Grade 12 LM PR2 1 Module1
Grade 12 LM PR2 1 Module1
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Module 1, Quarter 1, Week 3
Practical Research 2
Grade 11/12 Module 1 Quarter 1, Week 3
First Edition, 2020
Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
This module will provide you with activities and information that will help you
understand the salient features of Qualitative Research.
Pre-test. Direction: Choose the letter of the answer of your choice. Use a separate
sheet of paper.
4
____1. Which of the following refers to a systematic empirical investigation of
occurrences that is observable using statistical, mathematical or computational
techniques?
____5. Which of the following research designs is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in natural setting without any manipulation or
control?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
Read and analyze the statement below. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the
statement is False.
____6. The money that could be spent is a significant barrier to consider in conducting
quantitative research.
____8. Quantitative research is conducted on significant sample size that represents the
population to assure the reliability of results.
____9. Researchers can use quantitative approach to focus on a specific fact that they
want to study in a given population.
____10. Quantitative approach doesn’t look for the reason why variables exist in specific
environments.
5
Lesson 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research
Jump Start
______ ______
______ ______
6
Direction: Draw a graphic organizer that gives the salient features/ characteristics of
Quantitative Research.
7
Discover
c. Replicable: The study could be repeated that gives a high reliability of results.
e. Numerical: Data are in the form of numbers and statistics that are arranged
in tables, charts and figures or in other textual forms. This makes it easy to
understand and proves the validity of the research.
8
What are the strengths and weaknesses of Quantitative Research?
1. This method does not consider the meaning behind social phenomenon.
It does not care about the motives that people have when sharing an opinion or
making decisions.
2. Quantitative research studies can be very expensive. The money that could
be spent is a significant barrier to consider in conducting quantitative research.
9
What are the kinds of quantitative research designs?
The function of the research design is to assure that evidence obtained enables
the researcher to effectively address the problem as unambiguously as possible. The
problem that will be answered in the research determines the kind of research that
should be used in the study.
Quantitative Research
Experimental Non-Experimental
Pre-Experimental Descriptive
Epidemiological
10
b. True Experimental Research Design: This type of research design relies on
statistical analysis to prove or disprove a hypothesis, making it the most accurate type
of research. This type of research can establish a cause-effect relationship with-in a
group. In a true experiment, there are factors need to be considered:
3. Random Distribution
c. Quasi- Experimental Research Design: The word “quasi” indicates similarity. In this
research, an independent variable is manipulated but the participants of the group are
not randomly assigned. Quasi-research is used in field settings where random
assignment is either irrelevant or not required.
What is Non-Experimental Research Design?
11
to compare two distinct groups in terms of knowledge, perceptions,
attitudes and physical of psychological symptoms.
b. Correlational Design
12
Explore
______
______ ______
Quantitiave
Research
______ ______
Enrichment Activity 2: From the words listed in the previous activity, explain in
your own words each of the characteristics of quantitative research. Make your
answers brief yet substantial.
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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Enrichment Activity 3: Read and analyze the statements below and determine
whether it is a strength or weakness of quantitative research. Write S for strength
and W for weakness.
____1. Quantitative research requires higher sample size to assure the reliability of
results.
____2. Data could be easily collected in a quantitative research that allows you to save
time and effort.
____3. Results could be verified in a quantitative research study.
____4. A quantitative research study requires you to spend more money in the
replication of survey forms and in procuring necessary tools and equipment needed for
the study.
____5. Results of this research method can be generalized to take appropriate actions
for improvement
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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Deepen
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
16
Gauge
____4. Which of the following research designs allows the researcher to examine the
phenomenon with reference to time?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
____5. Which of the following research designs is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in natural setting without any manipulation or
control?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
____6. The design that design that lets the researcher connect the present to the future
and starts with the cause and arrive with a presumed effects is __________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
____7. A design where the researcher studies the current situation by seeking facts and
figures from the past is ________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
17
____8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?
18
Module 1 Key Answers
Pre-test. Direction: Choose the letter of the answer of your choice. Place it in the
blank provided before each number.
____B4. Which of the following research designs allows the researcher to examine the
phenomenon with reference to time?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
____A5. Which of the following research designs is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in natural setting without any manipulation or
control?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
Read and analyze the statement below. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the
statement is False.
T 10. Quantitative approach doesn’t look for the reason why variables exist in specific
environments.
19
Jump Start
investigatipn countable
testing quantifiable
Replicable
Quantitaive
Objective Numerical
Research
Use
structured
research
instruments
20
Enrichment Activity 1: Through a graphic organizer, list down the characteristics
of quantitative research. (Answers may vary)
Use
Structured
Research
Design
Objective Replicable
Quantitiav
e Research
Have
clearly
Numerical
defined
objectives
Enrichment Activity 2: From the words listed in the previous activity, explain in
your own words each of the characteristics of quantitative research. Make your
answers brief yet substantial.
21
Enrichment Activity 3: Read and analyze the statements below and determine
whether it is a strength or weakness of quantitative research. Write S for strength
and W for weakness.
S 1. Quantitative research requires higher sample size to assure the reliability of results.
S 2. Data could be easily collected in a quantitative research that allows you to save
time and effort.
W 4. A quantitative research study requires you to spend more money in the replication
of survey forms and in procuring necessary tools and equipment needed for the study.
S 5. Results of this research method can be generalized to take appropriate actions for
improvement
Enrichment Activity 4: Select and explain briefly at least 5 of the different
research designs you have learned.
(Please refer to the previous rubric in rating students’ responses).
Deepen (Answers may vary depending on student’s specialization.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
22
____A 1. Which of the following refers to a systematic empirical investigation of
occurrences that is observable using statistical, mathematical or computational
techniques?
____A 5. Which of the following research designs is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in natural setting without any manipulation or
control?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
____A 6. The design that design that lets the researcher connect the present to the future
and starts with the cause and arrive with a presumed effects is __________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
____C 7. A design where the researcher studies the current situation by seeking facts
and figures from the past is ________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
23
d. It makes use of words in interpreting results.
____A 9. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?
a. This method does not consider the meaning behind social phenomenon
b. You can collect more information quickly
c. Quantitative Research uses randomized samples
d. Results duplication is possible
24
Target
Research has been very vital across all fields. It uncover differences that are
hidden within categories. It results to the improvement of our way of life and gives
comfort to people in all aspects. It’s importance ranges from technological inventions to
medical research. It solves complicated problems and makes the world a better place to
live and improves our living condition.
In the previous module, you have learned about the characteristics, strengths
and weaknesses and the different kinds of quantitative research. You were able to grasp
that quantitative research makes use of numerals in interpreting results and a lot more.
For the next module, it will help you understand the importance of Quantitative
Research in different fields.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
25
Pre-Test
Direction: Read and analyze the statements below and determine if it TRUE of
FALSE. Write T if it is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.
____2. Research inculcates Scientific Thinking and promotes the development of our
way of life
____3. Anthropology is a research method of combing qualitative and quantitative
research data
____8. STEM researches lead to the understanding of social interactions that may lead
to the formulation of new theories and practices that contribute to societal development
and welfare
____9. Researches in the Social Sciences help in determining the effectiveness and even
side effects of drugs and therapies in different population.
____10. The primary function of research in ABM is to correctly determine its customers
and their preferences, establish an enterprise in its most feasible location.
26
Lesson II Nature of Inquiry and Research
Jumpstart
Direction: Analyze and arrange the jumbled letters found below. Write your answer in
the blank provided.
1. N A I E U D C O T
Y G O H L O O P R N A T
2.
H T I U E I M N A S
3.
E I N G E R N E I G N
4.
O U C Y C C N N A T A
5.
6. E D C M I I E N
S E S N S I B U
7.
A T I S H E T M A C M
8.
9. E C E N I C S
10. Y G O N O L E C T H
27
Direction: Explain the importance of quantitative research based from the words
formed in the previous activity. Make your answers brief but substantial.
1. _________________
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2. _________________
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3. _________________
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4. _________________
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5. _________________
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6. _________________
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7. _________________
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8. _________________
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9. _________________
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10. _________________
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28
Discover
In the area of Accounting Business and Management, researches can help design
a new product service figuring out what is needed to ensure that the development of a
29
product is highly targeted towards demands. Businessman can also utilize research
results to guarantee sufficient distribution of products and decide where they need to
increase their product distribution. It may also help a small business decide of the
procedure or strategy should be changed to meet the requirement of the customers.
Research is important for any organization to remain competitive in the market. The
primary function of research in ABM is to correctly determine its customers and their
preferences, establish an enterprise in its most feasible location, deliver quality goods,
and services, analyze what the competitors are doing and find ways on how to
continuously satisfy the growing and varied client’s needs.
30
Explore
Enrichment Activity 1: Using the graphic organizer found below, list down the
importance of Quantitative Research across the different fields.
Education
Accountancy
Business and
Administartion
31
Science,
Technology,
Engineering and
mathematic
Humanities
and Social
Science
Anthropology
32
Deepen
Direction: Using the graphic organizer found below, list down the
impact/application/importance of quantitative research in your own field of
specialization.
_________
_________ _________
Quantitaive
Research
_________ _________
Direction: In not more than 100 words, write a reflective essay showing the importance
of quantitative research in your future career based on your field of specialization.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
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33
Gauge
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in the blank
provided before each number.
a. Researches can help design a new product service figuring out what is not
needed by the community
b. Research results could never guarantee sufficient distribution of products and
decide where they need to increase their product distribution
c. Correctly determine its customers and their preferences, establish an
enterprise in its most feasible location, deliver quality goods, and services.
d. None of these
34
4. Which of these correctly describes the importance of quantitative research in Science
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics?
a. Researches are done to obtain significant information about disease trends
and risks factors.
b. Research does not determine the effectiveness and even side effects of drugs
and therapies in different population
c. providing designs that are not creatively beautiful and at the same time give
more convenience and efficiency
d. None of these
5. Which of these correctly describes the importance of quantitative research in the field
of Humanities and Social Sciences?
a. Research helps in providing solutions to the social problems felt by people
b. Researches lead to the misunderstanding of social interactions
c. Research lead to the formulation of new theories and practices that contribute
to societal chaos.
d. None of these
Direction: Determine the area of discipline where the following statements fall.
Choose the letter of your choice inside the box.
____7. Human behavior in the society, racial conflicts, and human evolution.
____8. Improvement of educational practices that may lead to more quality learning of
the students.
____9. Validates, test and challenge existing educational practices that may lead to
reforms which more contextualized, localized and responsive to the needs of the learners
____10. Design a new product service figuring out what is needed to ensure that the
development of a product is highly targeted towards demands.
____11. Correctly determine its customers and their preferences, establish an enterprise
in its most feasible location, deliver quality goods, and services, analyze what the
competitors are doing.
____12. Obtain significant information about disease trends and risks factors, results of
various health interventions, patterns of care and health care cost and use.
____13. Provide designs that are creatively beautiful and at the same time give more
convenience and efficiency as they utilize modern technology to adopt to the ever-
changing society.
35
____14. Provide solutions to the social problems felt by people.
____15. Understanding of social interactions that may lead to the formulation of new
theories and practices that contribute to societal development and welfare
Pre-Test
Direction: Read and analyze the statements below and determine if it TRUE of
FALSE. Write T if it is TRUE and F if it is FALSE.
____T 2. Research inculcates Scientific Thinking and promotes the development of our
way of life
____F 6. In the area of Accounting Business and Management, researches can’t help
design a new product service figuring out what is needed to ensure that the development
of a product is highly targeted towards demands
____T 7. Researches in the field of social sciences deal more on societal behaviors and
social issues.
____F 8. STEM researches lead to the understanding of social interactions that may lead
to the formulation of new theories and practices that contribute to societal development
and welfare
____T 9. Researches in the Social Sciences help in determining the effectiveness and
even side effects of drugs and therapies in different population.
____T 10. The primary function of research in ABM is to correctly determine its
customers and their preferences, establish an enterprise in its most feasible location.
36
Jump Start
Direction: Analyze and arrange the jumbled letters found below. Write your answer in
the blank provided.
1. N A I E U D C O T Education
Y G O H L O O P R N A T
2. Anthropology
H T I U E I M N A S
3. Humanities
E I N G E R N E I G N
4. Engineering
O U C Y C C N N A T A
5. Accountancy
6. E D C M I I E N Medicine
S E S N S I B U
7. Business
A T I S H E T M A C M
8. Mathematics
9. E C E N I C S Science
10. Y G O N O L E C T H Technology
Jumpstart Activity II
Direction: Explain the importance of quantitative research based from the words
formed in the previous activity. Make your answers brief but substantial.
Enrichment Activity 1: Using the graphic organizer found below, list down the
importance of Quantitative Research across the different fields.
37
Deepen
Direction: Using the graphic organizer found below, list down the
impact/application/importance of quantitative research in your own field of
specialization.
Direction: In not more than 100 words, write a reflective essay showing the importance
of quantitative research in your future career based on your field of specialization.
Note: Use the rubric in the previous module in assessing student’s responses.
Guage
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in the blank
provided before each number.
a. Researches can help design a new product service figuring out what is not
needed by the community
b. Research results could never guarantee sufficient distribution of products and
decide where they need to increase their product distribution
c. Correctly determine its customers and their preferences, establish an
38
enterprise in its most feasible location, deliver quality goods, and services.
d. None of these
D 4. Which of these correctly describes the importance of quantitative research in
Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics?
Direction: Determine the area of discipline where the following statements fall.
Choose the letter of your choice inside the box.
E 8. Improvement of educational practices that may lead to more quality learning of the
students.
E 9. Validates, test and challenge existing educational practices that may lead to reforms
which more contextualized, localized and responsive to the needs of the learners
B 10. Design a new product service figuring out what is needed to ensure that the
development of a product is highly targeted towards demands.
B 11. Correctly determine its customers and their preferences, establish an enterprise
in its most feasible location, deliver quality goods, and services, analyze what the
competitors are doing.
D 12. Obtain significant information about disease trends and risks factors, results of
various health interventions, patterns of care and health care cost and use.
39
D 13. Provide designs that are creatively beautiful and at the same time give more
convenience and efficiency as they utilize modern technology to adopt to the ever-
changing society.
C15. Understanding of social interactions that may lead to the formulation of new
theories and practices that contribute to societal development and welfare
Target
40
Pre-Test
Direction: Match Column A to Column B. Write your answers in the blank provided
before each number.
Column A Column B
___.1 Elements or entities, or factors that can change. a. Interval Variables
___.2 Values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of b. Ratio Variables
numbers
___.3 Have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range c. Dependent Variable
of numbers when there is an absolute zero
___.4 Have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range d. Independent Variable
of numbers when there is an absolute zero
___.5 It is the factor that is observed and measured to e. Control Variables
determine the effect of the independent variable
___.6 Factors controlled by the experimenter to cancel out f. Confounding Variables
or neutralize any effect on the observed phenomenon
___.7 Those that are not actually measured or observed in g. Nominal Variables
the study. They exist but their influence cannot be directly
detected in the study
___.8 Factor that theoretically effects observed h. Variables
phenomenon but can not be seen, measured or
manipulated
___.9 Represents categories that cannot be ordered in any i. Ordinal Variables
particular way.
___.10 Represents categories that could be ordered from j. Intervening Variables
smallest to greatest.
41
Lesson III Nature of Inquiry and Research
Jump Start
___
___
42
Discover
The root of the word variable is related to the “vary” which should help us
understand what variables might be. Variables are elements or entities, or factors that
can change; for example, temperature, the cost of gasoline and your weight are all
examples of variables. A variable is not only something that we could measure, but also
something that we can manipulate and something we can control.
Types of Variables
A. Continuous Variable
2. Ratio Variables: Have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of
numbers when there is an absolute zero.
B. Discrete Variables
Types of Variables
Independent Variables: Variables which are manipulated or controlled or
changed. It is what the researcher studies to see its relationship or effects
(presumed possible cause). In other words, independent variables are those that
cause changes in the subject.
Example: In a salt tolerance experiment, the amount of salt added to each plant’s
water is an independent variable.
43
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is a response variable or output. It
is the factor that is observed and measured to determine the effect of the
independent variable; it is the factor that appears, disappears and varies as the
researcher introduces, removes or varies the independent variable.
Example: (Salt tolerance experiment) Pot size and soil type might affect plant
survival as much as more than salt additions. In an experiment you would control
these potentials by holding them constant.
44
Explore
Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.
Enrichment Activity 1: Knowing the definition of variables, check all words in the list
that can operate as a variable in r research.
Enrichment Activity 2: Read carefully the statements below and try to identify the
dependent and independent variable. Write your answers in the blank provided.
a. A student studies 3 types of bread. He measured the time it takes to grow molds.
DV: ____________________________________________________________________________
IV: _____________________________________________________________________________
b. The masses of rats were measure after they were fed with different types of cheese
DV: _____________________________________________________________________________
IV: ______________________________________________________________________________
c. A student changes the number of hours he studies for a test to see how it affects his
test scored.
DV: _____________________________________________________________________________
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IV: ______________________________________________________________________________
IV: ______________________________________________________________________________
Deepen
Using your phone and internet connection, search for at least 5 titles related to your
own filed of specialization (HUMSS, STEM, TVL, GAS, ABM) and try to identify the
dependent and independent variable. Use the template found below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
46
Gauge
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in the blank
provided before each number.
____1. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers
when there is an absolute zero are called __________.
a. Interval Variables c. Ordinal Variable
b. Nominal Variable d. Ratio Variable
____2. Variable whose data values are ranged in real interval and can be as large as from
negative infinity to positive infinity are ________.
____6. Factors that theoretically effects observed phenomenon but cannot be seen,
measured or manipulated are __________.
47
____8. Number of students taking a statistics course is an example of what type of
variable?
a. Discrete Variable c. Independent Variable
b. Continuous Variable d. Intervening Variable
____11. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what is
the independent variable?
____13. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what is
the intervening variable?
a. Higher Education c. Higher income
b. Better occupation d. None of these
____14. In the statement; “How Stress Affects the Mental State of Human beings,” what
is the dependent variable?
48
____A 1. Which of the following refers to a systematic empirical investigation of
occurrences that is observable using statistical, mathematical or computational
techniques?
____A 5. Which of the following research designs is used in observing, documenting and
describing a phenomenon occurring in natural setting without any manipulation or
control?
a. Descriptive c. Correlational
b. Developmental d. Epidemiological
____A 6. The design that design that lets the researcher connect the present to the future
and starts with the cause and arrive with a presumed effects is __________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
____C 7. A design where the researcher studies the current situation by seeking facts
and figures from the past is ________.
a. Prospective Research Design c. Retrospective Research Design
b. Cross-sectional design d. Cohort Design
49
d. It makes use of words in interpreting results.
____A 9. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?
a. This method does not consider the meaning behind social phenomenon
b. You can collect more information quickly
c. Quantitative Research uses randomized samples
d. Results duplication is possible
50
Module 3 Key Answer
Direction: Match Column A to Column B. Write your answers in the blank provided
before each number.
Column A Column B
H.1 Elements or entities, or factors that can change. a. Interval Variables
Enrichment Activity 1: Knowing the definition of variables, check all words in the list
that can operate as a variable in research.
51
Enrichment Activity 2: Read carefully the statements below and try to identify the
dependent and independent variable. Write your answers in the blank provided.
Dependent Variable: Variables that represents the outcome of the experiment.
Deepen:
1.
2.
3.
52
4.
5.
Gauge:
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in the blank
provided before each number.
____D 1. Variables that have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers
when there is an absolute zero are called __________.
a. Interval Variables c. Ordinal Variable
b. Nominal Variable d. Ratio Variable
____A 2. Variable whose data values are ranged in real interval and can be as large as
from negative infinity to positive infinity are ________.
____D 6. Factors that theoretically effects observed phenomenon but cannot be seen,
measured or manipulated are __________.
53
____D 8. Number of students taking a statistics course is an example of what type of
variable?
a. Discrete Variable c. Independent Variable
b. Continuous Variable d. Intervening Variable
____B 10. Variables that are held constant are called _______.
a. Dependent Variables c. Independent Variable
b. Control Variable d. Intervening Variable
____A 11. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what
is the independent variable?
____B 13. In the statement; “Higher Education typically leads to higher income,” what
is the intervening variable?
a. Higher Education c. Higher income
b. Better occupation d. None of these
____C 14. In the statement; “How Stress Affects the Mental State of Human beings,”
what is the dependent variable?
54
References
Books
Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research II. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Paler-Calmorin, Laurentina. 2017. Research and Thesis Writing. Manila: Rex Book
Store.
Website
2017. America's Environemntal College. March 23. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://unity.edu/sustainability.
Begun, Audrey. n.d. Overview of Quantitaive Study Variables. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://ohiostate.pressbooks.pub.
Bevans, Rebecca. 2019. "Scribbr." November 21. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://www.scribbr.com.
—. 2019. Scribbr. November 21. Accessed July 25, 2020. https://www.scribbr.com.
Chaturvedi, Dr. Ankita. n.d. "Slide Share." Slideshare.Net. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://www.slideshare.net.
Moreno, Sebastian. 2020. "Quora." Quora.com. July 12. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://www.quora.com.
Mustafa, Ali. n.d. "SlideShare." SlideShare.Net. Accessed July 26, 2020.
https://slideshare.net.
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