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(Inorganic) (Organic) (Organic)

This experiment compared the properties of organic and inorganic compounds. [1] Organic compounds were found to be soluble in organic solvents while inorganic compounds were soluble in water. [2] Organic compounds had lower melting and boiling points than inorganic compounds. [3] Organic compounds were generally unstable when heated, while inorganic compounds remained stable.

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325 views

(Inorganic) (Organic) (Organic)

This experiment compared the properties of organic and inorganic compounds. [1] Organic compounds were found to be soluble in organic solvents while inorganic compounds were soluble in water. [2] Organic compounds had lower melting and boiling points than inorganic compounds. [3] Organic compounds were generally unstable when heated, while inorganic compounds remained stable.

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Space Monkey
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Experiment 1.

1:

“Experiment Report – Organic and Inorganic Compounds”

Organize your observation in the actual experiment. Complete the data sheet provided.

DATA SHEET

A. Solubility

Compound Water Ethyl Alcohol Diethyl Ether


(Inorganic) (Organic) (Organic)
Benzoic Acid insoluble soluble soluble
(organic)
Sodium Chloride soluble insoluble insoluble
(inorganic)

In what type of compounds is benzoic acid soluble?

Benzoic Acid is soluble in organic solvents such as Ethyl Alcohol and Diethyl Ether.

In what type of compound is sodium chloride soluble?

Sodium Chloride is soluble in inorganic solvents or polar solvents such as Distilled Water.

Give a general statement as to the difference in solubility of organic and inorganic compounds.

Organic compounds are soluble in organic or non-polar solvents while inorganic compounds are soluble
in inorganic or polar solvents such as water.

B. Melting and Boiling Point

MELTING POINT organic low melting points

Sugar: 26.84 s second

Salt: 2.07 min third

Benzoic Acid: 15 s first

BOILING POINTorganic low boiling points


Diethyl Ether: First

Distilled Water: Third

Ethyl Alcohol: Second

Which compound melted first?

Which compound boiled first?

Which compound boiled second?

Which compound boiled last?

C. Stability Towards Heat

Compound Observations after heating


Sodium Chloride No Change stable
Sugar Became a brown liquid unstable
Benzoic Acid Turned into a clear liquid unstable

Give a general statement regarding the stability of organic and inorganic compounds towards heat.

Organic compounds such as Sugar and Benzoic Acid are less stable towards heat as they undergo changes
in their physical appearances under two minutes when heated, while inorganic compounds as Sodium
Chloride are generally stable as they undergo no changes in physical appearance when heated for two
minutes.

Give 5 examples of organic compounds in the household which changes in the same way as sugar and
benzoic acid when heated.

1. Monosodium glutamate (msg) – decomposes and turns to a dark brown liquid when heated
2. Naphthalene balls – melts to a white liquid when heated with fire
3. Starch – immediately turns to a dark brown liquid when heated
4. Paracetamol – melts to a dark brown substance when heated
5. Soap – melts immediately after heated

D. Combustibility

Compound Combustible or Non-combustible


Ethyl alcohol Combustible
Ether Combustible
Organic halide (Carbon Non-combustible
Tetrachloride)
Water Non-combustible

E. Ionization

Observation
Silver Nitrate + Sodium Forms a white precipitate
Chloride
Carbon Tetrachloride + No observable change occured
Silver Nitrate

What conclusion can you make based on the results obtained? Explain briefly.

Ionic bonds in inorganic compounds such as in the silver nitrate and sodium chloride combination allow
the inorganic compounds to be ionized and be broken down to its individual ionic components, causing it
to react and form a precipitate.

On the other hand, no observable change happened when carbon tetrachloride was added with silver
nitrate because the carbon tetrachloride is covalent and the silver nitrate is ionic hence no reaction,
therefore, no ionization has occurred.

F. Acidity and Alkalinity

Sample Substances Reaction to Litmus Paper Classification


1. Dilute HCl Red Strong acid
2. Dilute Acetic Acid Red Weak acid
3. Dilute NaOH Blue Weak base
4. Aniline Blue Weak base

What can you conclude regarding the difference in the degree of acidity and alkalinity between
organic and inorganic compounds?

Most organic bases and acids are weak acids and bases in general.

G. Questions
1. Name 5 other differences between organic and inorganic compounds not illustrated in
this experiment.
2. What are some similarities between organic and inorganic compounds? (Give at least
three properties).
3. Who is the Father of Organic Chemistry?
4. How many organic compounds are known at present?
5. What are the sources of organic compounds?

Abstract:

One of the primary basis in studying the discipline of chemistry are organic and inorganic compounds.
This experiment focuses of the differences of the aforementioned compounds in terms of their physical
and chemical characteristics aside from the known fact that organic compounds contain carbon atoms and
most of the inorganic compounds do not. These characteristics involve solubility, melting and boiling
points, stability towards heat, combustibility, ionization, and acidity and alkalinity.

The solubility of organic and inorganic compounds was tested by adding a pinch of table salt for one trial
and a pinch of benzoic acid for another trial to each of the following solvents, i.e., water, ethyl alcohol,
and diethyl ether. The melting point was then tested for sugar, salt, and benzoic acid, and boiling points
for diethyl ether, distilled water, and ethyl alcohol was observed. For heat stability, sodium chloride,
sugar, and benzoic acid were each subjected to heat and tested if there is any observable change after two
minutes. Combustibility was then tested for ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, and water
by placing each substances in an evaporating dish and then placing it near a lighted matchstick. Lastly,
ionization was finally tested by observing if there is any precipitate formed when Silver Nitrate and
Sodium Chloride was mixed; the same process was done in mixing Carbon Tetrachloride with Silver
Nitrate.

It was later on concluded that, in terms of solubility, organic compounds are soluble in organic or non-
polar solvents while inorganic compounds are soluble in inorganic or polar solvents, such as water. It was
also observed that organic compounds have lower melting and boiling points compared to inorganic
compounds. Other findings include organic compounds being generally unstable when subjected to heat
while inorganic compounds are the exact opposite, inorganic compounds being non-combustible whereas
organic compounds are generally combustible except for certain organic halides as carbon tetrachloride.
Moreover, ionization occurs when two inorganic compounds were added to each other while no reaction
or ionization happens when one organic compound and one inorganic compound were mixed together, as
organic compounds are insoluble to inorganic solvents. Lastly, it was also found that organic bases and
acids are weak acids and bases in general.

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