Module 5 – Other National Security Concerns

Lesson 18 - National Security Concerns

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

a)recognize the National Security Council and the National Security Policy 2017-2022;
b) enumerate the internal and external threats to national security;
c)appreciate therole of education in promoting peace for national security.

Learning Content
The Philippines’ national security according to National Security Council (NSC) is “a state
or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our
institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are
permanently protected and continuously enhanced” (Banloi, 2010). The National Intelligence
Coordinating Agency (NICA) defines national security as “the state or condition wherein the
people’s way of life and being are protected and/or advanced”. It is the primary concern of the
state to ensure the welfare and well-being of every Filipino.

Functions of National Security Council

The NSC’s function is to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign
and military policies relating to national security. The NSC also serves as the President’s principal
arm for coordinating these policies among various government departments and agencies in matters
involving national security.

Internal and External Threats

Internal Threats

1. The main internal threat arises from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), Abu
Sayaf Group (ASG) which, in open rebellion against the government, has the avowed
objective of establishing an independent Islamic state in the Southern Philippines.
2. The Communist Part of the Philippines/New People Army/ National Democratic
Front (CCP/NPA/NDF) continue to pose a serious threat to national security, although
presently weakened in comparison with their peak strength in the last two decades.
3. Organized crime is a national security concern. The challenge of illegal drugs, in
particular, has grown into major threat to the national community.

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Module 5 – Other National Security Concerns

4. Grave incidence of poverty is also a serious threat to national security which breeds and
abets rebellion, crime, and dissidence. Poverty incidence affects about one-third of
Filipino families nationwide.
5. Economic sabotage undermines the market economy, the financial system, and the
nation’s resources.
6. Graft and corruption has become another threat to our national security by virtue of the
huge scale by which it saps public resources, undermines the morale of the civil service
and affects the delivery of quality basic services.
7. Severe calamities cause serious food shortages and hoarding and profiteering resulting in
hunger, disease and deprivation.
8. Persistent environment degradation poses a long-term security threat.

External Threats

1. The multilateral dispute over Spratly Islands and other islands in the West Philippine Seais
a source of intermittent tensions, owing to the building of structures, believed to be military-
oriented by some claimant countries in the area.
2. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal migration, and the occasional movement
of foreign terrorists through the porous borders of our southwestern frontier have elicited
transnational concern.
3. The serious economic disparity between rich and the poor nations keeps the world in a state
of instability and virtually on the brink of war in many places.
4. Ethnics, religious and cultural conflicts pervade many regions and nations, including in the
country.
5. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is a threat to global security.
Nuclear materials and technologies are more accessible now than before.
6. Transnational organized crime has proliferated in the era of globalization.
7. Natural disaster and environment issues will continue to pervade the global security agenda.
8. Cybernetic crime is a growing global threat, as experienced with computer viruses such as
Melissa and Chernobyl, which have attacked isolated or networked information systems
through the internet or through software carriers and devices.

Types of Security Threats (Labuguen, et al., 2010)

The following are types of security threats that could be minimized by having good
citizenship values and commitment to support and act on issues related to national security
concern.

1. Rebellion or insurrection is an open, armed and organized resistance against a constituted

authority.
2. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion.

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Module 5 – Other National Security Concerns

3. Crime applies to a measurable degree of damage or destruction up to and including a state

beyond use or repair, or it may indicate a state wherein such damage is occurring and
continuing.
4. Murder is defined in most countries as the unlawful killing of another human being with
intent (or malice), and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from other forms
of homicide.
5. Hijacking/Highway robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of
value by force or threat of force and/or by putting the victim in fear.
6. Kidnapping or serious illegal detention is the taking away or transportation of a person
against the person’s will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement
without legal authority.

Role of schools in promoting peace for national security

1. Peaceful pedagogies or strategies in teaching

2. Disarmament education, discourage parent from buying war toys.
3. Avoid sexist education, language curriculum
4. Encourage students’ cooperative and collaborative activities rather than competitiveness.
5. Encourage students to discuss the roots of conflict so they can prepare alternative ways of
solving them peacefully.
6. Encourage students to undertake activities that promote intercultural dialogue to develop
intercultural understanding and tolerance.

National Security Policy 2017-2022

The NSP 2017-2022 is a declaration of the Government’s commitment to continuously develop a

national security system that is rules-based, able to effectively respond not only to security threats
but also to opportunities beneficial to the national interest. Enhancing the process, scope and
organizational cohesiveness of the national security system is imperative toward the
implementation of the 12 – point national security agenda which includes the following:

• Human and Political Security

• Health Security
• Economic and Financial Security
• Food and Water Security
• Military and Border Security
• Socio-Cultural Security
• Environment and Disaster Security
• Energy Security
• Maritime and Airspace Security
• International Security
• Information and Cyber Security
• Transportation and Port Security

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Module 5 – Other National Security Concerns

The concept of national security has eventually changed overtime. No longer does it
exclusively refer to the traditional notions of internal and external defense but to the economic
development and social well – beingfor progress and nation building.

Learning References

August 1, 2020 National Security Policy, 2017- 2020

http://www.nsc.gov.ph/attachments/article/NSP/NSP-2017-2022.pdf

August 1, 2020 Thurgood Marshall Online Library, Bowie State University

https://bowiestate.libguides.com/c.php?g=442189&p=3014828#:~:text=The%20classic%20position%20p
aper%20contains,author's%20position%20on%20that%20issue.&text=A%20Conclusion%2C%20restatin
g%20the%20key,suggesting%20resolutions%20to%20the%20issue.

BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 – CWTS/LTS

Module 6 – Self and Filipino Society

Lesson 19 - Nature of Selfand Self-Awareness

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

a)define self-awareness;
b) do self-analysis and explain the rationale of who you are;
c)recognize and use Johari Window Self Identification;
d) promote self- awareness among youths.

Learning Content

“Every man is three men: the man he thinks he is, the man others think he is, and the man he really is.”
- Anonymous
Since early civilization, the questions of our existence and self-conception co – exist with the
continuous spinning of time. Knowing oneself opens the door for greater opportunities, harmonious
relationship and effective decision making skill that can help to ensure success in life.

Self-Awareness
Self-awareness is knowing your motivation, preferences, personality and understanding
how these factors influence your judgement, decisions and interactions with other people. It
comprises the feelings and thoughts, interests, strengths and limitations, values, skills, goals,
abilities, leadership orientation and preferred communication style. It is the starting point for
effectiveness at work. As John Maxwell said, “I have to know me to grow me.” The benefits
of self-awareness are:
• Understanding yourself in relation to others.
• Developing and implementing a sound self-improvement program.
• Setting appropriate life and career goals.
• Developing relationship with others.
• Understanding the value of diversity.
• Managing others effectively.
• Increasing productivity.
• Increasing your ability to contribute to organizations, your community and family.
Self-awareness can help you decide on which best suits your abilities particularly in
selecting your career and profession that can be both personally and financially satisfying. It will
help you know where you belong and how you can control yourself in times of needs.

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Module 6 – Self and Filipino Society

Self-awareness can also help you understand why people behave “like this or like that.”
Managers who can relate to or empathize with co-workers tend to be more trusted and are
perceived as being more competent and can create a trusting and productive work environments,
thereby increasing the managerial and organizational effectiveness.

How to Gain Self-awareness

One can gain self-awareness through different processes which includes recognizing our
strengths, weaknesses, biases, attitudes, values, and perceptions. Some of these include analyzing
our own experiences, looking at ourselves through the eyes of others, self-disclosure, acquiring
diverse experiences, and increasing our emotional intelligence.

Self-analysis
Self-analysis is the examination of oneself after experiencing a particular situation or
event. It requires a person to reflect on the negative impact that may have influence behaviors,
attitudes, thoughts or interactions. This is not an easy process, yet if done religiously, could help
you become effective decision maker when situation arise. One could do self – analysis through
analyzing the behavior, personality, attitudes and perceptions. Self-discovery
Self-discovery is the process of forming an accurate, realistic view of yourself which is
necessary to take charge of your future. There are six components of the process of self-
discovery which comprise of the following:
a. Characteristics – it pertains to your qualities.
b. Interest – it is what you enjoy doing.
c. Aptitudes – what are you good at.
d. Values – things that are important to you.
e. Needs – what do you need to have a satisfying life.

f. Choices – it pertains to your priorities. Behavior

Behavior is defined as the way we carry ourselves – the way in which we act. It is
influenced by our feelings, judgements, beliefs, motivations, needs, experiences, and opinion of
others. Patterns of behavior develop through our reactions to events and actions over a period of
time. Behavior consists of four components which includes the following:
1. Motivation – is what makes you act in order to gain satisfaction. It could be intrinsic or
extrinsic in nature. Having been aware of your core drivers, those things that motivate you –
positively and negatively – can help you understand the roots of your behavior and make
adjustment as necessary to modify your behavior.
2. Modes of thinking –is the way your brain process the information it receives and make
judgement. You may process the information through reflective thinking and out loud talking.

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Module 6 – Self and Filipino Society

How you take in and make sense of information can help you understand how you make
judgements and decisions.
3. Modes of acting – is the course of action that you apply in a given situation. It is how you
react with respect to stimuli, events, news, people, thoughts and feelings. Knowing your mode of
acting can help you choose alternatives when situation arise.
4. Modes of interacting – is the way you communicate and share ideas, opinions and
feelings with others. Whom or what are you comfortable with? Knowing your preference of
interaction can help you deal with your environment effectively and productively.
Importance of Self- awareness
Knowing yourself better can
help you understand why you view
yourself as you do. The better you
understand yourself, the better you
can work well with others.
Selfawareness can help you identify
your potentials and improve your
weaknesses.
Psychologists Joseph Luft
and Harry Ingram developed the
Johari Window of Self to help us
become more aware of ourselves. It
focuses on
understanding what’s visible (or not)
to us and others.
https://liberationist.org/the-johari-window/

The Johari Window has four quadrants that represents oneself. These are:
Quadrant 1. The Open Self. The area of free activity, or open area. This refers to what you and
others know about you.
Quadrant 2. The Blind Self. The blind area refers to your description based from others assessment
which you are completely unaware.
Quadrant 3. The Hidden Self. The hidden area refers to the things that we want to be kept hidden
to others.
Quadrant 4. The Unknown Self. This is the part of ourselves which neither you nor others know.
As times go by and in different situation, we may realize that these characteristics are existing
and are actually influencing us.
Values and Value Formation
Self-awareness plays a vital role in choosing courses, career paths, vocations and life
decisions. Value is defined as a principle or belief that a person prizes and publicly affirms with

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Module 6 – Self and Filipino Society

conviction, acts on consistently, and chooses from among the alternatives. Values are shaped
through school, work place, religious affiliation, mass media and the person’s upbringing from
the family and friends.
Values formation is a continuous process. It may be divided into three categories which
comprised the following:
➢ Choosing. Values must be chosen freely. The person makes a free choice and is totally
accountable for the choice he makes. It must be chosen from alternatives, hence, if there
are no alternatives, there would be no free choice, so the person must face squarely the
situation. A choice which are made impulsively, without thought, would not constitute a
valuing process.

➢ Prizing. A value that has been chosen should be prized and cherished. It should be affirmed
and the person should admit it publicly.

➢ Acting. Values should be reflected by our actions. There must be commitment – in- action
which would change one’s behavior.
Values may be classified in terms of the following:
Personal Values – self- respect, health, privacy, peace of mind, independence
Family Values – close family ties, family happiness
Spiritual Values – religious commitment, personal relationship with God
Work Values – competence in the workplace, industry, resourcefulness
Career Values – personal growth, professional advancement
Social and Humanitarian Values – service to others, patriotism and nationalism
Cultural Values – utangnaloob, pakikisama, giving high regard to authorities

Personal Development Plans

It is a plan designed to achieve

your personal and professional goals
considering a priority. It is based on the
“HOW” and the tools to use. It is NOT a
career plan oriented to progress on a
hierarchy or salary related.
Sample Template for Personal
Development Plan

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Module 6 – Self and Filipino Society

Learning References

Guillo, Jr., Romeo, Content standards of literacy training service, 2011

Bennett, Andrew, 25 Business stories, 2008
August 1, 2020 https://www.slideshare.net/DatioBD/pdp-your-personal-development-plan
July 29, 2020 http://thefilipinodiasporas.blogspot.com/2011/02/meaning-of-personality.html?m=0

BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 – CWTS/LTS

Module 1 – Citizenship Training

Lesson 20 - Roots of Filipino Character

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

a) review the roots of Filipino Character
b) explain why Filipinos have mixed characters
c) enumerate Filipino character that affect our progress, unity and success as a nation
d) appreciate being a Filipino

Learning Content

Roots of the Filipino Character

The Philippines has a rich and vast history so as its people. Having been colonized by the
Spaniards for three – hundred and thirty tree (333) years, the Commonwealth for more than a
decade and the most brutal Japanese occupation made Filipinos adapt and internalize the traits
shown by the invaders.
The strengths and weaknesses of Filipino character was influenced by the following factors as
identifies by Shahani (1993) which comprised:
1. Family and home environment - Filipinos are known to have a very close family tie.
Parents believe on the notion that the more children they will have, the bigger the chance they can
alleviate their life from poverty. Child rearing is also encouraged by the church, however, as the
condition of living becomes harder, Filipinos are now practicing family planning to control the
population. Too much closeness of the family leads to high nurturance, over- protecting and
lowdiscipline.
2. Social Environment - The social environment of the Filipino is characterized by a feudal
structure with great gaps between the rich minority and the poor majority.
3. Culture and language – Language and culture cannot be separated. As an archipelago, the
Philippines has a very rich cultural structure, beliefs, dialects and traditions that are both beneficial
and challenging at times.
4. History – We are the product of our colonial history, which is regarded by many as the
culprit behind our lack of nationalism and our colonial mentality. Colonialism developed a mind-
set in the Filipino which encouraged us to think of the colonial power as superior and more
powerful.

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Module 1 – Citizenship Training

5. Educational system- Aside from the problems inherent in the use of a foreign language in
our educational system, the educational system leads to other problems for us as a people. The
lack of suitable local textbooks and dependence on foreign textbooks, particularly in the higher
school levels.
6. Religion – Religion is the root of Filipino optimism and its capacity to accept life's
hardships. However, religion also instils in the Filipino attitudes of resignation and a preoccupation
with the afterlife. We become vulnerable also to being victimized by opportunism, oppression,
exploitation, and superstition.
7. Economic environment- Many Filipino traits are rooted in the poverty and hard life that is
the lot of most Filipinos. Our difficulties drive us to take risks, impel us to work very hard, and
develop in us the ability to survive.
8. Political environment – The Philippine political environment is characterized by a
centralization of power. Political power and authority is concentrated in the hands of the elite and
the participation of most Filipinos often is limited to voting in elections.
9. Mass media - It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majority of
the general public.
10. Leadership and Role Model - Filipinos look up to their leaders as role models. Political
leaders are the main models, but all other leaders serve as role models as well. Thus, when our
leaders violate the law or show themselves to be self-serving and driven by personal interest-when
there is lack of public accountability--there is a negative impact on the Filipino. Filipino
Character
1. Pakikisama – Is giving to the will of the bulk merely so to acquire along with everybody and
avoid marks of struggle.
2. Bahalana Attitude – Leaving matters/ things as they are because nature will take it class.
3. Bayanihan or Team Spirit – This is the Filipino value of chumminess or assisting one another
in clip of demands.
4. UtangnaLoob or Reciprocity/ Debt of Gratitude – Portrays our true individuality based on
concern and response to others particularly in our pattern of pagpapakatao and pakikipagkapwa
– tao.
5. Bukas-loobnaPagtanggap or Hospitality – It is a welcoming attitude which is a strong Filipino
trait where they open their Black Marias to aliens and visitants and offer them the best in their
places.
6. Gulong ng Palad – Life’s ups and downs.
7. Tsamba – Undeserved success brought about by fortune.
8.Tadhana – Decried by destiny.
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Module 1 – Citizenship Training

9. Swerte or Buenas – Good fortune.

10. Faith and Religiosity – Faith in God and having a high regard to religious institution and
doctrine.

Learning References

1. Guillo Jr., Romeo M. Content Standards of Literacy and Training Service, (2011) Morlanda
Publishing.
August 8, 2020 Moral Recovery Program, Dumayac Levi, slideshare.net
https://www.slideshare.net/levodumayac/roots-of-filipino-characters

BatStateU - National Service Training Program 1 – CWTS/LTS