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Nature and Types of GIS Data in Bangladesh

This document discusses the nature and types of GIS data in Bangladesh. It provides information on four key aspects of a GIS system: input, storage, analysis, and output. It also outlines the three main types of GIS data: 1) spatial data including vector, raster, images, TINs, and terrain data, 2) attribute data connected to spatial features, and 3) metadata about the data such as scale, accuracy, and source. Spatial data represents geographic locations and features, attribute data includes additional characteristics, and metadata provides contextual information for understanding and using the data.

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En Apurbo
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467 views

Nature and Types of GIS Data in Bangladesh

This document discusses the nature and types of GIS data in Bangladesh. It provides information on four key aspects of a GIS system: input, storage, analysis, and output. It also outlines the three main types of GIS data: 1) spatial data including vector, raster, images, TINs, and terrain data, 2) attribute data connected to spatial features, and 3) metadata about the data such as scale, accuracy, and source. Spatial data represents geographic locations and features, attribute data includes additional characteristics, and metadata provides contextual information for understanding and using the data.

Uploaded by

En Apurbo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

On
Nature and Types of GIS data in Bangladesh
Course Title: Introduction to Geospatial Techniques
Course Code: MEDM 5104

Submitted to
Muhammad Abdul Quader
Associate Professor
Department of Geography and Environment

Submitted by
Md. Mafejul Islam Apurbo
ID No: W22023
Session: Winter (3rd Batch)
GIS data Nature: GIS is a large part of Geology. GIS is an organized collection of
computer hardware, software, geographic data and personal designed for efficiency
capture, store, update, manipulate, analyzed and display all forms of
geographically referenced information.
Geographic Information System collects, preserves, analyzes and presents physical
and geographical data.

GIS system has four sub-systems:


Input: Collecting data. For example: Map, Scanned Map, Aerial Photos, Satellite
Images, Survey etc.

Storage: Collects data in the database. If necessary, it is updated, edited, query and
retrieved.

Analysis: Extracting data from data through various types of analysis. For
example: Transformation, Modeling, Spatial Statistics etc.

Output: Output is the expression of the results obtained through analysis through
maps, tables, lists, tables, geometric figures, diagrams, descriptions, reports, etc.
The ‘product’ acquired through proper analysis helps in making different types of
decision making.
The three types of GIS Data are:
1. Spatial data,
2. Attribute data, &
3. Meta data.

1. Spatial data:

(1.1). Vector data:

(a). Point Data — layers containing by points (or “events”) described by x, y


(lat, long; easting, northing)

(b). Line/Polyline Data — layers that are described by x, y points (nodes,


events) and lines (arcs) between points (line segments and polylines)

(c). Polygon Data — layers of closed line segments enclosing areas that are
described by attributes

(1.2). Raster data: Raster or grid data (matrices of numbers describing e.g.,
elevation, population, herbicide use, etc.

(1.3). Images data: Image or pictures such as remote sensing data or scans of
maps or other photos. This is special “grid” where the number in each cell
describes what color to paint or the spectral character of the image in that cell.
(To be used, the “picture” must be placed on a coordinate system, or “rectified”
or “georeferenced”)

(1.4). TINs data: Triangular Irregular Networks – used to discretize continuous


data
(1.5). Terrain data: Terrain datasets built from lidar and other point clouds.
Demo in ArcGIS.

2. Attribute data: Attribute data are non-spatial characteristics that are connected by
tables to points, lines, “events” on lines, and polygons (and in some cases GRID
cells)

(1). A point, vector or raster geologic map might describe a “rock unit” on a
map with a single number, letter or name, but the associated attribute table
might have

a) age
b) lithology
c) percent quartz
d) etc., for each rock type on the map.

(2). Most GIS programs can either plot the polygon by the identifier or by
one of the attributes.

3. Meta data:

(1). Metadata are the most forgotten data type.

(2). Absolutely necessary if you’re going to use data, or if someone is going


to use your data later (or your derivative information)

(3). Contains information about

a) scale
b) accuracy
c) projection/datum
d) data source
e) manipulations
f) how to acquire data

(4). Many different “standards” for collection and presentation of metadata,


such as FGDC used by US gov’t agencies.

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