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Translation of
Evidence into Nursing
Practice

MICA C. MATSUSAKI
BSN II- A

Submitted to:

MR. ART Z. TRIBUNAL, RN, LPT

Clinical Instructor

9|Page
 Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1:
1.1 Introduction 1

CHAPTER 2:
2.1 Defining Evidence 1
2.2 Implementation Science 1
2.3 Translational Sciences 2

CHAPTER 3:
3.1 Evaluation of Research Evidence 3

CHAPTER 4:
4.1 Informatics Tools that Promote the Use of
Evidence and Apply Knowledge to Practice 4

References 6

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CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Clinical selections are frequently made with uncertainty. It is extensively
diagnosed that evidence- based practice (EBP) can enhance healthcare high-
satisfactory and enhance affected person care outcomes. An extended emphasis on
EBP to facilitate this now calls for nurses in any respect degrees to interact in EBP. For
a nurse working towards throughout inpatient, ambulatory, domestic and different
settings in addition to education, administration, and research, it may be hard to
maintain up with each the modern day generation in addition to new medical
publications. Staying modern is significant to secure and top notch care despite the fact
that care primarily based totally on proof isn't continually the norm (Melnyk & Fineout-
Overholt, 2015). Although nurses in specific settings might also additionally take into
account specific varieties of data to be “proof,” the career is hastily getting to know
collectively how human and digital data resources, in addition to print data resources,
make a contribution to progressed outcomes (Carter-Templeton, 2013). Informatics
allows this adventure through strengthening the merger of proof with generation in
convenient, but transformative, ways. This bankruptcy specializes in the interpretation of
proof into exercise and the way translation intersects with generation.

CHAPTER II
2.1 DEFINING EVIDENCE
Evidence-based practice adds additional means to the use of evidence. EBP
provides a process for using evidence to generate knowledge. This is a general term
that is easier to define than operational. Although challenging, EBP, which is defined as
a process in which clinical decisions are shared among healthcare providers, patients,
and families, is broadly the best approach to improving patient quality and safety
(Harrington, 2017). These decisions are guided by the best available research
combined with provider knowledge and patient preferences. In addition, evidence-based
routes, protocols, and guidelines can be used to reduce unwanted differences in how
care is delivered (Macias, Loveless, Jackson, and Suresh, 2017).

2.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE

Implementation science is a developing discipline that is both broad and
complicated, and it is an essential area of research as we learn more about how to
apply findings in specific situations. Because it focuses on what is needed to enhance
outcomes, it is especially important to nurses and others who deal closely with patients.

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While much progress has been made in standardizing EBP in recent years, the
implementation phase remains the most difficult part of the process. The reasons for the
difficulties encountered at this era differ. "Pulling employees away from patient care to
lead the practice change, or the requirement of particular equipment and supplies for
practice change," according to Tucker & Gallagher-Ford (2019). (p. 51). They also
highlight fast-paced and constantly changing hospital settings, regulatory and payer
expectations, the challenges of change, and a lack of time and effort to keep the
transformation going (Tucker & Gallagher-Ford 2019). More material is available in their
series EBP 2.0: Implementing and Sustaining Change, which will begin in April 2019 in
the American Journal of Nursing.

EBP's complexity leads to the sluggish acceptance of research findings into

practice. According to one source, it takes 17 years for research findings to be put into
reality (Balas & Boren, 2000). Meanwhile, databases and online healthcare resources
are becoming increasingly rich in research-based knowledge. Around 2,000 items per
day were expected to be added to the Medline database in 2008. (Phillips & Glasziou,
2008). Furthermore, the implementation phase is frequently undervalued, resulting in
issues connected to long-term practice change. We also don't know much about nurses'
knowledge and abilities when it comes to applying evidence in the clinical context
(Tucker, Gallagher-Ford, Melnyk, 2018).
Much of the research is based on actual evidence, but it frequently fails to
consider the environment in which it will be applied. Nurses also spend a lot of time
interacting with the patients they are responsible for. As a result, nurse-led research is a
critical mechanism for translating nursing evidence into clinical practice, resulting in the
provision of safe and effective care (Curtis, Fry, Shaban, & Considine, 2016). The
application of EBP results in daily practice is still inconclusive, and the gap between
research and practice is still wide (Wallen et al., 2010). As a result of academics'
realizations that validated therapies were not being implemented and/or sustained in
clinical settings, implementation science arose in healthcare. This field of research
focuses on putting principles into practice in order to support evidence-based
conclusions and enhance outcomes (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2019). "The study of
techniques to encourage the adoption and integration of evidence-based practices,
treatments, and policies into regular health care and public health settings," according to
the definition (National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center, 2017).

2.3 TRANSLATION SCIENCE

A. Definition of Knowledge Translation

Knowledge Translation (KT) is defined as a dynamic and iterative

process that includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically‐sound
application of knowledge to improve the health of Canadians, provide more effective

health services and products and strengthen the health care system .

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In the last 20 years, scholars have paid increased attention to words like
knowledge translation and implementation science. In many contexts, terminology like
knowledge translation, utilization, exchange, dissemination, implementation science,
and utilization have been used interchangeably to describe these processes. These
terminologies are frequently different depending on where you are in the world (Khalil,
2016). A recent examination of 29 distinct phrases used to express knowledge
translation found 29 different terms used by several research funding bodies from nine
different nations (Curtis et al., 2016). This can add to the confusion about how to
understand and participate in these processes.
Sorting out the meanings might be difficult since no one standard international
phrase definitively defines translation. Understanding the frequently used terminology
linked with evidence-based care can be beneficial since sticking to one method of
thinking about evidence loses out on what these phrases have in common. Evidence-
based practice, implementation science, translational research, knowledge translation,
and other similar names all have the same goal: to get science closer to what makes a
difference for patients and populations. However, much is being learnt, and technology
is providing a boost. Struggling with how to use evidence in ways that promote long-
term, safe, cost-effective, and high-quality treatment is progressively yielding concrete
results.

CHAPTER III
3.1 EVALUATION OF RESEARCH EVIDENCE

After being acknowledged as part of the evidence base for a clinical condition,
research findings can be utilized to answer key clinical concerns. Only after rigorous
and explicit methods to identify, compare, and integrate data do research findings
become part of the evidence base for a disease or condition. Critical assessment of
study findings is carried out utilizing specific and objective inclusion and exclusion
criteria. When attempting to answer a clinical question, such as which nursing
techniques for pain reduction are the most effective and scientifically supported, such
criteria indicate research to investigate. To find credible and reputable peer-reviewed
papers to explore further, a structured strategy is applied. The efficacy of particular
therapies and their usefulness when utilized with actual patients outside of strictly
controlled circumstances are determined using rigorous approaches. Advanced
statistical analysis, such as Bayesian or other approaches, can assist you figure out
how to integrate your data in the most effective way. Systematic reviews use these
strategies to bring together what is known about the advantages and drawbacks of the
therapies that surround a clinical topic. The reliable technique aids in revealing the
tradeoffs that come with important therapy, diagnostic, and preventative measures.
Unbiased experts can then analyze and grade the accumulated findings relating to

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specific topics. Ratings are often completed by a diverse expert team. A team's
systematic evaluation frequently yields graded suggestions regarding what contributes
to better outcomes and what does not.

CHAPTER IV

4.1 INFORMATICS TOOLS THAT PROMOTE THE USE OF

EVIDENCE AND APPLY KNOWLEDGE TO PRACTICE

Evidence adoption has evolved beyond simply offering passive access to a

single clinical practice guideline or Webinar. After the evidence is found and introduced,
often using multiple implementation strategies, the focus has shifted to understanding
the conditions that foster ongoing and lasting change. Not only is the intervention being
tested based on the best available evidence, but the implementation tactics that are
being utilized to put the research into practice are also becoming more scientific.

A. Clinical Practice Guidelines

Clinical practice guidelines are critical to medical practice. They give healthcare
practitioners evidence-based advice on how to treat patients with certain illnesses or
conditions (Shekelle, 2018). For over two decades, healthcare clinicians could go to the
National Guideline Clearinghouse and the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse to
find evidence-based information that could be utilized in policy creation, therapy
development, and outcome measurement (Plunkett, 2018). However, there have been
some notable advances in clinical practice standards in the United States recently. A
new Institute Guideline Trust has been established by ECRI. (According to the ECRI
Institute Guideline Trust, 2019).

The Institute of Medicine, currently known as the National Academy of Medicine,

published a study in 2011 proposing techniques for developing guidelines, including
systematic evaluations of medical literature and further assessment information on
alternative therapy. Practice suggestions that are not based on a systematic review
should not be deemed clinical practice guidelines, according to this paper. As a result,
the number of guidelines in the National Guideline Clearinghouse was reduced by half
(from 2619 in 2014 to 1440 in 2018), and older guidelines that were not informed by
such rigorous evidence were removed from the system, while those that were
determined to be trustworthy and evidence-based were kept (Shekelle, 2018). Also, the
National Guideline Clearinghouse Extent of Adherence to Trustworthy Standards
(NEATS) instrument was developed. This tool evaluates information such as funding
sources disclosure, multidisciplinary input, conflict resolution information, patient
perspective inclusion, systematic review information, rationale-based recommendations,

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outline of pros and cons, evidence referencing, recommendations, and plans for
updating the guideline (Ju et al., 2019).

Due to a lack of government funding to operate the website, the National

Guideline Clearinghouse was shut down in 2018, leaving users without access to the
information. The Institute of Medicine's key advice was nullified due to a lack of access
to such vital information (Shekelle, 2018). Following the clearinghouse's closure, the
ECRI Institute Guideline Trust (ECRI Institute, 2020.) declared that it will take over its
management. Users may now search for and receive summaries of clinical practice
recommendations on the website .

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References

Curtis K, et al. (2016). Translating research findings to clinical nursing practice.

Retrieved online last 9th of Febuary of 2022 at 3:00 PM from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5396371/#

Heather Carter- Templon (2015). Translation of Evidence into Nursing Practice.

Retrieved online last 9th of Febuary of 2022 at 3:00 PM from
https://nursekey.com/translation-of-evidence-into-nursing-practice/#

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