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Lab Manual - Thevenin Theorem

The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem by replacing a two-terminal network with an equivalent voltage source and resistor. The procedure involves measuring the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and load characteristics both physically and virtually in MATLAB. Measurements are taken for multiple component values and the computed load current is compared to the observed value to verify the theorem holds.

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Prathamesh Raje Ugale
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© © All Rights Reserved
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234 views

Lab Manual - Thevenin Theorem

The document describes an experiment to verify Thevenin's theorem by replacing a two-terminal network with an equivalent voltage source and resistor. The procedure involves measuring the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and load characteristics both physically and virtually in MATLAB. Measurements are taken for multiple component values and the computed load current is compared to the observed value to verify the theorem holds.

Uploaded by

Prathamesh Raje Ugale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revised in 2021

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


FIRST YEAR E.T. LAB EXP. NO. – 2
Title: VERIFICATION OF THEVENIN THEOREM

Objective: Verification of Thevenin Theorem.

Theory: Any two output terminals of an active linear network containing independent sources
(it includes voltage and current sources) can be replaced by a simple voltage source of magnitude
Vth in series with a single resistor Rth where Rth is the equivalent resistance of the network when
looking from the output terminals with all sources (voltage and current) removed and replaced
by their internal resistances and the magnitude of Vth is equal to the open circuit voltage across
the output terminals. Vth are Rth are called Thevenin-equivalent voltage and Thevenin -equivalent
resistance, respectively.

Circuit Diagram:

I1 I2
DPDT
DPDT

I3

Fig. 1: Circuit diagram for verification in physical lab

I1 I2

Vin1

I3 Vin2

Fig. 2: Circuit diagram for verification in virtual simulation (MATLAB)

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Revised in 2021

Procedure:
Physical Virtual
Keep all the rheostats close to their Set all breakers to status 0. Note the
maximum resistance values values of Vin1, Vin2, and Rload.
Close the switch S1 to position ‘aa’ and Set the status of breakers 2, 4, 5 to 1 and
S2 to ‘cc’. Observe the load (26 ohm the others to 0. Run the simulation and
rheostat) current (IL) and terminal voltage take the readings of output voltage (Vout)
(VL) readings. Then the value of load and load current (Iload). Find the load
resistance RL=VL/IL. resistance RL = Vout/Iload.
Disconnect the load by opening the switch Disconnect the load by opening the
S2 and read the open circuit voltage (or breaker 4 and read the open circuit
Thevenin equivalent voltage) VTH. voltage (or Thevenin equivalent voltage)
Vth (Vout).
Next, to compute the Thevenin equivalent Next, to compute the Thevenin equivalent
resistance (RTH) of the network as seen resistance (RTH) of the network as seen
from the load terminals: from the load terminals:
i) Replace the 220V source by a short by i) Replace the Vin1 source by a short by
closing S1 to ‘bb’. closing breaker 1 (status 1) and
ii) Apply 110V at the output opening breaker 5 (status 0).
terminals by closingS2 to ii) Apply Vin2 at the output terminals by
‘dd’. Read the voltmeter closing breaker 3 (status 1). Take readings
(V) and ammeter(I) and of Vout and Iload, and calculate RTH
get RTH= V/I.

Now compute the load current applying Now compute the load current applying
Thevenin’s theorem as IL=VTH/(RTH+RL). Thevenin’s theorem as IL=VTH/(RTH+RL).
Compare the above computed load Compare the above computed load
current with its observed value in step current with its observed value in step
(2) and verify the Theorem. (2) and verify the Theorem.
Adjust all the rheostats to new settings Set new values of resistances Ra, Rb, Rc
and repeat from step (2) to step (6) for at to new set of values.
least six sets of readings without
exceeding rated current in any element.

Table – I Thevenin’s Theorem

Sl. Observed VL RL = VTH V I (A) RTH = Computed load


No. Load VL/IL (V) (V) V/I Current (A)
Current IL (Ω) VTH/(RTH+RL)=IL

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Revised in 2021

DISCUSSION:

(i) Why are you applying 110 V instead of 220 V while finding R TH?
(ii) Can you suggest an alternative procedure for the determination of RTH?
(iii) Is there any restriction for choice of circuit elements?
(iv) What type of ammeter and voltmeter (MC or MI) will you use and why?

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