New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

Equations of Circles
7
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 7A (P.7.3) 3. (a) Radius of the circle = AO

1. (a) The equation of the circle is = 0  (4)
(x  0) + (y  3) = 2
2 2 2
=4
x2 + (y  3)2 = 4 ∴ The equation of the circle is
(b) The equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = 42
(x  4)2 + (y  5)2 = 62 x2 + y2 = 16
(x  4)2 + (y  5)2 = 36 (b) Radius of the circle = BG
(c) The equation of the circle is = 9  (6)
[x  (2)] + [y  (7)] = 5
2 2 2
= 15
(x + 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = 25 ∴ The equation of the circle is
(d) The equation of the circle is (x  9)2 + (y  0)2 = 152
[x  (1)]2 + (y  4)2 = ( 5 ) 2 (x  9)2 + y2 = 225
(x + 1)2 + (y  4)2 = 5 (c) Radius of the circle = CG
(e) The equation of the circle is  11 
= 2    
1
2  2
[x  (6)]2 + (y  1)2 =   7
4 =
1 2
( x  6) 2  ( y  1) 2  ∴ The equation of the circle is
16
2
(f) The equation of the circle is 7
(x  0) + [y  (2)] =  
2 2

2 2
3
(x  5)2 + [y  (2)]2 =   49
2 x 2  ( y  2) 2 
4
9
( x  5) 2  ( y  2) 2 
4
4. (a) Radius of the circle = 19  8

2. (a) The equation of the circle is = 11

[x  (4)]2 + (y  0)2 = 92 ∴ The equation of the circle is

(x + 4)2 + y2 = 81 (x  8)2 + [y  (4)]2 = 112

(b) The equation of the circle is (x  8)2 + (y + 4)2 = 121

(x  6)2 + (y  3)2 = 72 (b) Radius of the circle = 13  (3)

(x  6)2 + (y  3)2 = 49 = 16

(c) The equation of the circle is ∴ The equation of the circle is

[x  (3)]2 + [y  (2)]2 = ( 13 ) 2 [x  (6)]2 + [y  (3)]2 = 162

(x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 13 (x + 6)2 + (y + 3)2 = 256

(c) Radius of the circle = 5  (8)
= 13
∴ The equation of the circle is
(x  5)2 + (y  7)2 = 132
(x  5)2 + (y  7)2 = 169

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.1 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

5. (a) x2 + y2 = 64  6 8
7. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
2
x +y =82 2  2 2
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (0 , 0) = (3 , 4)
and the radius is 8. Radius = 32  (4) 2  0
(b) (x  6)2 + y2 = 4 =5
(x  6) + (y  0) = 2
2 2 2
 4 2 
(b) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (6 , 0)  2 2 

and the radius is 2. = (2 , 1)

(c) (x + 1)2 + (y  5)2 = 9 Radius = 22  12  1

[x  (1)]2 + (y  5)2 = 32 =2
 12 8
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (1 , 5) (c) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2
and the radius is 3.
= (6 , 4)
(d) (x  3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 225
Radius = (6) 2  (4) 2  (29)
(x  3)2 + [y  (2)]2 = 152
=9
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (3 , 2)
 10 2 
and the radius is 15. (d) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2 
(e) 4(x + 5)2 + 4y2 = 36
= (5 , 1)
(x + 5)2 + y2 = 9
Radius = (5) 2  12  5
[x  (5)]2 + (y  0)2 = 32
= 21
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (5 , 0)
and the radius is 3.
8. (a) y2 + 4x = 6y  x2 + 3
(f) 3(x  2)2 + 3(y + 8)2 = 87
x2 + y2 + 4x  6y  3 = 0
(x  2)2 + (y + 8)2 = 29
 4 6 
(x  2)2 + [y  (8)]2 = ( 29 ) 2 Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2 
∴ The coordinates of the centre are (2 , 8)
= (2 , 3)
and the radius is 29 .
Radius = (2) 2  32  (3)
=4
6. (a) (x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25
x2  y 2
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 25 (b) = 2x  4y + 12
3
x2 + y2 + 6x + 4y  12 = 0 x2 + y2 = 6x  12y + 36
(b) (x + 7)2 + (y  4)2 = 16 x2 + y2  6x + 12y  36 = 0
x2 + 14x + 49 + y2  8y + 16 = 16  6 12 
Coordinates of the centre =   , 
x + y + 14x  8y + 49 = 0
2 2
 2 2
(c) (x  9)2 + y2 = 81 = (3 , 6)
x2  18x + 81 + y2 = 81 Radius = 32  (6) 2  (36)
x2 + y2  18x = 0 =9
(d) (x  5) + (y + 5) = 60
2 2

x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 10y + 25 = 60
x2 + y2  10x + 10y  10 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.2 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

(c) 7x2 + 7y2  28x = 49  2 6

10. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
x + y  4x = 7
2 2  2 2

x2 + y2  4x  7 = 0 = (1 , 3)
 4 0 Radius = (1) 2  (3) 2  (6)
Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2 =4
= (2 , 0) (b) Distance between A and the centre
Radius = 2  0  (7)
2 2
= (1  0) 2  (3  1) 2
= 11 = 17
(d) 12y + 6x  9 = 3x + 3y 2 2
>4
4y + 2x  3 = x + y
2 2
∴ A(0 , 1) is a point outside the circle.
x2 + y2  2x  4y + 3 = 0
 2 4  11. (a) Distance between P and the centre
Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2 
= 3  (4)
= (1 , 2)
=7
Radius = 12  22  3 ∴ P lies on the circle.
= 2 (b) Distance between P and the centre
= 5  (5)
2
 2 = 10
9. (a) (x  3)2 +  y    3 = 0
 3 >8
2
 2 ∴ P lies outside the circle.
(x  3)2 +  y   = 3
 3
(c) Distance between P and the centre
∵ The R.H.S. of the equation = 3 > 0
= (4  4) 2  (3  3) 2
∴ The equation represents a real circle.
= 10
(b) 5(x  4)2 + 5(y + 6)2 = 0
< 11
(x  4)2 + (y + 6)2 = 0
∴ P lies inside the circle.
∵ The R.H.S. of the equation = 0
(d) Distance between P and the centre
∴ The equation represents a point circle.
2 2 2 2 = [1  ( 2)]2  ( 2  1) 2
D E   4   8 
(c)   +    F =   +    21
2 2  2   2  = 18
= 1 >4
<0 ∴ P lies outside the circle.
∴ The equation represents an imaginary
circle.
(d) 3x + 3y2  18x + 24y  33 = 0
2

x2 + y2  6x + 8y  11 = 0
2 2 2 2
D E  6   8 
  +    F =   +    (11)
2 2  2  2
= 36
>0
∴ The equation represents a real circle.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.3 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

2
 3 13. x2 + (y + 3)2 = 16
 x   + (y + 4) = 36
2
12. (a)
 2 x2 + [y  (3)]2 = 42
2
 3 Coordinates of the centre = (0 , 3)
 x   + [y  (4)] = 6
2 2

 2 Radius = 4
3  ∵ a < 3
Coordinates of the centre =  , 4 
2 
∴ Distance between Q and the centre
Radius = 6
= 3  a
Distance between P and the centre
∵ Q(0 , a) is a point outside the circle.
2
3  ∴ 3  a > 4
=   4   (4  2) 2
2  a < 7
169
=
4
14. (x + 2)2 + (y  3)2 = 25
= 6.5
[x  (2)]2 + (y  3)2 = 52
>6
Coordinates of the centre = (2 , 3)
∴ P lies outside the circle.
Radius = 5
 8 18 
(b) Coordinates of the centre =   ,   ∵ b>0
 2 2 
= (4 , 9) ∴ Distance between Q and the centre
= b  (2)
Radius = (4) 2  9 2  (3)
=b+2
= 10
∵ Q(b , 3) is a point inside the circle.
Distance between P and the centre
∴ b+2<5
= [4  (12)]2  (9  3) 2
b<3
= 10
∵ b>0
∴ P lies on the circle.
∴ 0<b<3
 2 6
(c) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2
 6 4 
= (1 , 3) 15. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2 
Radius = (1) 2  (3) 2  (6)
= (3 , 2)
=4
Radius = (3) 2  2 2  (4)
Distance between P and the centre
= 17
2
 1
=  1    [3  (1)]2 (b) Substitute (3 , 2) into 2x + y + 4 = 0.
 2
L.H.S. = 2(3) + 2 + 4
25
= =0
4
= R.H.S.
= 2.5
∴ (3 , 2) satisfies the equation of L.
<4
∴ L passes through the centre of G.
∴ P lies inside the circle.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.4 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

2
 9 21. (a) Let (0 , k) be the coordinates of the centre,
16. 2 x   + 2(y  9)2 = 16k2  200k + 600
 2 where 15 < k < 0.
2
 9 [0  (9)]2  [k  (15)]2 = 15
 x   + (y  9) = 8k  100k + 300
2 2

 2
92 + (k + 15)2 = 225
∵ The equation represents a point circle.
81 + k2 + 30k + 225 = 225
∴ 8k  100k + 300 = 0
2
k2 + 30k + 81 = 0
2k  25k + 75 = 0
2
(k + 3)(k + 27) = 0
(k  5)(2k  15) = 0
k = 3 or 27 (rejected)
15
k = 5 or ∴ The coordinates of the centre are (0 , 3).
2
(b) The equation of the circle is
(x  0)2 + [y  (3)]2 = 152
17. 2x2 + 2y2 + 20x  40y  38 = 0
x2 + (y + 3)2 = 225
x2 + y2 + 10x  20y  19 = 0
2 2
 10    20 
Radius =       (19) 22. (a) Radius = 0  (5) = 5
2  2 
(b) The equation of the circle is
= 12
[x  (5)]2 + [y  (6)]2 = 52
Area of the circle = (12)2
(x + 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 25
= 144
(c) Distance between P and the centre
Perimeter of the circle = 2(12)
= [5  (8)]2  [6  (10)]2
= 24
=5
∴ P lies on the circle.
18. ∵ The equation represents a real circle.
∴ k2 + 6k + 5 > 0
(k + 5)(k + 1) > 0 23. (a) (x  4)2 + (y  7)2 = 25

k < 5 or k > 1 (x  4)2 + (y  7)2 = 52

Coordinates of the centre = (4 , 7)
Radius = 5
19. Radius of the circle = 3  (9)
= 12 (b) Substitute x = 0 into (x  4)2 + (y  7)2 = 25.

∴ The equation of the circle is (0  4)2 + (y  7)2 = 25

(x  6)2 + (y  3)2 = 122 16 + y2  14y + 49 = 25

x2  12x + 36 + y2  6y + 9 = 144 y2  14y + 40 = 0

x2 + y2  12x  6y  99 = 0 (y  4)(y  10) = 0

y = 4 or 10
∴ The coordinates of A are (0 , 10).
20. Radius of the circle = 5  (18)
= 13
∴ The equation of the circle is
[x  (5)]2 + (y  4)2 = 132
(x + 5)2 + (y  4)2 = 169
x2 + 10x + 25 + y2  8y + 16 = 169
x2 + y2 + 10x  8y  128 = 0

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.5 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

Let (p , q) be the coordinates of B. 1  1 1

(b) Slope of BG = =
∵ Coordinates of the centre 5  3 4

= coordinates of the mid-point of AB Let m be the slope of the required straight

0 p 10  q line.
∴ = 4 and =7
2 2 ∵ The required straight line is
p = 8 and 10 + q = 14 perpendicular to BG.
p = 8 and q=4 1
∴ m  = 1
∴ The coordinates of B are (8 , 4). 4
(c) ∵ ACB = 90 and BC is a vertical line. m = 4
∴ AC is a horizontal line. The equation of the required straight line is
∴ The coordinates of C are (8 , 10). y  1 = 4(x  3)
AC = 8  0 = 8 y  1 = 4x + 12
BC = 10  4 = 6 4x + y  13 = 0
1 1  0 1
Area of △ ABC =  AC  BC (c) Slope of OG = =
2 5  0 5
1
= 86 Slope of the required straight line
2
= slope of OG
= 24
1
=
5
 8 6 The equation of the required straight line is
24. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2 1
y  6 = [ x  (2)]
= (4 , 3) 5
Radius = 4 2  (3) 2  (5) 5y  30 = x + 2
= 30 x  5y + 32 = 0

(b) The equation of the required straight line is

y2 3  2 26. (a) Substitute P(6 , 8) into the equation of the
=
x  (3) 4  (3) circle.
y2 5 62 + (8)2  7(6) + 2k(8) + 6 = 0
=
x3 7 16k = 64
7y  14 = 5x  15
k=4
5x + 7y + 1 = 0
∴ The equation of the circle is
x2 + y2  7x + 8y + 6 = 0.
25. (a) 2x + 2y + 20x + 4y  46 = 0
2 2
2 2
 7   8 
x2 + y2 + 10x + 2y  23 = 0 Radius =       6
 2  2
 10 2
Coordinates of the centre =   ,   89  89 
 2 2 = or
4  2 
= (5 , 1)

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.6 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

 1 1  6 18 
(b) Substitute Q  ,   into the equation of (b) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2  2 2
the circle. = (3 , 9)
2 2
 1  1  1  1 Distance between the origin O and the centre
2   + 2   + k     10    5 = 0
 2  2  2  2 = (3  0) 2  (9  0) 2
k
 = 1 = 90
2
∵ The origin lies outside the circle.
k=2
∴ 90 > 2k  87
∴ The equation of the circle is
90 > 2k + 87
2x2 + 2y2 + 2x  10y  5 = 0
3 > 2k
5
x2 + y2 + x  5y  = 0 3
2 k
2 2 2
1  5   5
Radius =          ∵ k>0
2  2   2 3
∴ 0k 
=3 2

 12 30  29. (a) ∵ The circle is a real circle.

27. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
 2 2  2 2
D E
= (6 , 15) ∴   +   F > 0
2 2
Radius = (6) 2  152  (28) 2
 4   18 
2

  +   5k > 0
= 17 2  2 
Distance between the origin O and the centre 5k > 85
= (6  0) 2  (15  0) 2 k < 17
25
= 261 (b) 2x2 + 2y2  6x + 3ky + =0
2
< 17
3k 25
∴ The origin O lies inside the circle. x2 + y2  3x + y+ =0
2 4
(b) Distance between A(14 , 0) and the centre ∵ The circle is an imaginary circle.
= [6  (14)]2  (15  0) 2
2 2
D E
∴   +   F < 0
= 17 2 2
2
∴ A(14 , 0) lies on the circle.  3k 
 3   2  25
2

(c) Distance between B(2 , 2) and the centre   +   <0

 2   2 

4
= (6  2) 2  [15  (2)]2  
= 353 9k 2
4<0
> 17 16
∴ B(2 , 2) lies outside the circle. 9k2  64 < 0
(3k + 8)(3k  8) < 0
8 8
 6   18 
2 2  k
28. (a) Radius =       (2k  3) 3 3
 2  2
= 2k  87

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.7 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

2
 k   4 
2
k2 (b) When (k , 11) lies inside the circle,
30. Radius =       ( 16) =  20
2  2  4 9  15 < k < 9 + 15
∵ Area of the circle > 120 6 < k < 24 ......................................... (1)

 k2 
2 When (9 , k) lies inside the circle,
∴ π  20  > 120 11  15 < k < 11 + 15
 4 
 
4 < k < 26 ....................................... (2)
k2
+ 20 > 120 ∵ k must satisfy (1) and (2).
4
∴ 4 < k < 24
k2
 100 > 0
4 The possible positive integral values of k are
k2  400 > 0 1, 2, 3, …, 22 and 23.
(k + 20)(k  20) > 0 ∴ There are 23 possible positive integral
k < 20 or k > 20 values of k.

 26 18  33. (a) 3x2 + 3y2 + 15x  6y  15 = 0

31. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2  x2 + y2 + 5x  2y  5 = 0
= (13 , 9)  5 2 
Coordinates of the centre =   ,  
Radius = (13)  9  (39)
2 2
 2 2 
 5 
= 17 =   , 1
(b) (i) ∵ k > 9  2 
2
∴ Distance between (13 , k) and the  5
Radius =     12  (5)
centre  2

=k9 = 3.5

∵ (13 , k) is a point outside the circle. Distance between C(2 , 2) and the centre
2
∴ k  9 > 17  5 
=   (2)  [1  (2)]2
k > 26  2 
(ii) ∵ k < 9 37
=
∴ Distance between (13 , k) and the 4
< 3.5
centre
∴ C lies inside the circle.
=9k
Distance between D(0 , 3) and the centre
∵ (13 , k) is a point outside the circle.
2
∴ 9  k > 17  5 
=    0   (1  3) 2
k < 8  2 
41
=
4
 18  22 
32. (a) Coordinates of the centre =   ,  < 3.5
 2 2 
∴ D lies inside the circle.
= (9 , 11)
∴ The line segment joining C and D is
Radius = 9 2  112  (23)
inside the circle.
= 15

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.8 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

2  3 5 (c) ∵ a > 0
(b) Slope of CD = =
2  0 2 ∴ The centre (a , b) of C lies on the left
Let m be the slope of the required straight line. of the y-axis.
∵ The required straight line is Distance between the centre and the y-axis
perpendicular to CD. = 0  (a)
5
∴ m  = 1 =a
2
> a 2  b 2 (∵ a2 > a2  b2 > 0)
2
m = i.e. The distance between the centre and the
5
The equation of the required straight line is y-axis is greater than the radius of C.
2   5  ∴ C lies on the left of the y-axis.
y  1 =   x    
5   2 
5y  5 = 2x  5 35. (a) In △ABD and △BCD,
2x + 5y = 0 ADB = BDC = 90 given
ABD = ABC  CBD
2
 2a   2b 
2 BCD = ADB  CBD ext.  of △
34. (a) Radius =       2b 2
 2   2  ∵ ABC = ADB = 90

= a 2  b 2  2b 2 ∴ ABD = BCD

= a 2  b2 BAD = 180  ADB 

∵ a>b>0 ABD  sum of △
∴ a2 > b2 = 180  BDC 
a2  b2 > 0 BCD
= CBD  sum of △
a 2  b2 > 0
∴ C is a real circle. ∴ △ABD ~ △BCD AAA

 2a 2b  (b) ∵ △ABD ~ △BCD proved in (a)

(b) Coordinates of the centre =   , 
 2 2  AD BD
∴ = corr. sides, ~△s
= (a , b) BD CD
Distance between (2a , 2b) and the centre ∴ BD2 = AD  CD
= [a  (2a)]2  (b  2b) 2
= a 2  9b 2
> a 2  b 2 (∵ a2 + 9b2 > a2  b2 > 0)
∴ (2a , 2b) does not lie inside the circle.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.9 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B

(c) (i) 2x2 + 2y2  15x  30y = 0 (b) (i) y C: y = a(x2  26x + h)
15
x2 + 2y2  x  15y = 0
2
Coordinates of the centre P
 15  in-centre
  15  of △PAB
= 2 ,  
 2 2  C
 x
  O A B
 15 15  x = 13
= , 
4 2
P and the in-centre of △PAB lie on the
∵ ADB = 90
perpendicular bisector of AB.
∴ AB is a diameter of the circle.
The distance between the in-centre of
Let (h , k) be the coordinates of B.
△PAB and AB is k.
Coordinates of the centre
∴ The coordinates of the in-centre of
= coordinates of the mid-point of AB
△PAB are (13 , k).
0  h 15 0  k 15
= and = (ii) Let G be the in-centre of △PAB and Q
2 4 2 2
15 be the mid-point of AB.
h= and k = 15
2 ∵ k=5
 15  ∴ The coordinates of G are (13 , 5).
∴ The coordinates of B are  , 15 .
2 
The equation of C  is
(ii) AD = (12  0) 2  (9  0) 2 = 15 (x  13)2 + (y  5)2 = 52
 15 
2
x2  26x + 169 + y2  10y + 25 = 25
BD = 12    (9  15)2 = 7.5
 2 x2 + y2  26x  10y + 169 = 0
From the result of (b), we have Join AG.
BD = AD  CD
2 P

7.52 = 15  CD
CD = 3.75
G
∴ AD : CD = 15 : 3.75
C
=4:1 A B
Q
16
36. (a) x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation AB 16
GQ = 5 and AQ = = =8
a(x2  26x + h) = 0, i.e. x2  26x + h = 0. 2 2
 26 In △GAQ,
∴ x1 + x2 =  GQ
1 tan GAQ =
x1  x2 AQ
= 13
2 5
=
∴ The equation of the perpendicular 8
bisector of AB is x = 13. GAQ = 32.005, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
∵ AG is an angle bisector of PAB.
∴ PAB = 2GAQ
= 2  32.005
= 64.0, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

© Oxford University Press 2015 7A-7.10 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5B07