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Empirical Formula, Molecular Formula, and Percentage Composition

This document discusses molecular and empirical formulas, obtaining molecular and empirical formulas from mass percentages, and calculating percentage composition. It provides examples of determining the molecular formula of a compound given its empirical formula and molar mass. It also gives an example of finding the empirical formula from mass percentages of elements and calculating percentage composition of elements in a compound.

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Patrixiah Monicah Mareight Baron
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47 views

Empirical Formula, Molecular Formula, and Percentage Composition

This document discusses molecular and empirical formulas, obtaining molecular and empirical formulas from mass percentages, and calculating percentage composition. It provides examples of determining the molecular formula of a compound given its empirical formula and molar mass. It also gives an example of finding the empirical formula from mass percentages of elements and calculating percentage composition of elements in a compound.

Uploaded by

Patrixiah Monicah Mareight Baron
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17/05/2022

Empirical Formula, Molecular


Formula, and Percentage
Composition

Molecular and Empirical Formula

Molecular Empirical
Formula Formula
Also known as true This tells the
formula, this simplest whole-
indicates the actual number ratio of
number of each atoms in a
atom in a compound compound.

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17/05/2022

Hydrogen Peroxide

Molecular Empirical
Formula Formula

H2 O 2 HO

Obtaining the Molecular Formula


of a compound

Multiply the whole


Divide the given
Identify the molar number answer from
molar mass to the
mass from the given Step 2 to the
calculated molar
empirical formula subscripts of the
mass.
empirical formula

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What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of


60.0 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH4N?

STEP 1. Calculate the molar mass of CH4N.


Element No. of moles Molar mass (g) Total
Carbon 1 12.01 12.01
Hydrogen 4 1.008 4.032
Nitrogen 1 14.007 14.007
TOTAL 30.05 g or
30.05 g/mol

What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of


60.0 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH4N?

Step 2: Divide the given molar mass to the calculated molar mass
to determine the value of n.

60.0 𝑔Τ𝑚𝑜𝑙
n= =1.99 or 2
30.05 𝑔Τ𝑚𝑜𝑙

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What is the molecular formula of a compound with a molar mass of


60.0 g/mol and an empirical formula of CH4N?

STEP 3. Multiply the value of n to the subscripts of CH4N to get


the molecular formula.
Element No. of atoms n Total
Carbon 1 2 2
Hydrogen 4 2 8
Nitrogen 1 2 2

Molecular formula : C2H8N2

Obtaining the Empirical Formula


of a compound

Multiply the values in


Divide each amount
Calculate the number step 2 by the smallest
of element in moles
of moles for each integer that makes
by the smallest given
atom the value whole
values
numbers.

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Determine the empirical formula of a compound that contains


40.05% sulfur and 59.95 % oxygen.

Step 1: Calculate the number of moles for each atom.

40.05 g S ( 1 𝑚 𝑜𝑙 𝑆 ) = 1.249 mol S


32.065 𝑔

59.95 g O (1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑂) = 3.747 mol O


16 𝑔

Determine the empirical formula of a compound that


contains 40.05% sulfur and 59.95 % oxygen.

Step 2: Divide each amount of element in moles by


the smallest of the given values.

S= 1.249 / 1.249 = 1
O= 3.747/ 1.249 = 3

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Determine the empirical formula of a compound that


contains 40.05% sulfur and 59.95 % oxygen.

Step 3: Multiply the values in step 2 by the smallest integer


that makes the values whole numbers:

S= 1 x 1= 1 O= 3 x 1 = 3

SO3

Percentage Composition

The percent composition is the percent by mass of the elements that


make up a compound. The percent composition isobtained using
the formula:

% = (number of atoms of the element) (molar mass of the element) x 100


formula weight of the substance

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Percentage Composition

• Example: Calculate the %composition of H and O in water. Itsmolecular


mass is18.02 g.

For H:
(2) (1.008 g)
% composition= x 100 = 11.19 %
18.02 g

For O:

(1) (16 g)
% composition= x 100 = 88.79 %
18.02 g

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