Basic Human Rights

By
Dr.R.M. Autee
 Course Outcome
• Students will be able to understand the history of human rights.

• Students will learn to respect others caste, religion, region and culture.

• Students will be aware of their rights as Indian citizen.

• Students will be able to understand the importance of groups and communities in the society.

• Students will be able to realize the philosophical and cultural basis and historical perspectives of human rights.
Human Duties
• All people have a responsibility to
• protect the air, water
• Soil of the earth for the sake of present inhabitants
• Future generations.
• Every person has a responsibility to behave with integrity,
honesty and fairness.
• No person or group should rob or arbitrarily deprive any other
person or group of their property
Definition of Basic Human Rights
• All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one
another in a spirit of brotherhood.

• Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person

• Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person

• No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or

degrading treatment or punishment.
• Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings.

• They define relationships between individuals and power structures,

especially the State.

• Human rights delimit State power and, at the same time, require

States to take positive measures ensuring an environment that

enables all people to enjoy their human rights.

• History in the past 250 years has been shaped by the struggle to

create such an environment.

• Starting with the French and American revolutions in the late

eighteenth century, the idea of human rights has driven many

revolutionary movements for empowerment and for control over the

wielders of power, governments in particular.

Examples of human rights
• Right to life
• Freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
• Freedom from slavery, servitude and forced labour
• Right to liberty and security of person
• Right of detained persons to be treated with humanity
• Freedom of movement
• Right to a fair trial
• Prohibition of retroactive criminal laws
 Examples of human rights
• Right to recognition as a person before the law
• Right to privacy
• Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
• Freedom of opinion and expression
• Prohibition of propaganda for war and of incitement to national, racial or
religious hatred
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom of association
• Right to marry and found a family
• Right to take part in the conduct of public affairs, vote, be elected and have
access to public office
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• Article 1 Right to Equality
• Article 2 Freedom from Discrimination
• Article 3 Right to Life, Liberty, Personal Security
• Article 4 Freedom from Slavery
• Article 5 Freedom from Torture and Degrading Treatment
• Article 6 Right to Recognition as a Person before the Law
• Article 7 Right to Equality before the Law
• Article 8 Right to Remedy by Competent Tribunal
• Article 9 Freedom from Arbitrary Arrest and Exile
• Article 10 Right to Fair Public Hearing
 • Article 11 Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty
• Article 12 Freedom from Interference with Privacy, Family, Home and
Correspondence
• Article 13 Right to Free Movement in and out of the Country
• Article 14 Right to Asylum in other Countries from Persecution
• Article 15 Right to a Nationality and the Freedom to Change It
• Article 16 Right to Marriage and Family
• Article 17 Right to Own Property
• Article 18 Freedom of Belief and Religion
• Article 19 Freedom of Opinion and Information
• Article 20 Right of Peaceful Assembly and Association

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• Article 21 Right to Participate in Government and in Free Elections
• Article 22 Right to Social Security
• Article 23 Right to Desirable Work and to Join Trade Unions
• Article 24 Right to Rest and Leisure
• Article 25 Right to Adequate Living Standard
• Article 26 Right to Education
• Article 27 Right to Participate in the Cultural Life of Community
• Article 28 Right to a Social Order that Articulates this Document
• Article 29 Community Duties Essential to Free and Full Development
• Article 30 Freedom from State or Personal Interference in the above
Rights
Civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights
are universal, indivisible and interrelated
• Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate in economics, has provided empirical
proof that all human rights are indivisible and interdependent. In his
research on famines, for instance, he found that there is a clear and
unequivocal link between famine, governance and respect for all
human rights, among rich and poor countries alike.
• When governments respect civil and political rights, people are able
to voice their concerns and the media can raise awareness of the risk
of famine. Consequently, leaders are aware of the dangers of ignoring
such risks and are more likely to be held accountable for their
policies, including those affecting economic, social and cultural rights.
 Human Values
• The five human values which are expected in all human beings, irrespective of whether they are
employees or not in whichever profession or service, are:

• Right Conduct – Contains values like self-help skills (modesty, self-reliance, hygiene etc.), social skills (good
behavior, good manners, environment awareness etc.), ethical skills (courage, efficiency, initiative,
punctuality etc.) and Ownership.

• Peace – Contains values like equality, focus, humility, optimism, patience, self-confidence, selfcontrol, self-
esteem etc.

• Truth – Contains values like accuracy, fairness, honesty, justice, quest for knowledge, determination etc.

• Peaceful co-existence – Contains values like psychological (benevolence, compassion, consideration,

morality, forgiveness etc.) and social (brotherhood, equality, perseverance, respect for others,
environmental awareness etc.)

• Discipline – Contains values like regulation, direction, order etc.

Human rights
• Human rights include
• The right to life and liberty,
• Freedom from slavery and torture,
• Freedom of opinion and expression,
• The right to work and education, and many more.
• Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
Contribution of American bill of rights

• The Bill of Rights protects freedom of speech, freedom of

religion, the right to keep and bear arms, the freedom of
assembly and the freedom to petition. It also prohibits
unreasonable search and seizure, cruel and unusual
punishment and compelled self-incrimination.
Post Revolution and
Bill of Rights
 Rights of working and exploited people

• These basic rights are proportional to an employer's duty to

make the workplace as comfortable and employee-friendly
as possible. These rights safeguard the employee from
discrimination based on age, gender, race or religion,
protect their interest and entitles them with the right to
privacy and fair remuneration.
• The right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work
which he freely chooses or accepts;

• The right to the enjoyment of just and favourable conditions of work, in

particular remuneration which provides all workers, as a minimum,
with fair wages and equal remuneration for work of equal value, and a
decent living for themselves and their families;

• Safe and healthy working conditions.

• Equal opportunity for everyone to be promoted in his employment
to an appropriate higher level, subject to no considerations other
than those of seniority and competence;

• And rest, leisure and reasonable limitation of working hours and

periodic holidays with pay, as well as remuneration for public
holidays;

• The right of everyone to form and join the trade union of his choice
and the right to strike, provided that it is exercised in conformity
with the laws of the particular country.
 UNDERSTANDING THE CONSTITUTION

• At the end of the American

Revolution the people wanted to set
up a new government called a
Republic that would limit Government
power.
 Meaning of Republic

A state in which supreme power is held by the

people and their elected representatives, and

which has an elected or nominated president

rather than a monarch.

 UNDERSTANDING THE CONSTITUTION

• The Government became the new

constitution.
• Three branches of Government were
set up with a system of checks and
balances.
 Separation of Powers

This separation balances the branches of government and keeps any

one of them from growing too powerful.

Legislative Branch Executive Branch

Judicial Branch
• Writes laws • Proposes and administers
laws
• Confirms presidential • Interprets Constitution and
appointments • Commands armed forces
• Approves treaties • Appoints officials other laws

• Grants money • Conducts foreign policy

• Reviews lower-court
• Declares war
decisions
THE BILL OF RIGHTS

•Established after the new Constitution was

established.
•The first 10 amendments were to protect
the rights of citizens.
Who determines what the Bill of Rights
mean?
• The Supreme Court makes rulings on the meaning
• The Supreme Court balances the rights of the individual with the
needs of society

Individual?? Society??
1st Amendment
• The 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, the
press, assembly, and petition.

• This means that we all have the right to:

• practice any religion we want to
• To speak freely
• to assemble (meet)
• to address the government (petition)
• to publish newspapers, TV, radio, Internet (press)
 2nd Amendment

• The 2nd Amendment protects

the right to bear arms, which

means the right to own a gun.

 3rd Amendment

• The 3rd Amendment says “No soldier shall, in time of peace be

quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor

in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.”

• This means that we cannot be forced to house or quarter

soldiers.
 4th Amendment
• The 4th Amendment protects the people from unreasonable
searches and seizures.
• This means that the police must have a warrant to enter our
homes. It also means the government cannot take our property,
papers, or us, without a valid warrant based on probable cause
(good reason).
 5th Amendment
• The 5th Amendment protects people from being held for
committing a crime unless they are properly indicted, (accused)

• You may not be tried twice for the same crime (double
jeopardy)

• You don’t have to testify against yourself in court. (Self-

incrimination)
 6th Amendment
• The 6th Amendment guarantees a speedy trial (you

can’t be kept in jail for over a year without a trial)

• an impartial jury (doesn’t already think you are guilty)

• that the accused can confront witnesses against them

• the accused must be allowed to have a lawyer

7th Amendment

• The 7th Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy civil trial.

• A civil trial differs from a criminal trial. A civil trial is when someone

sues someone else. A criminal trial is when the state tries to convict

someone of a crime.
 8th Amendment

• The 8th Amendment guarantees that punishments will

be fair and not cruel, and that
extraordinarily large fines will not be set.
9th Amendment

• All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden

by the Constitution belong to the people.

• This means that the states can do what they want if the
Constitution does not forbid it.
10th Amendment

• The 10th Amendment states that any power not granted to

the federal government belongs to the states or to the
people.
• Basically government can’t tell you how to live certain aspects of
your life

• Limited power
 Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship 8.3.6
FACT

American citizenship involves great privileges

and serious responsibilities.

• Citizenship in the United States is determined in several ways.

• Citizens are expected to fulfill a number of important duties.

• Active citizen involvement in government and the community is

encouraged.

• The way the members of a group use their rights and carry out their
responsibilities.
Citizenship in the United States is determined in
several ways
• Anyone born in the United States or U.S. territory is a
citizen, as is anyone whose parent is a citizen.
• Foreign-born people whose parents are not citizens can
become naturalized citizens.
• Legal immigrants may not vote or hold public office; the U.S.
government can deport immigrants who break the law.
• Legal immigrants may request naturalization after living in
the United States for five years.
• Naturalized citizens cannot become president or vice
president and can lose their citizenship.
 Let the blood of the traitors flow

• Danton probably meant boldness in fighting the war against Austria.

But many took his words to refer to enemies within France.
• The radical press took up the cry, "Let the blood of the traitors flow,"
and within hours of Danton's speech the streets of France did indeed
run with blood.
• By September 7, over 1000 were dead.