Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT of EDUCATION EARTH AND LIFE

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula SCIENCE 11
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR
Toribio Minor National High School Quarter 2

Name of Learner: _________________________________ Score: __________________

Strand and Section: _______________________________ Date: ___________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Quarter 2 – Module 28: The Theory of Evolution

Background of the Lesson

Along path leads from

the origins of primitive life
which existed at least 3.5
billion years ago, to the
diversity of life that exists
today. This path is best
understood as a product
of evolution as presented
in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Evolution of Man based from Darwinian Theory.

Source: Humagain (2017)
Neither the term nor the idea of biological
evolution began with Charles Darwin (Figure2)
and his foremost work, On the Origin of Species
by Means of Natural Selection (1859), many
scholars from the ancient Greek philosophers on
had inferred that similar species were descended
from a common ancestor. The word "evolution"
that Darwin most often used refers to "descent
with modification," which remains a good brief
definition of the process today. Darwin proposed
that evolution could be explained by the
differential survival of organisms following their
naturally occurring variation—a process he
termed "natural selection."

Figure 2. Charles Darwin.

Source: Thomas (2021)

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 Before Darwinism became
widely accepted, Lamarck proposed
the theory of inheritance of acquired
characters” in 1809 A.D. in his
famous book “Philosphic
Zoologique”. This theory is based on
the principle that physical changes
in organisms during their lifetime.
For instance, greater development of
an organ or a part through increased
use that could be transmitted to
their offspring such as in the case of
giraffe (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Lamarck’s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characters

Source: Burkhardt (2013)

In the case of the French biologist Jean-Baptiste

Lamarck (Figure 4), his name since the end of the
nineteenth century has been tightly linked to the idea
of the inheritance of acquired characters.
His theory is based on the inheritance of acquired
characters which are defined as the changes
(variations) developed in the body of an organism
from normal characters, in response to the changes
in environment, or in the functioning (use and
disuse) of organs, in their own life time, to fulfill their
new needs. Thus, Lamarck stressed on adaptation as
means of evolutionary modification.

Figure 4. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Source: Burkhardt (2013)

Learning Competency with Code

Explain how populations of organisms have changed and
continue to change over time showing patterns of descent S11/12LT-IVfg- 26
with modification from common ancestors to produce the
organismal diversity observed today.

Instructions:

This learning activity sheet provides students with activities appropriate for
independent learning that helps in facilitating the teaching-learning process despite of
the absence of face-to-face interaction between the teacher and students, provided
that the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) has been met. As such, the
learners are encouraged to:
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 1. Carefully read and understand the instructions before answering the activities.
2. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks especially while checking your
answers.
3. Considering the health risks of COVID-19 pandemic, practice personal hygiene
protocols at all times such as proper hand washing prior and after answering
this learning activity sheet.

Activity 1: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

Directions: The theories of evolution by Darwin and Lamarck have received both
positive and negative criticisms in the past years. Now that you have already read the
backgrounds about these two theories, make an argumentative essay (minimum and
maximum of 500 words) that expresses your stance either in Darwin’s theory or
Lamarck’s theory. Write your essay in the provided answer sheet. Please refer to the
scoring rubric as your guide in the preparation of your output.

Scoring Rubric

Narrative Rubrics Excellent Good Fair

Criteria (10-8) (7-6) (5-3)
Narration is clear Narration stays on The narration does
and easy to topic. Some details not stay on topic. It
understand. It uses helped the reader may need more
Content
many interesting picture what is work on details on
details about the being described how the topic is
topic it describes. about the topic. being discussed.
It grabs the reader’s Narration is clear Narration is little bit
attention. The facts from beginning to confusing and it
stated made sense end and the needs more work on
Organization
to the topic. The paragraphs are how the paragraph
paragraphs are organized. should be
organized. organized.

Activity 2: CRITICAL READING

Directions: Read these passages from the text and answer the questions that follow.
Write your essay in the provided answer sheet.
In 1831, when Darwin was just 22 years old, he set sail on a scientific
expedition on a ship called the HMS Beagle. He was the naturalist on the voyage. As
a naturalist, it was his job to observe and collect specimens of plants, animals,
rocks, and fossils wherever the expedition went ashore. Darwin was fascinated by
nature, so he loved his job on the Beagle. He spent more than 3 years of the 5-year
trip exploring nature on distant continents and islands. While he was away, a former
teacher published Darwin’s accounts of his observations. By the time Darwin finally
returned to England, he had become famous as a naturalist. During the long voyage,
Darwin made many observations that helped him formed his theory of evolution.

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 • He visited tropical rainforests and other new habitats where he saw many plants
and animals he had never seen before. This impressed him with the great diversity
of life.
• He experienced an earthquake that lifted the ocean floor 2.7 meters (9 feet) above
sea level. He also found rocks containing fossil sea shells in mountains high above
sea level. These observations suggested that continents and oceans had changed
dramatically over time and continue to change in dramatic ways.
• He visited rock ledges that had clearly once been beaches that had gradually built
up over time. This suggested that slow, steady processes also change Earth’s
surface.
• He dug up fossils of gigantic extinct mammals, such as the ground sloth. This was
hard evidence that organisms looked very different in the past. It suggested that
living things — like Earth’s surface —change over time.

Darwin’s most important observations were made on the Galápagos Islands.

This is a group of 16 small volcanic islands 966 kilometers (600 miles) off the west
coast of South America. Individual Galápagos Islands differ from one another in
important ways. Some are rocky and dry. Others have better soil and more rainfall.
Darwin noticed that the plants and animals on the different islands also differed.
For example, the giant tortoises on one island had saddle-shaped shells, while those
on another island had dome-shaped shells. People who lived on the islands could
even tell the island a turtle came from by its shell. This started Darwin thinking
about the origin of species.

Guide Questions:

1. What was Darwin’s role on the Beagle?

2. What was significant about the new habitats Darwin visited?

3. What was significant about the rocks Darwin found in the mountains?

4. What was significant about the fossils Darwin found?

5. What did Darwin notice about life on the Galápagos Islands?

Reflection:

1. Based from this learning activity sheet, I have learned that ____________________
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2. The topic that I find difficult to understand is about _______________________________

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3. I want to learn more on ___________________________________________________________

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References:

Bob Thomas. 2021. Charles Darwin. Biography. Retrived from

https://biography.com/scientist/charles-darwin.
Sushil Humagain. 2017. How human beings came on Earth?. Online Science Notes.
Retrived from: https://onlinesciencenotes.com/human-beings-came-earth.
Richard Burkhardt. 2013. Lamarck, Evolution, and Inheritance of Acquired
Characters. Genetics Oxford University Press. Retrieved from:
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article.

Answer Key:

Prepared by

Activity 1. Possible Answers

-Answers may vary

Activity 2. Possible Answers

1. What was Darwin’s role on the Beagle?

-Naturalist
2. What was significant about the new habitats Darwin visited?
-This provided additional information to Darwin’s observations about the diversity of
life.
3. What was significant about the rocks Darwin found in the mountains?
-This suggested that slow, steady processes also change Earth’s surface.
4. What was significant about the fossils Darwin found?
-This was hard evidence that organisms looked very different in the past. It
suggested that living things — like Earth’s surface —change over time.
5. What did Darwin notice about life on the Galápagos Islands?
-Darwin noticed how diverse the Galapagos Island is in terms of its biodiversity.

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 RANJIV D. ALIBON
Name of Writer

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