EARTH SCIENCE Revised: 07/21/20

LESSON TIMETABLE
MODULE : EARTH: STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEMS

Sub-Module : 1. Earth’s Formation and Layers

COURSE/SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

CONTENT/TOPIC STRATEGY/ REFRENCE/ EVALUATION

DURATION
ACTIVITY TOOLS OUTPUT
Introduction
 Opening Prayer
(Optional)
 Introducing the
Laptop/Com
instructor
Lecture-Disc puter
30 minutes  Leveling/
ussion Module
Motivation PPT
 Articulating the
desired learning
outcomes for the
session
Presentation

 Recall Solar
Nebular Theory

 Define the layers

 Describe each
layer
a. Core
Lecture-Disc
b. Mantle ussion
Laptop/Com
c. Crust puter
7 hours Oral recitation
Module
 Differentiate Question
PPT
Inner core, Outer and Answer
core, Upper
mantle, Lower
mantle and
Continental
Crust, Oceanic
Crust.

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Application
 Reinforcement
Laptop/Com
 Recap of Recitation 15-item
puter
30 minutes Learning insights Objective Type
Module
 Assessment lecture of Written Test
PPT
 Closing Prayer
(Optional)

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SESSION PLAN
Program/Year Level : ABM, HUMSS, STEM, TVHE, TVIA - 11

MODULE : EARTH: STRUCTURE AND SUBSYSTEMS

Sub-Module : 1. Earth’s Formation and Layers

SUBJECT : EARTH SCIENCE

METHODOLOGY : Lecture-Discussion, Question and Answer (OBE)

DURATION : FOUR (4) Hours Lecture; ________ laboratory

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs):

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Define the Solar Nebular Theory.

 Explain the layers of the Earth.
 Differentiate the four major biomes.

LEARNING AIDS:

 Laptop /Computer
 Module
 PowerPoint Presentation

REFERENCES: (Preferably in Digital Form)

 Religioso, Teresita and Vengco, Lilia, 2016, Earth and Life Science by
Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.,

I. INTRODUCTION

Preparatory Activities
 Opening Prayer
 Introducing the instructor
 Leveling/Motivation

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II. PRESENTATION (Lesson Proper)

Have you ever tried cutting a

multi-layered cake before? If you
were to cut Earth, how would
compare to the layers of the
cake? Just like a cake, would the
layers be also made of different
materials.
Earth has many layers because it
was shaped by the geologic
processes that began at the start
of Earth’s origin. The differences
of each layer are based on the
components that make them up.

This chapter presents the different layers of the Earth. You will learn how these layers
were formed and what makes them. You will also learn about the interaction these layers
have with each other and the different natural phenomena that occur as a result of these
interactions.

EARTH’S FORMATION AND LAYERS

Recall the formation of the Solar System based on Solar Nebular Theory. The initial
nebula consists of mixtures of grain (rocks) and ice. Through the process of accretion,
different types of planets are formed- from small terrestrial planets to la rge Jovian
Planets.

SOLAR NEBULAR THEORY

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Earth consist of layers made up of

different densities. Earth’s center is the
core which is composed of dense metals
like nickel and iron. The outermost layer,
called crust, is made up mostly of light
elements such as silicon oxygen, and
aluminum. The middle layer consisting of
rocks is called mantle.

CORE: INNER AND OUTER

The study of Earth’s interior is most

difficult because it is inaccessible. The
information about Earth’s core is from
seismic information and computer models.

In 1936, Danish seismologist Inge

Lehmann discovered that Earth has a solid
inner core.

Furthermore, studies showed that the

hot spherical slid has a radius of 1250
kilometers. It consists mainly of iron-nickel
alloy and is magnetic. It has a temperature
of about 6000 0C- almost as hot as the
surface of the sun. The pressure in the
inner core is so great that the alloy cannot
melt. For this reason, the inner core is Inge Lehmann
mostly solid.

The outer core is made mostly or iron and nickel. The outer core is approximately
2300 km thick. It is very hot; the temperature ranges between 4000Oc and 5000Oc.
Because of the very high temperature, the outer core is liquid. The boundary between the
outer and inner core is sometimes referred to as Lehmann discontinuity.

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Earth’s molten metallic ore gave

rise to magnetic field. The magnetic
field is attribute to the dynamo effect of
circulating electric current. The nature
of the dynamo is not known in detail;
however, it is always linked to the
rotation of Earth.

COMPARISON OF INNER AND OUTER CORE

INNER CORE OUTER CORE

Iron and nickel Iron and nickel
Magnetic Magnetic
Solid Liquid
1250 km 2300 km
Cause of Earth’s magnetic field

MANTLE: LOWER AND UPPER

The mantle is the largest part of Earth. It is

the intermediate layer of Earth and is subdivided
into lower and upper mantle. It is made up of
molten rocks called magma. The magma
circulates in current determined by the cooling
and sinking of heavier minerals, and the heating
and rising of the lighter minerals. The mantle
has a total thickness of 2900 km.

The lower mantle is hot and exhibits

plasticity. The highest pressure in the layer
causes formation of minerals that are different
from that of the upper layer. Gutenberg
discontinuity is detected between Earth’s lower
mantle and the outer core as observed by
changes in the seismic waves. It is 2240 km thick.
Earth’s mantle

The uppermost mantle and Earth’s crust that form the lithosphere are relatively rigid.
The upper boundary that separates the upper mantle from Earth’s crust is defined by the
sudden increase in seismic velocity. This is called Mohorovicic (or Moho) discontinuity, as
noted by Andrija Mohorovicic in 1909. Moho is 5 km to 10 km below the ocean floor and
20 to 90 km with an average of 35 km, beneath typical continents.

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The asthenosphere is the layer that lies after

the lithosphere (100 km to 250 km) beneath km,
Earth’s surface. The name was given by British
geologist Joseph Barrell in 1914. The balance
between temperature and pressure is so great
that the rock has little strength (weak) and are
easily deformed. It is believed that asthenosphere
plays a critical role in the movement of plates on
surface of Earth according to the plate tectonic
theory.
Joseph Barrell

COMPARISON OF LOWER/MID AND UPPER MANTLE

LOWER/MID-MANTLE UPPER MANTLE

Asthenosphere Lithosphere

Soft/magma Rigid/solid

Exhibits “plasticity” Moho boundary

Convection currents

2240 km 660 km

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CRUST: CONTINENTAL AND OCEANIC

There are two types of crust that

make up the surface of the
lithosphere.
These are the continental crust
and the oceanic crust. Both the
continental and oceanic crust lie on
top of the mantle. The continental
crust is relatively thicker than the
oceanic crust because of high
elevation.
This is also a result of the varying
density between the two types of
crust- the granitic continental crust
has lower density than the basaltic
oceanic crust, which results in the
varying elevation. EARTH’S CRUST

COMPARISON OF OCEANIC AND CONTINENTAL CRUST

OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST

Dark-colored Light-colored
Basaltic Granitic
More dense Less dense
Thin layer Thick layer
50 km 40-70 km
Coarse-textured

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REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITY

I. What are the different layers of the Earth?

II. Contrast lithosphere from the asthenosphere.
III. Are continents the same as plates? Justify your answer.
IV. Give the significance of the ionosphere in the ozone layer.

RECAPITULATION OF THE LESSON/IMPORTANT POINTS DISCUSSED

I. Earth’s Layers
a. Core (Inner Core and Outer Core)
b. Mantle (Upper Mantle and Lower Mantle)
c. Crust (Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust)

III. ASSESSMENT

___________ 1. Why is oceanic crust denser than continental crust?

___________ 2. What are the components of core that make it magnetic?
___________ 3-4. Differentiate the three types of tectonic plates?
___________5. TRUE OR FALSE. Both continental and oceanic crust lie on
the top of the mantle.
___________ 6. Differentiate basaltic from granitic.
___________ 7-8. How is inner core different from outer core?
___________ 9.TRU OR FALSE. Earth consist of layers with same densities
which are separated by discontinuities.
___________ 10.How did they access the information in the Earth’s core?

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IV. CLOSING PRAYER ‘

Prepared by:

Ms. Rose Gelyn E. Mallari

Teacher

Reviewed by:
Mr. Richard John W. Hernandez
Academic Coordinator, SHS

Approved by:
Dr. Vilma V. Esparrago
Principal, Basic Education

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