Forename

Surname

Candidate Signature

Centre Number Candidate Number

GCSE
PHYSICS
Higher Tier 1H

Practice Paper 2022 Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
For Examiner’s Use
• a calculator
• the periodic table Question Mark
1
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 2
• Pencil should only be used for drawing. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 5
outsidethe box around each page or on blank pages.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at
6
the end ofthis book. Write the question number against your 7
answer(s). 8
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 9
to be marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 10
11
Information TOTAL
• The maximum mark for this paper is 95.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation

@StudyHack_Edu @Study_Hack_Edu @Study_Hack_Edu

Q1.
A student wanted to determine the density of a small piece of rock.

(a) Describe how the student could measure the volume of the piece of rock.

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___________________________________________________________________
(4)

(b) The volume of the piece of rock was 18.0 cm3.

The student measured the mass of the piece of rock as 48.6 g.

Calculate the density of the rock in g/cm3.

Use the equation:

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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Density = _______________________ g/cm3

(2)

The graph below shows the densities of different types of rock.

Page 2 of 31
(c) What is the most likely type of rock that the student had?

Tick one box.

Basalt

Flint

Granite

Limestone

Sandstone

(1)

(d) Give one source of error that may have occurred when the student measured the volume
of the rock.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(e) How would the error you described in part (d) affect the measured volume of the rock?

___________________________________________________________________

Page 3 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

Q2.
The drawing shows water being heated in a metal saucepan.

(a) Explain, in terms of the particles in the metal, how heat energy is transferred through the
base of the saucepan.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) Energy is transferred through the water by convection currents. Explain what happens to
cause a convection current in the water. The answer has been started for you.

As heat energy is transferred through the saucepan, the water particles at the bottom

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(3)

(c) Some energy is transferred from the hotplate to the air by thermal radiation. What is
meant by thermal radiation?

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Page 4 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q3.
Figure 1 shows a student walking on a carpet.

Figure 1

(a) The student becomes negatively charged because of the friction between her socks and
the carpet.

Explain why the friction causes the student to become charged.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(b) The student’s head is represented by the sphere in Figure 2.

The student is negatively charged. The arrow shows part of the electric field around the
student’s head.

Draw three more arrows on Figure 2 to complete the electric field pattern.

Figure 2

Page 5 of 31
 (1)

(c) The negatively charged student touches a metal tap and receives an electric shock.

Explain why.

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(3)

(d) Some carpets have thin copper wires running through them. The student is less likely to
receive an electric shock after walking on this type of carpet.

Suggest why.

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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 6 of 31
Q4.
Figure 1 shows how much electricity was generated using coal-fired and gas-fired power
stations in January for 5 years in the UK.

Figure 1

(a) Determine the percentage increase in electricity generated using gas-fired power stations
from 2014 to 2018.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Percentage increase = _______________%

(2)

(b) Give two environmental advantages of using a gas-fired power station to generate
electricity compared with using a coal-fired power station.

Page 7 of 31
 1 _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2 _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

The mean surface temperature of the sea changes throughout the year.

A change in the mean surface temperature from year to year indicates climate change.

Figure 2 shows how the mean surface temperature changed between 1988 and 2016.

Figure 2

(c) A student does not believe that climate change is occurring.

Explain how the data in Figure 2 suggests the student is wrong.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) A thermistor can be used to measure temperature.

Page 8 of 31
Figure 3 shows how the resistance of four different thermistors A, B, C and D, varies with
temperature.

Figure 3

Which of the four thermistors would be the most suitable to measure the surface
temperature of the sea?

Tick (✓) one box.

Explain your answer.

A B C D

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

Page 9 of 31
Q5.
(a) Iceland is a country that generates nearly all of its electricity from renewable sources.

In 2013, about 80% of Iceland’s electricity was generated using hydroelectric power
stations (HEP).

Describe how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station. Include the useful
energy transfers taking place.

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(4)

(b) The UK produces most of its electricity from fossil fuels.

Many people in the UK leave their televisions in ‘stand by’ mode when not in use, instead
of switching them off.

It is better for the environment if people switch off their televisions, instead of leaving them
in ‘stand by’ mode.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(c) A scientist wrote in a newspaper:

‘Appliances that do not automatically switch off when they are not being used should be

Page 10 of 31
 banned.’

Suggest why scientists alone cannot make the decision to ban these appliances.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Q6.
Smoke alarms contain an alpha radiation source and a radiation detector.

Figure 1 shows part of the inside of a smoke alarm.

Figure 1

(a) The smoke alarm stays off while alpha radiation reaches the detector.

Why does the alarm switch on when smoke particles enter the plastic casing?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Why is it safe to use a source of alpha radiation in a house?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(c) The smoke alarm would not work with a radiation source that emits beta or gamma
radiation.

Explain why.

Page 11 of 31
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(d) Figure 2 shows how the count rate detected from the radiation source in the smoke alarm
changes with time.

Figure 2

The smoke alarm switches on when the count rate falls to 80 counts per second.

Explain why the radiation source inside the smoke alarm should have a long half-life.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e) Figure 3 shows a patient who has been injected with a radioactive source for medical
diagnosis.

Figure 3

Page 12 of 31
 Explain the ideal properties of a radioactive source for use in medical diagnosis.

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(4)
(Total 10 marks)

Q7.
The figure below shows a student before and after a bungee jump.

The bungee cord has an unstretched length of 20.0 m.

Page 13 of 31
The mass of the student is 50.0 kg.

The gravitational field strength is 9.8 N / kg.

(a) Write down the equation which links gravitational field strength, gravitational potential
energy, height and mass.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy from the position where the student
jumps to the point 20.0 m below.

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___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Change in gravitational potential energy = _____________ J

(2)

(c) 80% of this change in gravitational potential energy has been transferred to the student’s
kinetic energy store.

How much has the student’s kinetic energy store increased after falling 20.0 m?

Kinetic energy gained = ________________________ J

(1)

(d) Calculate the speed of the student after falling 20.0 m.

Page 14 of 31
 Give your answer to two significant figures.

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Speed = __________________________ m / s
(4)

(e) At the lowest point in the jump, the energy stored by the stretched bungee cord is 24.5 kJ.

The bungee cord behaves like a spring.

Calculate the spring constant of the bungee cord.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equation Sheet.

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___________________________________________________________________

Spring constant = ________________________ N / m

(3)
(Total 11 marks)

Q8.
The image below shows a solar thermal power station that has been built in a hot desert.

The power station uses energy from the Sun to heat water to generate electricity.

Energy from the Sun is reflected towards a solar receiver using many mirrors.

Page 15 of 31
 © Kim Steele/Photodisc/Thinkstock

(a) (i) Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum provides most of the energy to heat the
water in a solar thermal power station?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Describe how heated water is used to generate electricity by this

solar thermal power station.
The process is the same as in a fossil fuel power station.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) A new type of solar power station, called a solar storage power station, is able to store
energy from the Sun by heating molten chemical salts.
The stored energy can be used to generate electricity at night.

(i) It is important that the molten chemical salts have a high specific heat capacity.
Suggest one reason why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

Page 16 of 31
 (ii) The solar storage power station can store a maximum of 2 200 000 kWh of energy.
The solar storage power station can supply a town with a maximum electrical power
of 140 000 kW.

Calculate for how many hours the energy stored by the solar storage power station
can supply the town with electrical power.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Time = __________________ hours

(3)

(iii) Table 1 gives information about the place where the solar storage power station has
been built.

Table 1

Mean power received from

Mean number of
Season the Sun per
daylight hours
square metre in kW

Spring 11.5 0.90

Summer 13.5 1.10

Autumn 12.0 0.95

Winter 10.5 0.71

The solar storage power station does not operate at the maximum possible
electrical output every day of the year.

Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Power stations do not work at maximum possible electrical output all the time.The
‘capacity factor’ of a power station is calculated using the equation:

Table 2 shows capacity factors for different types of power station.

Page 17 of 31
 Table 2

Renewable
Type of power
energy Capacity factor
station
source

Coal No 0.41

Natural gas No 0.48

Nuclear No 0.66

Solar thermal Yes 0.33

Tidal Yes 0.26

Wind turbine Yes 0.30

(i) Compare the capacity factors of the renewable power stations with those of the
non-renewable power stations in Table 2.
Explain the reason for the difference between the capacity factors.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(3)

(ii) The capacity factor of a solar storage power station is higher than for all other
renewable power stations.
Suggest one reason why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 14 marks)

Q9.
A student finds some information about energy-saving light bulbs.

(a) A 30W light bulb uses 600J of electrical energy in a certain period of time. In that time, it
produces 450 J of light energy. The rest of the energy is wasted.

(i) Calculate the energy wasted by the light bulb in this period of time.

______________________________________________________________

Page 18 of 31
 Wasted energy = _________________ J
(1)

(ii) What happens to the energy wasted by the light bulb?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Calculate the efficiency of this light bulb.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Efficiency = ______________________________
(2)

(iv) Calculate the period of time, in seconds, during which the 600 J is provided to the
30 W light bulb.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Time = _____________ s
(2)

(b) A company that makes light bulbs provides information about some of their products.

The table shows some of this information.

Power in watts Lifetime in hours Cost of bulb in £

Filament bulb 60 1250 2.00

LED bulb 12 50 000 16.00

(i) Suggest why it is important to confirm this information independently.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) A homeowner is thinking about replacing his filament bulbs with LED bulbs.

A 12 W LED bulb gives the same light output as a 60 W filament bulb.

Suggest reasons why the homeowner is likely to choose LED bulbs.

Use the information given in the table.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Page 19 of 31
 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(iii) State one factor, other than efficiency, that is important when considering the choice
of a bulb for lighting in the home.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 10 marks)

Q10.
A student investigated the insulating properties of newspaper.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus the student used.

Figure 1

The student’s results are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

Page 20 of 31
(a) Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the results shown in Figure 2.

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(6)

(b) The student could have used a datalogger with a temperature probe instead of the digital
thermometer.

Figure 3 shows the readings on the digital thermometer and the datalogger.

Page 21 of 31
 Figure 3

The datalogger records 10 readings every second.

The student considered using a temperature probe and datalogger.

Explain why it was not necessary to use a temperature probe and datalogger for this
investigation.

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___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 22 of 31
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) Level 2: The method would lead to the production of a valid outcome. Key steps are
identified and logically sequenced.
3−4

Level 1: The method would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Some relevant
steps are identified, but links are not made clear.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

• part fill a measuring cylinder with water

• measure initial volume
• place object in water
• measure final volume
• volume of object = final volume − initial volume

• fill a displacement / eureka can with water

• water level with spout
• place object in water
• collect displaced water
• measuring cylinder used to determine volume of displaced water

(b)
1

density = 2.70 (g/cm3)

1
an answer of 2.70 (g/cm ) scores 2 marks
3

(c) limestone
1

(d) eye position when using measuring cylinder

or
water level in can (at start) not at level of spout
or
not all water displaced by stone is collected in container
1

(e) volume would be lower / higher

1
[9]

Q2.
(a) ions / electrons gain (kinetic) energy
accept atom / particles / molecules for ion
accept ions vibrate faster
accept ions vibrate with a bigger amplitude

Page 23 of 31
 accept ions vibrate more
do not accept ions move faster
1

(free) electrons transfer energy by collision with ions

or energy transferred by collisions between vibrating ions
1

(b) move faster or take up more space

do not accept start to move / vibrate
1

(warmer) water expands or becomes less dense (than cooler water)

do not accept answers in terms of particles expanding
1

warm water rises (through colder water) or colder water falls to take its place
1

(c) transfer of energy by waves / infrared (radiation)

accept rays for waves
do not accept transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
ignore reference to heat
1
[6]

Q3.
(a) transfer of electrons
mention of positive charge moving negates both marks
1

from the carpet to the student

1

(b) three arrows perpendicular to sphere’s surface with all arrows directed inwards and
distributed evenly around sphere
1

(c) there is a potential difference between the student and the tap
do not accept the tap / sink is charged
1

which causes electrons / charges to transfer from the student

or
which causes electrons / charges to transfer to the tap
1

which earths the charge

allow the tap is earthed
1

(d) carpet / copper has a low resistance

allow carpet is a conductor
or
copper is a conductor
1

Page 24 of 31
 lower / no build-up of charge (on the student)
or
(so there is a) smaller / no potential difference between student and tap / earth
1
[8]

Q4.

(a) % increase = × 100

1

% increase = 212.5 (%)

1

(b) Any two from:

• no sulfur dioxide released
• doesn’t cause acid rain
• no particulates released
• doesn’t cause global dimming
• less carbon dioxide released (per kg of fuel burned)
• less global warming
allow less climate change
allow less greenhouse gases
• no solid waste
• gas mining is less destructive than coal mining
ignore less air pollution
2

(c) mean sea surface temperature shows a (steady) increase

1

over the time period on the graph

conditional on scoring 1st marking point
allow between a correct pair of dates at least 10 years apart

or

from 16.45 (°C) to 16.96 (°C)

allow a correct pair of temperatures at least 10 years apart
1

(d) thermistor C
1

(because) the change in resistance is greatest

conditional on scoring 1st marking point
allow the gradient is highest
allow more sensitive to temperature change
1

between 0 and 25 ºC
conditional on scoring 2nd marking point
allow between 16 and 17 °C
if thermistor C is not chosen, allow for 1 mark each:
not thermistor A because there is no/little change in resistance

Page 25 of 31
 not thermistor B as there is only a small change in resistance
not thermistor D as there is no data available between 0 and 40 °C
1
[9]

Q5.
(a) water moves (from a higher level to a lower level)
1

transferring GPE to KE
1

rotating a turbine to turn a generator

accept driving or turning or spinning for rotating
moving is insufficient
1

transferring KE to electrical energy

transferring GPE to electrical energy gains 1 mark of the 2 marks
available for energy transfers
1

(b) (TVs in stand-by) use electricity

accept power / energy
1

generating electricity (from fossil fuels) produces CO2

accept greenhouse gas
accept sulfur dioxide
1

(CO2) contributes to global warming

accept climate change for global warming
accept greenhouse effect if CO2 given
accept acid rain if linked to sulfur dioxide
1

(c) a factor other than scientific is given, eg economic, political or legal

personal choice is insufficient
1
[8]

Q6.
(a) smoke absorbs / stops alpha radiation
allow alpha particles for alpha radiation
alpha radiation does not reach the detector is insufficient
1

(b) alpha radiation is not very penetrating

allow alpha particles for alpha radiation

or
alpha radiation does not penetrate skin
allow alpha radiation does not travel very far (in air)

Page 26 of 31
 1

(c) beta and gamma radiation will penetrate smoke

allow beta and gamma radiation will not be stopped by smoke
1

no change (in the count rate) would be detected

allow the change detected (in the count rate) would be too small
1

(d) (a long half-life means) the count rate is (approximately) constant

allow activity of source is (approximately) constant

or
a short half-life means the count rate decreases quickly
1

until 1.3 half-lives the count rate is above 80 per second

allow after 1.3 half-lives the count rate is below 80 per second

or
until 1.3 half-lives the count rate is above the threshold for the smoke alarm to be
activated

or
after 1.3 half-lives the smoke alarm will be activated all the time
so don’t have to replace source or smoke detector is insufficient
1

(e) Level 2: Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, given in detail and
logically linked to form a clear account.
3−4

Level 1: Relevant points (reasons / causes) are identified, and there are attempts at
logically linking. The resulting account is not fully clear.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

• short half-life or half-life of a few hours

• (short half-life means) less damage to cells / tissues / organs / body
• low ionising power
• (low ionising power means) less damage to cells / tissues / organs / body
• highly penetrating
• (highly penetrating means) it can be detected outside the body
• emits gamma radiation
[10]

Q7.
(a) g.p.e. = mass × gravitational field strength × height
accept Ep = mgh
1

(b) Ep = 50 × 9.8 × 20

Page 27 of 31
 1

9800 (J)
allow 9800 (J) with no working shown for 2 marks
answer may also be correctly calculated using W = Fs
ie allow W = 490 × 20 for 1 mark
or answer of 9800 (J) using this method for 2 marks
1

(c) 7840 (J)

allow ecf from ‘11.2’
1

(d) 7840 = ½ × 50 × v2
1

allow for this point

1

17.7(0875) (m / s)
1

18 (m / s)
allow ecf from ‘11.3’ correctly calculated for 3 marks
allow 18 (m / s) with no working for 2 marks
answer may also be correctly calculated using v2 – u2 = 2as
1

(e) extension = 35 (m) and conversion of 24.5 kJ to 24500 J

1

24 500 = ½ × k × 352
1

40
1
allow 40 with no working shown for 3 marks
an answer of ‘16.2’ gains 2 marks
[11]

Q8.
(a) (i) infrared (radiation)
accept IR (radiation)
1

(ii) (heated) water turns to steam

ignore reference to fossil fuels
do not accept water evaporates to steam
1

steam turns a turbine

1

Page 28 of 31
 turbine turns a generator
accept turbine connected to a generator
1

(b) (i) (so the molten salts) can store large amounts of energy
accept there is a small temperature change for a large energy
transfer
accept heat for energy
1

(ii) 16 (hours)
an answer that rounds to 16 gains 2 marks eg 15.71
allow 1 mark for a correct substitution ie 2 200 000 = 140 000 × t
3

(iii) the number of daylight hours varies

less sunlight is insufficient
1

the (mean) power (received from the Sun per square metre) varies
accept an answer in terms of maximum possible electrical output
only possible during Summer for 1 mark
1

(c) (i) non-renewable power stations have higher Capacity Factors than renewable
power stations
1

fuel (for non-renewable power stations) is always available

reference to non-renewable power stations operating all the time is
insufficient
non-renewable energy sources are reliable is insufficient
1

(most) renewable energy sources are unpredictable / unreliable

accept (most) renewable energy sources depend on the weather
1

(ii) the (proportion of) time that solar storage power stations can generate
electricity is greater (than for other renewable energy sources)
1
[14]

Q9.
(a) (i) 150
1

(ii) transferred to the surroundings by heating

reference to sound negates mark
1

(iii) 0.75
450 / 600 gains 1 mark
accept 75% for 2 marks
maximum of 1 mark awarded if a unit is given
2

Page 29 of 31
 (iv) 20 (s)
correct answer with or without working gains 2 marks
correct substitution of 600 / 30 gains 1 mark
2

(b) (i) to avoid bias

1

(ii) use less power and last longer

1

1 LED costs £16, 40 filament bulbs cost £80

or

filament costs (5 times) more in energy consumption

1

(iii) any one from:

• availability of bulbs
• colour output
• temperature of bulb surface
1
[10]

Q10.
(a) Level 3: The design/plan would lead to the production of a valid
outcome. All key steps are identified and logically sequenced.
5–6

Level 2: The design/plan would not necessarily lead to a valid

outcome. Most steps are identified, but the plan is not fully
logically sequenced.
3–4

Level 1: The design/plan would not lead to a valid outcome. Some

relevant steps are identified, but links are not made clear.
1–2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

• Wrap N layers of newspaper around the metal can

• Heated water in a kettle
or
Using a Bunsen burner
• Put hot water in the metal can
• Use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of water
• Measure initial and final temperature with the digital thermometer
• Use a stopclock / stopwatch to measure a time of 5 minutes
• Calculate temperature decrease
• Repeat with different number of layers of newspaper
• Repeat with no layers of newspaper
• Use same initial temperature of hot water
• Use same volume of water each time

Page 30 of 31
 Level 3: Workable method which includes changing the number of layers and
includes at least one control variable (same volume of water or same starting
temperature)

(b) the digital thermometer and the datalogger have the same resolution
allow both measure to 1 d.p.
ignore accuracy
ignore precision
they give the same result is insufficient
1

only need to measure the start and end temperature

or
only need 2 readings
or
only need to calculate the temperature change
1
[8]

Page 31 of 31