ENG 1101: Introduction to

Engineering

Lecturer: Engr. Dr. Nuruddeen

M.M
MNSE, RE(COREN), MNISTRE, MNICE
 Course Outline

Definition of Engineering

The Engineering profession (NSE,
COREN etc)
• History of Engineering
• Introduction to Engineering design processes
• Introduction to Engineering communication
(reports, presentations)
• Introduction to computational engineering
tools (excel, etc)
• Engineering and Sustainable development
History of Engineering

Pre-Scientific revolution

Industrial revolution

Second industrial revolution

Information revolution
 Pre-scientific Revolution

The forerunners of engineers, practical artists
and craftsmen, proceeded mainly by trial and
error. Yet tinkering combined with imagination
produced many marvellous devices and
monuments. The ancient Egyptians temples
and monuments such as the great Pyramids
are examples of craftsmanship and intuitive
engineering ingenuity.

The prehistory of modern engineering features

ancient master builders and Renaissance
engineers such as Leonardo da Vinci.
Pre-scientific Revolution

Roman aqueduct
aqueduct:
: Pont du
Gard, N^ımes
N^ mes,
mes, France

Great Wall of China

Seven wonders of the ancient world

1. Great Pyramid at Giza,

Egypt
2. Hanging Gardens of
Babylon, Mesopotamia
3. Statue of Zeus at Olympia,
Greece
4. Temple of Artemis at
Ephesus, modern Turkey
5. Tomb of King Mausolos of
Karia at Halikarnassos,
Greece
6. Colossus of Rhodes,
Mediterranean
7. Pharos Lighthouse of
Alexandria, Egypt
(Wikipedia Commons)
Industrial Revolution

From the eighteenth through early nineteenth
century, civil and mechanical engineers changed
from practical artists to scientific professionals.

This phase of engineering lasted through the

First Industrial Revolution, when machines,
increasingly powered by steam engines, started
to replace muscles in most production. While
pulling off the revolution, traditional artisans
transformed themselves to modern
professionals.
Second Industrial Revolution

In the century before World War II, chemical,
electrical, and other science based engineering
branches developed electricity,
telecommunications, cars, airplanes, and mass
production.

The second industrial revolution, symbolized

by the advent of electricity and mass production,
was driven by many branches of engineering.
Information Revolution

As engineering science matured after the war,
microelectronics, computers, and
telecommunications jointly produced
information technology.

Microelectronics, telecommunications, and

computer engineering joined force to
precipitate the information revolution in which
intellectual chores are increasingly alleviated
by machines.
History of Engineering
History of Engineering
 HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• Early in the 20th century the Public Works Department Technical

School was established in Lagos to give three-year training to students
after secondary school to produce technicians.

•The Higher College Yaba was established in 1933 – 34 to train very

good students from the best secondary schools where science subjects
were well taught, first for two years up to the London Intermediate
level, followed by another two-year course in engineering to produce
“African” or “Assistant” Engineers who were placed on salaries 31 %
lower than the salary of Nigerian graduate engineers trained abroad.

• A few of the products of the PWD Technical School and several

students of Yaba Higher College before or after completing the college
diploma programme had scholarship to go abroad to earn university
degrees and industrial experience to become professional engineers.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• The University College of Ibadan which was established in 1948

admitted students who had completed secondary school into the
first two years of engineering degree programme after which
students who performed satisfactorily were awarded
intermediate B.Sc. and admitted to British Universities to
complete the remaining three years of the engineering degree
programme.

•The Nigerian College Zaria which ran engineering programmes,

was established in 1955 and 5 sets of students graduated from
there with B.Sc. (London) External degree from 1960 – 1964.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• A few years after Nigeria gained independence, in 1960,

four universities were established which started to run
engineering programme. The first set of students to be
awarded Nigerian university degree in engineering
graduated from ABU in 1965. Several more universities
were established in the 1970’s and the decades that
followed.
•There are currently over 130 universities in Nigeria with 46
of them running engineering programmes.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• The Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) was formed in

the United Kingdom between June 1957 and February 1958
when the inauguration ceremony took place at the Nigeria
House in London. At first the founding fathers were
concerned with meeting the peculiar needs of engineering
students studying in the U.K. and the graduate engineers
undergoing practical training to become chartered
engineers, as well as overcoming the challenge of racial
discrimination experienced by Nigerian engineers as they
practiced their profession in Nigeria.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• The NSE was reconstituted in Nigeria in January 1959

and the London based organization formed earlier
became its first branch. Although many Nigerian
engineers especially those employed by the government
were hesitant to identify with the NSE at first because
many of them were members of British Institutions and
consequently also members of West African Joint
Group of Engineers (WAJGE), with the passage of
time, the NSE gradually waxed stronger while the
WAJGE later known as West Africa Joint Group of
Professional Engineers, gradually declined until it was
finally disbanded in 1971.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• The NSE now has branches in many towns in Nigeria

and also several divisions such as Nigerian Institution
of Civil Engineers, Nigerian Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, etc.

•The Association of Consulting Engineers, Nigeria

(ACEN) was formed in 1971 by a group of senior
engineers in the private sector to ensure that the ethics
of the engineering profession was observed by
consulting engineers. ACEN is closely linked with the
NSE and it is seen as a chapter of the NSE.
 …HISTORY OF ENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

• COREN was established by decree 55 of 1970 as

Council of Registered Engineers of Nigeria and its
name was amended by decree 27 of 1992 as the
Council for the Regulation of Engineering in
Nigeria to accommodate all cadres in the
engineering family in the mandate of COREN. The
law establishing COREN is now an Act of
Parliament, Engineers (Registration, etc) Act Cap
E11 of the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004.
Engineering Design Process
In the course of creating new products,
engineering design uses available technology to
improve performance, lower cost, or reduce
risk.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD DESIGNER

Curiosity about how things work. Seeing other design solutions provides you
with a toolbox of ideas from which you can draw when faced with a similar design
challenge.

Unselfishness. A key ingredient to effective teaming is suppressing ego and

sacrificing personal comfort to serve the best interests of the team.

Fearlessness. It takes a leap of faith to step into the unknown and create something
new.

Persistence. Setbacks are inevitable in the course of a design project. Remain

resilient and determined in the face of adversity.

Adaptability. Conditions during the design process are constantly evolving. Be

prepared to take action in response to those new conditions.
STEPS OF DESIGN PROCESS
STEP 1: Problem Identification

This involves recognizing the Need for a Product

or a Service.

“every time someone complains about a situation, or

about a task, or curses a product, right there, there is an
opportunity for a product or a service.”
Design Optimization Procedure
Any QUESTIONS?
BRIDGES
A bridge is a structure built to span physical
obstacles without closing the way underneath such
as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of
providing passage over the obstacle. There are many
different designs that each serve a particular
purpose and apply to different situations
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
BRIDGES
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
Using cardboard, produce a bridge model that can
span 500mm.
The model that can support the highest load will
have the highest marks. Follow the standard
design processes.
Time allowed is 2 weeks