mathematics is based on deductive reasoning : a proof is a logical deductions from a set of clear inputs.
Ø Detectives, such as Sherlock Holmes and Hercule Poirot, are such experts : they collect evidence
from a crime scene and then draw logical conclusions from the evidence to support the hypothesis
Ø The main logical tool used in establishing the truth of an unambiguous statement is deductive reasoning.
Ø The kind of reasoning we have used to solve the puzzle is called deductive reasoning. It is called
‘deductive’ because we arrive at (i.e., deduce or infer) a result or a statement from a previously
established statement using logic.
Ø Deductive reasoning also helps us to conclude that a particular statement is true, because it is a special
case of a more general statement that is known to be true.

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Ø A mathematical statement whose truth has been established (proved) is called a theorem.
Ø A conjecture is a statement which we believe is true, based on our mathematical understanding and
experience, that is, our mathematical intuition. The conjecture may turn out to be true or false.
Ø Reasoning which is based on examining a variety of cases or sets of data, discovering patterns and
forming conclusions is called inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is very helpful technique for
making conjecture.
Ø Liethagoras Theorem : In any right angle triangle the square of the smallest side equals the sum of
the other sides.
Ø In mathematics some statements are assumed to be true and are not proved, these are self-evident
truths’ which we take to be true without proof. These statements are called axioms.
Ø A straight line may be drawn from any point to any other point.
Ø A circle may be drawn with any centre and any radius.
Ø We say a collection of axioms is inconsistent, if we can use one axiom to show that another axiom is
not true.
Ø Division by zero is not defined.
Ø An axiom is a mathematical statement which is assumed to be true without proof; a conjecture is a
mathematical statement whose truth or falsity is yet to be established; and a theorem is a mathematical
statement whose truth has been logically established.
Ø A process which can establish the truth of a mathematical statement based purely on logical arguments
is called a mathematical proof.
Ø The sum of three interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
Ø The sum of three interior angles of a triangle is equal to the sum of angles on a straight line.
Ø The product of two odd natural numbers is odd.
Ø The product of any two consecutive even natural numbers is divisible by 4.
Ø It is worth mentioning here that the great Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan used very high
levels of intuition to arrive at many of his statements, which he claimed were true. Many of these have
turned out to be true and as well as known theorems.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Among the following, an incorrect statement is [ ]
a) 3 + 2 = 5 b) If x + 2 = 7, then x = 5 (or) –5
c) 9 > 8 d) –15 < – 9
2. The sentences that can be verified either true (or) false are called [ ]
a) open sentences b) equations c) expressions d) statements
3. If in a quadrilateral all sides are in equal length, then it is [ ]
a) a trapezium b) a rectangle c) a rhombus d) a parallelogram

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
4. The product of 56702 × 19992 is [ ]
a) an even b) a prime c) an odd d) can’t say
5. If the numbers are ending with zero, then they are divisible by [ ]
a) 2 b) 5 c) 10 d) all
6. The digits used in binary number system are [ ]
a) 0, 2 b) 1, 2 c) 0, 1 d) 1, –1
7. 1112 = [ ]
a) 12221 b) 13231 c) 12321 d) 12331
8. The product of two odd integers is [ ]
a) odd b) even c) prime d) none
9. The product of two even integers is [ ]
a) prime b) odd c) even d) none
10. A proof is a __________ deduction from a set of clear inputs. [ ]
a) logical b) ambiguity c) unique d) all
11. If the perimeter of a rectangle is increases, then its area is [ ]
a) increases b) decreases c) both a & b d) a or b
12. A straight line may be drawn from any point to [ ]
a) same point b) unique point c) any other points d) all
13. A circle may be drawn with any _______ and any __________ [ ]
a) centre, radius b) diameter, point c) point, radius d) none
14. The product of an odd natural number and an even natural number is always [ ]
a) natural numbers b) even numbers c) odd numbers d) prime numbers
15. If x + 7 = 18, then x = [ ]
a) 18 b) 7 c) 10 d) 11
16. The number of lines of symmetry of a rectangle is [ ]
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
17. If x > 0, then [ ]
a) 3x < x b) 3x > x c) 3x = x d) can’t say
18. The angle subtended by a diameter of a circle at a point on the circle is [ ]
a) 100° b) 95° c) 180° d) 90°
19. Among the following, a correct statement of a square is [ ]
a) all sides equal b) all angles equal c) opposite sides equal d) all
20. A statement or idea which gives an explanation to a series of observations is [ ]
a) axiom b) sentence c) hypothesis d) theorem
21. The Mathematics is based on [ ]
a) inductive reasoning b) deductive reasoning c) both a, b d) can’t say
22. The kind of reasoning we have used to solve the puzzle is called [ ]
a) deductive reasoning b) inductive reasoning c) either (a) or (b) d) both a, b
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23. A mathematical statement whose truth has been established (or) proved is called [ ]
a) a conjecture b) an axiom c) a theorem d) both a, c
24. The product of any two consecutive even natural numbers is divisible by [ ]
a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) all
25. A statement that we believe is true based on our mathematical understanding and experience is
a) a theorem b) an axion c) a conjecture d) both a and b [ ]
26. (6 × 7 × 8) + 7 = [ ]
a) 63 b) 73 c) 83 d) 93
27. The reasoning based on examining a variety of cases or sets of data discovering patterns and forming
conclusions is called [ ]
a) deductive reasoning b) inductive reasoning
c) either (a) or (b) d) both a, b
28. A mathematical statement which is assumed to be true without proof is called [ ]
a) a theorem b) an axiom c) a conjecture d) both a, b
29. The sentences which are talking about themselves and the sentences with possibility are [ ]
a) statement b) not a statement c) mathematical statement d) none
30. If a quadrilateral has all its sides and interior angles equal, then it is [ ]
a) a square b) a rectangle c) a rhombus d) a parallelogram
31. The main logical tool used in establishing the truth of _____ statement is deductive reasoning
a) not unique b) unique [ ]
c) ambiguous d) un ambiguous
32. If we multiply three consecutive whole numbers and add the middle number of them to the product
then we get the result as __________ of the middle number. [ ]
a) square b) cube c) half d) none
33. If the cube of middle number among three consecutive whole numbers is 3375, then the three numbers
are [ ]
a) 14 b) 15 c) 16 d) all
34. The most helpful technique for making conjecture is [ ]
a) inductive reasoning b) deductive reasoning c) both d) none
35. In mathematics some statements are assumed to be true and are not proved, these self evident truths
are called as [ ]
a) axioms b) theorem c) postalates d) none
36. A collection of axioms is [ ]
a) consistant b) inconsistant c) both d) none
37. The process which can establish the truth of a mathematical statement based purely on logical arguments
is called [ ]
a) a various proof b) a reasoning proof c) a mathematical proof d) none
38. 115 = [ ]
a) 160512 b) 161051 c) 100651 d) 101651

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39. The sum of three interior angles of a triangle is equal to the sum of angles on [ ]
a) a straight line b) a curved line c) a perpendicular line d) none
40. A proof is made-up of a successive sequence of statements is [ ]
a) mathematical b) open c) logical d) none
41. The reasoning which is based on examining of variety of cases or sets of data discovering pattern and
forming conclusions is called [ ]
a) inductive reasoning b) deductive reasoning c) both a & b d) none
42. If two parallel lines are intersected by ___ then the alternate angles and corresponding angles are equal.
a) line segment b) line c) transversal d) all [ ]

CCE MODEL PAPER PATTERN QUESTIONS

I. Problem solving :
1. Look at the following pattern:
i) 28 = 22 × 71, Total number of factors (2 +1) (1 + 1) = 3 × 2 = 6
28 is divisible by 6 factors i.e., 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28
ii) 30 = 21 × 31 × 51, Total number of factors (1 + 1) (1 + 1) (1 + 1) = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
30 is divisible by 8 factors i.e., 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30
Find the pattern.
(Hint : Product of every prime base exponent + 1)

II. Reasoning and proof :

2. Consider some of the other sentences like

The earth has one Moon.
Bhaskara has written the book "Leelavathi"
Think about how would you verify these to consider as statements?
These are not ambiguous statements but needs to be tested. They require some observations or
evidences. Besides, checking this statement cannot be based on using previously known results. The
first sentence require observations of the solar system and more closely of the earth. The second
sentence require other documents, references or some other records.
Mathematical statements are of a distinct nature from these. They cannot be proved or justified by
getting evidence while as we have seen, they can be disproved by finding an example counter to the
1
statement. In the statement for any real number 2x > x, we can take x = –1 or –.... and disprove
2
the statement by giving counter example. You might have also noticed that 2x > x is true with a
condition on x i.e. x belong to set N.
3. Use deductive reasoning to answer the following:
i) Human beings are mortal. Jeevan is a human being. Based on these two statements, what can
you conclude about Jeevan ?

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ii) All Telugu people are Indians. X is an INDIAN. Can you conclude that X belongs to Telugu
people.
iii) Martians have red tongues. Gulag is a Martian. Based on these two statements, what can you
conclude about Gulag?
iv) What is the fallacy in the Raju’s reasoning in the cartoon below?
4. Once again you are given four cards. Each card has a number printed on one side and a letter on the
other side. Which are the only two cards you need to turn over to check whether the following rule
holds?
“If a card has a consonant on one side, then it has an odd number on the other side.”

B 3 U 8
5. Think of this puzzle What do you need to find a chosen number from this square?
Four of the clues below are true but do nothing to help in finding the number.
Four of the clues are necessary for finding it. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Here are eight clues to use: 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
a) The number is greater than 9. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
b) The number is not a multiple of 10.
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
c) The number is a multiple of 7.
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
d) The number is odd.
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
e) The number is not a multiple of 11.
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
f) The number is less than 200.
70 75 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
g) Its ones digit is larger than its tens digit.
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
h) Its tens digit is odd.
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
What is the number?
Can you sort out the four clues that help and the four clues that do not help in finding it?
First follow the clues and strike off the number which comes out from it.
Like – from the first clue we come to know that the number is not from 1 to 9. (Strike off numbers
from 1 to 9).
After completing the puzzle, see which clue is important and which is not?
6. i) Take any three consecutive odd numbers and find their product;
for example, 1 × 3 × 5 = 15, 3 × 5 × 7 = 105, 5 × 7 × 9 – .....
ii) Take any three consecutive even numbers and add them, say,
2 + 4 + 6 = 12, 4 + 6 + 8 = 18, 6 + 8 + 10 = 24, 8 + 10 + 12 = 30 and so on.
Is there any pattern you can guess in these sums? What can you conjecture about them?
7. Prove that the sum of two odd numbers is even.
8. Prove that the product of two even numbers is an even number.
9. Prove that if x is odd, then x2 is also odd.

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III. Connection :
10. Among the sentences there are some like “Humans are meant to rule the earth” or “Ramu is a
good driver.”
These sentences are ambiguous sentences as the meaning of ruling the earth is not specific. Similarly,
the definition of a good driver is not specified.
We therefore recognize that a ‘mathematical statement’ must comprise of terms that are understood in
the same way by everyone.
11. State which of the following are mathematical statements and which are not? Give reason.
i) She has blue eyes
ii) x + 7 = 18
iii) Today is not Sunday.
iv) For each counting number x, x + 0 = x
v) What time is it?
12. Examine why they work ?
i) Choose a number. Double it. Add nine. Add your original number. Divide by three. Add four.
Subtract your original number. Your result is seven.
ii) Write down any three-digit number (for example, 425). Make a six-digit number by repeating
these digits in the same order (425425). Your new number is divisible by 7, 11, and 13.

IV. Communication :

13. We can show that (1) is true from the definition of a prime number.
Which of the sentences from the above list are of this kind of statements that we can prove
mathematically? (Try to prove).
14. “Product of two odd integers is even”. Consider 3 and 5 as the odd integers. Their product is 15,
which is not even.
Thus it is a statement which is false. So with one example we have showed this. Here we are able to
verify the statement using an example that runs counter to the statement. Such an example, that
counters a statement is called a counter example.
15. Go back to Pascal’s triangle.
Line -1 : 1 = 110
Line -2 : 11 = 111
Line -3 : 121 = 112
Make a conjecture about Line-4 and Line-5.
Does your conjecture hold? Does your conjecture hold for Line-6 too?

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16. Look at the following pattern:
12 = 1
112 = 121
1112 = 12321
11112 = 1234321
111112 = 123454321
Make a conjecture about each of the following:
1111112 =
11111112 =
Check if your conjecture is true.
17. List five axioms (postulates) used in this book.
18. In a polynomial p (x) = x2 + x + 41 put different values of x and find p (x). Can you conclude after
putting different values of x that p (x) is prime for all. Is x an element of N? Put x = 41 in p (x). Now
what do you find?
19. Find counter examples to disprove the following statements:
i) Every rectangle is a square.

ii) For any integers x and y, x2 + y 2 = x + y

iii) If n is a whole number then 2n2 + 11 is a prime.
iv) Two triangles are congruent if all their corresponding angles are equal.
v) A quadrilateral with all sides are equal is a square.

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class

MODEL PAPERS
PAPER - I
Subject : Mathematics Time : 2hr 45Min

PART - A Max. Marks : 30

Academic Problem solving Reasoning & Communi-cation Connection Repre- Total

Standard Proof sentation
Q.No. 2 8 9 12 13 6 11 1 5 3 4 9 10 13
Marks
Instructions : 1. Read all the questions.
2. Part-A answers should be written in separate answer book.
3. There are three sections in Part-A.
4. Answer all questions.
5. Every answer should written visibly and neatly.
6. There is an internal choice in Section-III.

SECTION - I 4 × 1 = 4 marks

Note : 1. Answer all the questions.

2. Each question carries 1 mark.

−25
1. Express as decimal number.
36 B

2. Find the value of ‘x’ in the figure. (3x° + 18)° 93°

A O C
3. What is the ratio of surface area of sphere and hemisphere ?
4. Express the below statement in a linear equation in two variables. The sum of the two numbers is 24.

SECTION - II 5 × 2 = 10 marks

Note : 1. Answer all the questions.

2. Each question carries 2 marks.
p
5. Express 1.25 in the form where q ≠ 0 , p and q are integers and co-primes
q
6. Verify whether 2 and 1 are zeroes of polynomial x2 - 6x + 8.

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7. What are the possible polynomial expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid whose volume is
2x2 – 8x ?
8. Find two rational numbers between 0.5 and 0.55.
9. Find the remainder when x3 + 1 is divided by (x + 1), using division method.

SECTION - III 4 × 4 = 16 marks

Note : 1. Answer all the questions.

2. Each question carries 4 marks.

10. Visualise the representation of 2.67 on the number line through successive magnification upto four
decimal places.
(OR)
Draw the graph of the equation x + 2y = 5
From the graph find
i) the solution of (x, y) where x = 3
ii) the solution of (x, y) where y = 0

1
11. Verify that x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz = ( x + y + z) ⎡⎣( x − y)2 + ( y − z)2 + ( z − x )2 ⎤⎦ .
2
(OR)
Prove that the product of two odd natural numbers is odd.
12. A conical tent was erected by army at a base camp with height 3m. and base diameter 8m. Find
i) The cost of canvas required for making the tent, if the canvas cost < 0.70 per one sq.m. can be
seated in the tent ?
ii) Find the number of person can sit in the tent, if each person requires 3.5 cm3 of air.
(OR)
In the below figure, find the value of x, y, z and a, b, c.
b°
a°
c° x° z°
y°
110° 65°

13. The volume of a cylinder is 308 cm3. Its height is 8 cm. Find its Curved surface area and total surface
area
(OR)
Simplify 4 81 − 8. 3 343 + 15. 5 32 + 225 .

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Time : 30 min PART - B Max. Marks : 10

Academic AS - I AS - II AS - III AS - IV AS - V Total

standard
Q.No. 14 15 17 26 31 32 18 23 24 27 16 19 22 28 19 30 20 21 25 33 20
Marks

1. Answer all the qestions in Part - B

2. Each question has 4 options. Write the capital letter indicating the answer in the given brackets.
3. Marks are not awarded for overwriting answers.
4. Each question carry 1 mark
20 × ½ = 10 marks

14. 5
322 = [ ]
1
A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D)
2
15. Rationalising factor of 5 + 6 is [ ]
A) 5−6 B) 5 − 6 C) 5− 6 D) 5 + 6
p
16. Express 3.25 in the form of [ ]
q
13 65 13 13
A) B) C) D)
4 2 40 20
2
17. The value of p(t) = 5t – 6t + 7 at t = –1 [ ]
A) – 18 B) 16 C) 18 D) – 16
18. The identity used in simplifying 101 × 99 is [ ]
A) (a + b)2 ≡ a2 + 2ab + b2 B) (a – b) ≡ a – 2ab + b
2 2 2

C) (a + b)(a – b) ≡ a2 – b2 D) (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + x(a + b) + ab

19. The number of zeroes of a polynomial of degree ‘n’ will have [ ]
A) n – 1 B) n + 1 C) 0 D) n
20. Which of the following represents a ray [ ]
KKKH IKKH
A) AB B) AB C) AB D) AB
21. How many dimensions a solid has [ ]
A) 4 B) 3 C) 2 D) 1
22. Find the value of ‘x°’ in the adjacent figure [ ]
A) 30°
B) 60°
3x°
C) 90° 2x° xº
D) 180°
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23. Find the value of ‘x’ in the adjacent figure [ ]
A) 120°
xº
B) 240°
C) 60° 30°
D) 90°
24. In the adjacent figure l || m and then the reason for ∠1 = ∠7 , these are ____ angles [ ]
A) adjacent
1
B) vertically opposite 2 l
C) altermate exterior 3 64 5
m
D) altermate interior 7 8
25. 2015x + 2016y = 4031 represents [ ]
A) a straight line B) a parabola C) a curved line D) a circle
26. If (2, 2) is a solution of 3x + ay = 8, find ‘a’ [ ]
A) 2 B) 0 C) 6 D) 1
27. The sum of the integers from – 2015 to 2015 is [ ]
A) 0 B) 4030 C) 1 D) 2015
28. A rectangle of length 44 cm is folded along with its breadth and formed a cylinder then radius of the
cylinder is [ ]
A) 44 cm B) 22 cm C) 7cm D) 11 cm
29. The ratio of volumes of cylinder and cone having same radii and heights is [ ]
A) 1 : 3 B) 3 : 1 C) 1 : 2 D) 2 : 1
30. Find curved surface area of a cylinder having r = x cm, h = y cm is [ ]
A) 2 π x(x + y) sq.cm B) π x2y sq.cm C) π xy sq.cm D) 2 π xy sq.cm
31. Product of first three consecutive odd natural numbers is [ ]
A) 15 B) 9 C) 0 D) 105
32. If x = 2, then find the value of (x + 5) (x + 2) [ ]
2
A) 28 B) 40 C) 20 D) x + 7x + 10

1
33. Which of the following figure represents on on nubmer line [ ]
3

A) B)
0 1 0 1 2 3
3

C) D)
0 1 2 3 0 1 1
3

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
PAPER - II
Subject : Mathematics Time : 2hr 45Min
PART - A Max. Marks : 30
Academic Problem solving Reasoning & Communi-cation Connection Repre- Total
Standard Proof sentation
Q.No. 2 8 9 12 13 6 11 1 5 3 4 9 10 13
Marks
Instructions : 1. Read all the questions.
2. Part-A answers should be written in separate answer book.
3. There are three sections in Part-A.
4. Answer all questions.
5. Every answer should written visibly and neatly.
6. There is an internal choice in Section-III.

SECTION - I 4 × 1 = 4 marks
A
Note : 1. Answer all the questions.
2. Each question carries 1 mark. 40°
x°

O
1. Find the value of ‘x’ in the adjacent figure ‘O’ is center of the circle. B C

2. What is the probability of getting two heads while tossing two coins simultaniously at once ?
3. Write the mark wise freequencies in the following frequency distribution table.
Marks 5 upto 6 upto 7
Number of students 5 11 19
4. The opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x - 2)° and (x + 48)°. Find the measurement of each
angle in the parallelogram

SECTION - II 5 × 2 = 10 marks
Note : 1. Answer all the questions.
A
2. Each question carries 2 marks.
D
5. In ΔABC , ∠B = 90° , AD = DC, AB = BC and AB = 12 cm.
Then find the area of ΔABD . B C
D
6. In the given figure the point ‘p’ bisects AB and DC. A
P B
Prove that ΔAPC ≅ ΔBPD . C

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7. Write the formula for finding mean for a grouped data and explain its terms.
8. Write the uses of probability in daily life.
9. Write the points which satisfies the statements given.
i) The point A lies at 5 cms distance from X-axis and 3 cms distance from Y-axis lieing in Q1.
ii) The point B lies at 3 cms distance from X-axis and 5 cms distance from Y-axis lieing in Q2.

SECTION- III 4 × 4 = 16 marks

Note : 1. Answer all the questions.
2. Each question carries 4 marks.
10. Centuries scored and number of cricketers in the world are given below :
No. of Centuries 5 10 15 20 25
No. of Cricketers 56 23 39 13 8
Find the mean by deviation method.
(OR)

1 1
ABC is a triangle. D and E are points on AB and AC such that AD = AB, AE = AC.
4 4
If DE = 2 cm then find the value of BC.
11. Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram divide it into four triangles of equal area.
(OR)
A bag contains 5 green, 3 blue, 2 red and 2 yellow balls. One ball is drawn out randomly.
i) Are the four different colour outcomes equally likely? Explain. P
ii) Find the sum of their probabilities. What do you observe. Q
O
12. In the figure PQ = RS and ∠ORS = 48°. Find ∠OPQ and ∠ROS . S
(OR) R A
In the adjacent figure, AB = BC and AC = CD. Then find out the ratio of

∠BAD and ∠ADB . C

D
13. Plot the points or a graph sheet. Which points lie on same line. B
A) (0, 4), B) (5, 0), C) (– 3, – 2), D) (2, –13), E) (2, 3),
F) (0, – 8), G) (– 3, 0), H) (– 3, 4), I) (0, 6), J) (– 6, 0),
K) (2, 8), L) (– 3, 2).
(OR)
In ΔABC , AB = 6.5 cm, BC = 7.2 cm and ∠A = 60°. Construct ΔABC and also construct circumcirle
to ΔABC .

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
Time : 30 min PART - B Max. Marks : 10

Academic AS - I AS - II AS - III AS - IV AS - V Total

standard
Q.No. 14 15 17 26 31 32 18 23 24 2 7 16 19 22 28 19 30 20 21 25 33 20
Marks
1. Part - B questions should be written in the question paper only.
2. Write capital letters of the most relevant answer in the brackets given.
3. Every question carries ½ mark..
4. Overwriting and corrections are not valued.
20 × ½ = 10 marks
14. Which of the following is on OY in graph [ ]
A) (4, 0) B) (0, 0) C) (– 3, 0) D) (– 3, – 2)
15. If an exterior angle and its adjacent angle in the triangle are in the ratio of 5:4, and the interior opposite
angles are in the ratio of 1:4, then the triangle is [ ]
A) Isosceles triangle B) Equilateral triangle
C) Right triangle D) Scalene triangle
16. If x > 0, y < 0 then (– x, y) lies in [ ]
A) Q1 B) Q2 C) Q3 D) Q4
17. The median of 2, 5, 3, 7, x is 4 then x = [ ]
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
18. Which of the following points abscissa is more than its ordinate by 2 [ ]
A) (– 4, 2) B) (2, 4) C) (– 1, 1) D) (1, – 1)
19. If 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 6, 7, 10, 7, 6, 7, 9, 7, 6 are the sizes of shoes, then mode is [ ]
A) 6 B) 7 C) 9 D) 10
20. In a ΔABC , AB > BC > AC then the smallest angle in the triangle is [ ]
A) ∠A B) ∠B C) ∠C D) ∠A and ∠C
21. The diagonal Cross section of a cube is [ ]
A) Square B) Rectangle C) Rhombus D) Circle
22. Test Scores 91-100 81- 90 71- 80 61- 70
Greater than 20 14 5 2
Cumulative frequency
From the above table the class interval having frequency 9 is [ ]
A) 91 - 100 B) 81 - 90 C) 71 - 80 D) 61 - 70
23. The lower boundaries of two successive classes are 19.5, 29.5, 39.5 then the class interval is
A) 10 B) 11 C) 10.5 D) 11.5 [ ]

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24. From the adjacent figure the value of x° [ ]
A B
A) 50°
B) 40°
C) 80° x°
D) 100° C D
25. When the number of observation ‘n’ is odd, then the median is which observation [ ]
th th th th
⎛n ⎞ ⎛ n + 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛n ⎞
A) ⎜ + 1⎟ B) ⎜ C) ⎜ n + ⎟ D) ⎜ − 2⎟
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠
IKKH IKH
26. If PQ || RS in the given figure, then the true statement is [ ]
IKKH IKKH A
A) AD || BE
IKKH IKKH E
B) CF || AD P Q
IKKH IKKH B F
C) BE || CF S
IKKH IKKH R
C
D) BE ⊥ CF D
IKKH IKKH
27. In ΔABC, ∠A = 70°, BE, CF are the bisectors of ∠B and ∠C meets at O [ ]
A) 80° B) 90° C) 115° D) 125°
28. The mean of first 10 whole numbers is [ ]
A) 5.5 B) 4.5 C) 5 D) 6.5
29. Which of the following represents mean through deviation method [ ]
Σxi Σfi xi Σfi di ⎛ n⎞
th

A) x = B) x = C) x = A + D) ⎜ ⎟
n Σ fi Σ fi ⎝ 2⎠
30. The probability of winning a prize is [ ]
A) 0 B) 0.5 C) 2 D) 1
31. Which of the following represents ‘Angles opposite to equal sides are equal [ ]
A A A A

A) B) C) D)
B C B C B C B C
32. From the adjacent figure x is A [ ]
A) 50°
80°
B) 130°
x
C) 100° B C D
D) 80°
33. If probability of a certain event A is p(A) = x, then p1(A) is [ ]
1 1 1
A) −1 B) 1 − C) D) 1 – x
x x x

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ACADEMIC STANDARDS - METHOD OF QUESTIONING

Academic Standards Type of questions

1) Problem solving Find, Simplify, Determine, Evaluate, Solve, Show that, Pic-
ture problems. Prepare the tables from the given data (mean, me-
dian, mode), Problems based on graphs,.

2) Reasoning - Proof Verification,Classify, Analyse, Justify your answer, Give

examples Give reasons, Proofs, Given data is sufficient or
not, Explain ( Describe), Support, Which is correct etc,.

3) Communication Standard forms (Exponential form, Rational form etc.,) Defini-

tions, To prepare the tables from raw data,To Explain the proce-
dure and relations, Conversion of given statements in symbolic
form to word form and vice versa. Data is converted into tables.
To Explain the symbols involved in the formula. Explanation of
mathematical ideas in own words.

4) Connection To give alternative method.

To connect one branch of maths to another branch of maths.
To connect maths to other subjects.
To apply different methods or concepts to solve problems.

5) Representation Constructions, graphs, 2D, 3D shapes, to draw a pictures

and Visualization To solve the problems using given tables ,
To represent the given values on the number lines.

MN

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KEY
1. REAL NUMBERS
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) b 2) d 3) d 4) b 5) c 6) d 7) b 8) b 9) a 10) b
11) c 12) d 13) a 14) b 15) d 16) a 17) a 18) c 19) d 20) a
21) b 22) d 23) b 24) b 25) a 26) b 27) d 28) c 29) c 30) d
31) a 32) d 33) c 34) c 35) a 36) b 37) c 38) a 39) d 40) d
41) a 42) b 43) c 44) c 45) a 46) c 47) b 48) a 49) c 50) d
51) d 52) c 53) a 54) a 55) c 56) b 57) a 58) d 59) b 60) a
61) b 62) d 63) c 64) d 65) c 66) b 67) a 68) b 69) a 70) c
71) d 72) a 73) b 74) b 75) c 76) a 77) b 78) a 79) c 80) b

2. POLYNOMIALS AND FACTORISATION

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) d 2) b 3) b 4) d 5) d 6) d 7) c 8) b 9) b 10) c
11) d 12) a 13) c 14) c 15) c 16) d 17) c 18) d 19) d 20) b
21) a 22) a 23) b 24) c 25) c 26) a 27) c 28) b 29) d 30) d
31) b 32) c 33) d 34) c 35) d 36) c 37) b 38) d 39) b 40) c
41) a 42) b 43) b 44) c 45) c 46) c 47) d 48) d 49) a 50) b
51) a 52) c 53) d 54) c 55) b 56) d 57) c 58) d 59) c 60) b
61) c 62) a 63) a 64) c 65) b
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.
1) D 2) A 3) B 4) E 5) C

3. THE ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) d 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) c 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) d 10) a
11) b 12) b 13) d 14) d 15) b 16) b 17) d 18) b 19) b 20) a
21) c 22) d 23) c 24) b 25) b 26) d 27) a 28) c

4. LINES AND ANGLES

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) b 4) d 5) c 6) c 7) c 8) c 9) d 10) d
11) c 12) b 13) c 14) d 15) d 16) d 17) b 18) c 19) d 20) c
21) c 22) c 23) c 24) d 25) d 26) d 27) b 28) b 29) d 30) a
31) c 32) a 33) c 34) a 35) d 36) c 37) b 38) d 39) d 40) d
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41) c 42) a 43) c 44) b 45) c 46) b 47) c 48) a 49) c 50) c
51) d 52) d 53) c 54) d 55) d 56) d 57) d 58) d 59) d 60) d

5. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) c 4) c 5) d 6) a 7) b 8) d 9) c 10) a
11) b 12) c 13) c 14) d 15) d 16) c 17) c 18) c 19) d 20) b
21) d 22) c 23) c 24) a 25) d 26) c 27) c 28) c 29) b 30) a
31) b 32) c 33) a 34) b 35) b

6. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) b 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) a 8) b 9) c 10) d
11) a 12) a 13) b 14) c 15) b 16) d 17) c 18) c 19) b 20) d
21) b 22) b 23) c 24) c 25) b 26) d 27) c 28) d 29) c 30) a
31) b 32) d 33) c
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.
1) D 2) E 3) A 4) B 5) F

7. TRIANGLES
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) d 4) c 5) b 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) c 10) d
11) d 12) d 13) b 14) b 15) c 16) b 17) b 18) b 19) c 20) c
21) d 22) d 23) c 24) d 25) d 26) b 27) d 28) b 29) d 30) c
31) d 32) c
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.
i) 1) D 2) A 3) E 4) B 5) C
ii) 1) E 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) G 6) C 7) I 8) F 9) L 10) J

8. QUADRILATERALS
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) c 4) d 5) c 6) c 7) a 8) c 9) d 10) d
11) d 12) d 13) d 14) d 15) b 16) d 17) c 18) c 19) d 20) d
21) b 22) c 23) c 24) d 25) d 26) d 27) c 28) d 29) b 30) b
31) d 32) d 33) d 34) a 35) d 36) d 37) b 38) c 39) a 40) d

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Mathematics Common Notes IX Class
41) b 42) c 43) a 44) a 45) b 46) a 47) b 48) c 49) d 50) c
51) d
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING :
i) 1) E 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) D
ii) 1) C 2) A 3) D 4) E 5) B

9. STATISTICS
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) b 5) b 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) a 10) d
11) b 12) c 13) a 14) b 15) d 16) c 17) a 18) a 19) d 20) a
21) d 22) c 23) d 24) d 25) b 26) d 27) d 28) c 29) a 30) d
31) b 32) a 33) b 34) b 35) b 36) c 37) b 38) d 39) b 40) d
41) a 42) b 43) a 44) c 45) c 46) a 47) b 48) a 49) d 50) d
51) d
10. SURFACE AREAS & VOLUMES
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) a 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) d 7) c 8) d 9) c 10) d
11) b 12) a 13) a 14) d 15) b 16) d 17) a 18) b 19) b 20) d
21) c 22) b 23) c 24) d 25) a 26) b 27) c 28) a 29) c 30) d
31) a 32) c 33) b 34) b 35) d 36) b 37) a 38) b 39) a 40) d
41) d
II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING :
i) 1) D 2) E 3) C 4) B 5) A
ii) 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) E
iii) 1) D 2) C 3) E 4) A 5) B
iv) 1) D 2) E 3) B 4) A 5) C
v) 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) A 5) C

11. AREAS
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) d 2) c 3) b 4) b 5) d 6) a 7) c 8) c 9) b 10) d
11) c 12) d 13) c 14) d 15) c 16) d 17) a 18) d 19) a 20) b
21) a 22) b 23) b 24) c 25) c 26) b 27) a 28) c 29) b 30) c

II. MATCH THE FOLLOWING :

1) E 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) D

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12. CIRCLES
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) d 4) d 5) b 6) c 7) b 8) d 9) d 10) a
11) c 12) d 13) c 14) b 15) c 16) b 17) c 18) b 19) c 20) c
21) d 22) c 23) c 24) b 25) c 26) d 27) c 28) a 29) d 30) c
31) b 32) a 33) c 34) d 35) b 36) d 37) a 38) c 39) c 40) b
41) b 42) a 43) d 44) a 45) b 46) a 47) c 48) b 49) b 50) d
51) b 52) a 53) b 54) c 55) a 56) d 57) b 58) d 59) b 60) b
61) c 62) b 63) d 64) a 65) b

13. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) d 3) c 4) d 5) d 6) c 7) a 8) b 9) d 10) b
11) a 12) c 13) d 14) c 15) c 16) d 17) d 18) c 19) a 20) a

14. PROBABILITY
I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) c 2) b 3) b 4) c 5) b 6) b 7) b 8) c 9) d 10) c
11) d 12) a 13) b 14) d 15) d 16) a 17) b 18) c 19) b 20) c
21) d 22) d 23) c 24) c 25) a 26) c 27) d 28) c 29) b 30) c
31) d 32) c 33) a 34) c 35) b 36) d 37) b 38) b 39) c 40) b
41) a 42) d 43) d

15. PROOFS IN MATHEMATICS

I. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1) b 2) d 3) c 4) a 5) d 6) c 7) c 8) a 9) c 10) a
11) d 12) c 13) a 14) b 15) d 16) a 17) b 18) d 19) d 20) c
21) b 22) a 23) c 24) d 25) c 26) b 27) c 28) b 29) b 30) a
31) d 32) b 33) d 34) a 35) a 36) a 37) c 38) b 39) a 40) a
41) a 42) c

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