Python-List, Tuple, Dictionary

Dr. Sarwan Singh

NIELIT Chandigarh
 Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Agenda Deep Learning

• Introduction – Lists , tuples, dictionaries

• Basic operations
• indexing, slicing, matrixes
• Concatenation, Repetition
• Membership, Iteration

“Assignment Creates References, Not Copies”

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 List
• Python has six built-in sequence types : strings, Unicode strings, lists,
tuples, buffers, and xrange objects. https://docs.python.org/2.4/lib/typesseq.html ) .
(source :

• List is one of the popular sequence in Python.

• List is collection of objects (ordered sequence of data similar to String
except that String can only hold characters)
• List need not be homogeneous , (its heterogeneous) and it is mutable
• List is arbitrarily nestable
• Arrays of object references- lists contain zero or more references to
other objects ( like array of pointers in C Language)

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 List
• Each element of List is positioned/indexed starting from 0
• Operation on Strings like indexing, slicing, adding, multiplying, and
checking for membership are all available in Lists
• E.g. studentRec = [‘Amrit’, ‘kumar’ , 21, 2000 ]
recFields = [‘firstname’ , ‘lastname’, ‘rollno’, ‘fee’]

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 Basic operations
• Basic operation on List are
similar to Strings
Expression Description
len Length
List1 + list2 Concatenation
List * 2 Repetition
‘elem’ in List Membership
for x in List: Iteration

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 Built-in functions and Methods
• Min (list)
• Max (list)
• Len (list)

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 Zip
• The purpose of zip() is to map the similar index of multiple containers so
that they can be used just using as single entity.
• passing two iterables, like lists, zip() enumerates them together

• Practical use:
student database or
scorecard or any
other utility that
requires mapping of
groups.

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 LIST Equivalence/reference
• == equality operator
determines if two lists
contain the same elements
• is operator determines if
two variables alias the same
list
• The association of a variable
with an object is called a
reference
• Aliase : An object with more
than one reference has
more than one name

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 Repetition adds one-level deep
• sequence repetition is like
adding a sequence to itself a
number of times
• When mutable sequences
are nested, effect is different

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 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Append() Add an element to the end of the list
Extend() Add all elements of a list to the another list
Insert() Insert an item at the defined index
Remove() Removes an item from the list
Removes and returns an element at the
Pop()
given index
Clear() Removes all items from the list
Index() Returns the index of the first matched item
Source Geeksforgeeks.org

Returns the count of number of items

Count()
passed as an argument
Sort() Sort items in a list in ascending order
:

Reverse() Reverse the order of items in the list

copy() Returns a copy of the list
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 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
round() Rounds off to the given number of digits and returns the floating point number
apply a particular function passed in its argument to all of the list elements stores the
reduce()
intermediate result and only returns the final summation value
sum() Sums up the numbers in the list
ord() Returns an integer representing the Unicode code point of the given Unicode character
cmp() This function returns 1, if first list is “greater” than second list
max() return maximum element of given list
min() return minimum element of given list
all() Returns true if all element are true or if list is empty
any() return true if any element of the list is true. if list is empty, return false
len() Returns length of the list or size of the list
Source Geeksforgeeks.org

enumerate() Returns enumerate object of list

apply a particular function passed in its argument to all of the list elements returns a list
accumulate()
containing the intermediate results
:

filter() tests if each element of a list true or not

returns a list of the results after applying the given function to each item of a given
map()
iterable
@2022 This function can have any number of arguments but only one expression, which 11
sarwan@NIELIT is
lambda()
Python-Tuples
 Another type of sequence like list
 Immutable
 Uses ( )
 comma-separated list of values

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 • Tuples are immutable, cannot update or
change the values
• Tuples can be concatenated (+) , deleted
using del
• Other basic operation like list are same :
indexing, slicing, matrixes

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 sequence packing-unpacking
• packing always creates tuple
• unpacking works for any sequence
• Parentheses is optional while packing

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 Changing element of a tuple
• Immutable Types Can't Be
Changed in Place

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 Tuple assignment
• swap a and b email = '[email protected]' un
Temp = a user, domain = email.split('@')
a= b
b = temp Comparing tuple
(0, 1, 2) < (0, 3, 4)
• tuple assignment is more elegant
True
a, b = b, a

a, b = 1, 2, 3 # error
ValueError: too many values to
unpack

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Python-Dictionary
 Key : value pair separated with :
 Uses curly brackets { }
 Keys are unique in a dictionary, values may not
 values of a dictionary can be of any type, but
the keys must be of an immutable data type
such as strings, numbers, or tuples

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Updation
• dict2['school']='DPS Delhi'

Deletion
• del dict1 ['name']; # remove entry with key 'Name'
• dict1.clear(); # remove all entries in dict1
• del dict1 ; # delete entire dictionary

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 • Lists: used for collection of
Uses of Dictionary similar/non similar items.
• Tuples are generally used for
smaller groups of similar
• Web crawlers use dictionary for storing data items
• Store database settings
• Representing application templates
• In unit tests, sample data for web forms (mapping field name to
value)
• Mapping objects on game field – literally maps
• Building indexes of contents – phone book As today, more and more
web apps are moving to
• Exchanging data over Internet – JSON the RESTFul design
pattern, and JSON is key to
the client/server data
exchange.

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 Methods
• Exercise :
• Write a python function to get all the
string elements inside tuple passed as
an argument (nested tuple)
• Without recursion
• With recursion
• Redefined method to accept list as an
argument

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 METHODS DESCRIPTION
copy() They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
clear() The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.
pop() Removes and returns an element from a dictionary having the given key.
Removes the arbitrary key-value pair from the dictionary and returns it
popitem()
as tuple.
get() It is a conventional method to access a value for a key.
dictionary_name.values() returns a list of all the values available in a given dictionary.
str() Produces a printable string representation of a dictionary.
update() Adds dictionary dict2’s key-values pairs to dict
setdefault() Set dict[key]=default if key is not already in dict
keys() Returns list of dictionary dict’s keys
items() Returns a list of dict’s (key, value) tuple pairs
has_key() Returns true if key in dictionary dict, false otherwise
fromkeys() Create a new dictionary with keys from seq and values set to value.
type() Returns the type of the passed variable.
cmp()
@2022 Compares elements of both dict.
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 Jupyter Notebook Link
• https://colab.research.google.co
m/drive/1jUAhD0VvIz23RA8Hr25
pDzK__srpTcsm?usp=sharing

Github Repository Link

• https://github.com/sarwansingh/
Python/tree/master/ORD

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