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MyTRIZ Level 1 Practitoner Workbook

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MyTRIZ Level 1 Practitoner Workbook

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Azahari

Available Formats

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all innovations emerge from the application of a very small number of inventive principles and strategies.

© Inno Planet
TRIZ Level 1 Agenda – Day 1
Time Agenda Owner
0900 – 0930 Registration All
0930 – 0945 Welcome and Introduction
0945 – 1015 What is TRIZ & history Instructor
1015 – 1045 Break All
1045 – 1115 Basic Concepts of TRIZ Instructor
1115 – 1200 Function Analysis, Ideality Instructor
1200-1300 Structured Problem Solving Process Instructor
1300 – 1400 Lunch All
1400 – 1500 Cause & Effect Chain Analysis Instructor
1500 - 1530 Break All
1530 – 1630 Trimming Instructor
1630 – 1645 Exercise – Report out/Sharing All
1645 – 1700 Summary/Key Learning/Wrap-up Day 1 Instructor

© Inno Planet
TRIZ Level 1 Agenda – Day 2
Time Agenda Owner
0900 – 0915 Recap Day 1 Learning Instructor
0915 – 0945 TRIZ references, Engineering Contradiction Instructor
0945 – 1015 Contradiction Matrix, System Parameters, Instructor
Inventive Principles
1015 – 1045 Break All
1045 – 1300 Contradiction Matrix, System Parameters, Instructor
Inventive Principles
1300 – 1400 Lunch All
1400 – 1430 S-curve Instructor
1430 – 1530 Certification Test All
1530 – 1600 Break All
1600 – 1630 Trends of Engineering System Evolution All
1630 – 1700 Summary & Wrap Up Instructor

© Inno Planet
What is TRIZ?
• TRIZ is the Russian acronym for the “Theory
of Inventive Problem Solving”.
• It is a systematic problem solving method
based on logic and data, not intuition or
spontaneous creativity of individuals or
groups
• Developed by Genrich Altshuller and his colleagues
from 1946 through to 1985 in the former Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
• It is based on the study of patterns of problems and
solutions
• TRIZ provides repeatability, predictability, and
reliability due to its structure and algorithmic
approach
• It improves individual or team’s ability to solve
problems
© Inno Planet
Key Discoveries
Initial analysis of
patents (worldwide) 1 Problems and solutions were
repeated across industries &
200,000 sciences  40 Inventive
Principles for solving Problems
Synthesized
down to just
innovative 40,000
Are
mined
2 Patterns of technical
evolution were repeated
patents for… across industries & sciences 
Technology Trends to evolve
a technical system to the next
generation

* Today >2.8M patents have been analyzed & investigated

3 Innovations used scientific
effects outside the field from
TRIZ is a statistically based family of where the original problem
principles and strategies enabling was found  Scientific Effects
engineers to identify potential solution can be used to solve problems
paths of technical problems in unique ways
© Inno Planet
Why TRIZ?
Trial and error Structured and
problem solving systematic problem
approach solving approach

Increase efficiency and speed of innovation

Thomas Alva Edison (1847 – 1931)

“Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-
nine percent perspiration”

In 1879, after spending $40,000, and performing 1,200

experiments with 5,000 researchers, Edison succeeded in
making a light bulb using carbonized filaments from cotton
thread. The light bulb burned for two days. The electric light
took the greatest amount of time and required the most
complicated experiments of all his experiments.
© Inno Planet
Ways to solve a problem
Trial and error way
Problem Solution

Structured ways
Brainstorming
Trigger Approach
Solution
Checklist
Morphological Approach

TRIZ way
Function Analysis, Cause &
Effect Chain Analysis, Solution
Trimming, S-curve, etc.

TRIZ provides very structured methodologies through various tools

© Inno Planet
which accelerate time to problem solve and solution innovation
Limitation of usual problem solving methods
• Psychological inertia
• Lack of knowledge
• Wrong objective or goal
• Avoid conflict or contradiction
• Do not know actual root cause
Solution
Thermo- Mechanical
Variants
dynamics Effects
Variants Effects
Variants
Lack of
Concept
Knowledge Problem
Psychological Concept Chemical Electrical
Concept Inertia and
Effects
Magnetic
Solution
Problem Effects
© Inno Planet
How does TRIZ work?
Innovative solutions to difficult problems could be
found not by probing the nooks and crannies of
the right brain but by studying the way others had
already attacked similar problems.

General General
Problem Solution

Specific Simplified Specific

No guessing Problem Problem Solution

© Inno Planet
How do we solve problems?
3 4
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Solving Operators
Generalize To Specific
Solution
Standard
1 form
2 5
7x2 - 28x = -4 7x2 - 28x + 4 = 0 x1=3.85 x2=0.15

General Tool General

TRIZ Approach Problem Solutions
Model of Model of
Problem Solution
Analysis
Specific Simplified Specific
Problem Problem Solution

© Inno Planet
Psychological Inertia - Exercise #1
You are given 2 mosquito coils and 1 box of
matches, find the solution on how to get exactly
45 minutes if each coil burns for 1 hour

Mosquito Coil Mosquito Coil Matches

60 minutes 60 minutes

© Inno Planet
Psychological Inertia - Exercise #2
Given 3 rooms upstairs with 1 wall lamp each which is controlled
by 3 light switches in another room which is downstairs.
It is not possible to observe whether the rooms are lighted from
the room where the switches are located.
How do you identify which switch is for each room if you are
allowed to go upstairs only once?

Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3

Bulb 1 Bulb 2 Bulb 3

© Inno Planet
Setting the stage
Model of problem Tool Model of solution
8x7 Multiplication 56
chart
HCl + NaOH Laws of chemistry NaCl + H20
TRIZ: Engineering Contradiction Inventive Principles
Contradiction matrix
TRIZ: Physical Separation Inventive Principles
Contradiction Satisfaction
Bypass
TRIZ: Substance-Field System of Standard Inventive
model Standard Inventive Solutions
Solutions

© Inno Planet
Structure of TRIZ tools
Original problem to resolve
Toolbox which
Legend
Function Analysis contains root
Identification of Problem cause analysis,
Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
Model of Problem modeling of
Trends of Eng. System Evolution
Solution Generation Tool problem and
Model of Solution solution
Trimming Feature Transfer
generation tools
Psychological Key problem to resolve
Inertia

Engineering Contradiction Physical Contradiction Function Model Substance-Field Model Algorithm

of Inventive
Problem Solving
(ARIZ)
Separation, Satisfaction, System of Standard
Contradiction Matrix Scientific Effects
Bypass Invention Solutions

Specific Inventive Specific Inventive Specific Scientific Specific Standard (Not exhaustive list)
Principle Principle Effect Invention Solution

Key solution to implement

© Inno Planet
What is systems approach?
An organized, purposeful structure regarded as a
'whole' consisting of interrelated and interdependent
elements (or components)
A system
These elements (or components) continually influence
one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their
activity and the existence of the system, in order to
achieve the common purpose (or function) of the system

© Inno Planet
Engineering Systems
• Everything that performs a main useful function is an
engineering system e.g. car, pen, book, knife, etc.

• The system components are the elements that are an integral

part of the system design

• The supersystem components contain elements that influence

the system (but were not designed as part of the system)

• The product is the focal element of the system; primary reason

the system was designed

• Understanding Functions and

functionality at the most basic level is
fundamental to the successful
application of TRIZ

• Solutions change, but Functions stay the

same

• Knowledge classification by Function

allows ready access to other’s solutions

© Inno Planet
What is contradiction?
Contradiction is the opposition between
two conflicting forces or ideas
Contra = opposing or opposite
Diction = point or speech
Contradiction = opposing point

Living dead Friendly fire

New classic Serious joke
Open secret Deafening silence
Solid water Kalah menang
Glass hammer Hidup mati
Invisible ink Lawak gila

TRIZ definition: The contradiction occurs when we

are trying to improve one parameter of a technical
system and then the same or other parameters of
the technique are affected negatively.
© Inno Planet
Look for contradictions
• A key characteristic of an inventive problem
• Usual solution – trade-off or compromise
• Eliminating contradictions typically lead to invention

Speed Petrol Usage

Heat Gas Usage

GOOD BAD GOOD BAD

Car travels faster (good), but petrol Kettle of water boils faster (good), but
consumption is higher (bad) gas usage is higher (bad)

The inventor must find and remove contradictions

© Inno Planet
Types of contradictions
• Administrative contradiction is an explicit indication of one or more drawbacks
that does not seem to be possible to avoid by known methods
– We want to increase quality of production and decrease cost of raw materials

• Engineering contradiction is deterioration of one of the important features of

the engineering system caused by improving of another one
– The product gets stronger (good), but the weight increases (bad)
– Service is customized to each customer (good), but the service delivery system gets
complicated (bad)

• Physical contradiction is a couple of the opposite

technical requirements to the physical state of an
object
– Coffee should be hot for enjoyable drinking, but cold to
prevent burning the customer
– Software should be complex (to have many features),
but should be simple (to be easy to learn)

• The ideal state of the system is where it has all the

benefits with none of the harm or none of the costs

• The system is better, faster, low cost, low error, low

maintenance and so on (The ideal system consists of
all positives and no negatives)

Plato (429-347 B.C.) – A Greek

• The ideal system is a system that does not materially
philosopher and great
mathematicians. Thought a lot
exist, while its functions are achieved (ideal system is
about the natural world and how
it works. He believe that
no system)
everything had a sort of ideal
form. He and his disciples
advanced the understanding of
infinity
• In the absolute sense Ideality is impossible to achieve,
but in a relative sense ideality is achievable

functionality Fuseful
value = =
cost + harm Fharmful + Fcost

If a system is to operate in an ideal stage, then the system must have

at least 1 main useful function without any cost and harmfulness

∞
Infinity
1 useful function
value = = = ideality
0 cost + 0 harm

Final result: it has all the benefits and none of the costs and harmfulness

Transfer as many functions as

B possible to the working
component which produces the
system’s final action

Transfer some functions of the

C system to a supersystem or to the
outside environment

Utilize internal and external

D resources that already exist and
are available

© Inno Planet
What is resource?
• Every system has resources, some of which are fully used, some are
partially used and some may not be used at all

• Resources are things (including waste), information, energy or

properties of the materials that are already in or near the system

• Using resources, one can solve the problem and evolve towards the
ideal state – the inventor has to evaluate what all resources are
available in the system

• There may be resources in the system which are not yet identified - in
many cases, identification of unidentified resources solve a problem
very nicely

• Resource should be free or low cost and should be easily available

© Inno Planet
Types of resources
Substances Energy Time
All substances in All kinds of energies and All kinds of time
the system or in fields such as electrical, before, during and
the external electromagnetic, thermal after running of the
environment fields, etc in the system or system
in the external
environment

Functional Information Combined

All kinds of data on A combination of prime
All possible functions of
parameters of resources – a new
substance, fields, properties
substance, fields, resource could emerge
or object – can work as
change of properties or through specific resource
great resources
of object – typically combination
used for measuring,
detection and
separation

Normally we will find the following resources: conductor

insulator
• The wire itself
jacket
• Insulation around the wire
• The current in the wire
• Air around the wire
• … and so on

• In TRIZ, we includes the geometrical

aspects of the wire such as diameter,
circumference, surface area, surface
roughness, etc.
• The air as a resource is not just air, but
the oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
other gases in the air

How many more resources can you think of?

© Inno Planet
TRIZ Tool : Function Analysis
Content
• Engineering Systems
• Understanding function and functionality
• Elements of Function Analysis
– Component Analysis
– Interaction Analysis
– Function Model

Exercise
• Function Analysis Case Study

• Understanding Functions and

functionality at the most basic level is
fundamental to the successful
application of TRIZ

• Solutions change, but Functions stay

the same

• Knowledge classification by Function

allows ready access to other’s solutions

Component Interaction Function

Analysis Analysis Model

Identifies Identifies the Identifies and

Components interaction evaluates the
of the between the Functions
Engineering Components performed by
System and its the Components
Supersystem

© Inno Planet
Function Analysis
Function
Action - verb
Subject Object
Carrier of the Parameters are
Function changed/maintained
due to action
• Function Analysis is an analytical tool that identifies Functions, their
characteristics, and the cost of the System and the Supersystem
Components
• Subject and Object are both Components in, or interact with, the
Engineering System
• A Function is an action between a Subject and an Object, in which
the Subject acts upon and modifies or maintains a parameter of
the Object
• A parameter describes some inherent property of a Component
© Inno Planet
Function Analysis
Subject(Tool) Function Object

Hammer hit Nail

pull
Hammer Nail

Paper hold
Weight Money

© Inno Planet
Function Language
Function Models use simple language (which a
child can easily understand) to describe functions

hold
Table Book

hold
Table Dog

33
© Inno Planet
Function Language

Bristle remove Food

String remove Food

Stick remove Food

© Inno Planet
Avoid technical jargon
• Technical language is sometimes difficult for
people to mentally image & restrict potential
solutions
• Function language enables a bigger scope of
potential solutions

Technical language Function language

Etch Remove
Distill Separate
Encapsulate Include
Stream Deliver
Zip Reduce

• The Product is what the Engineering System was designed

to do or produce and the one that people pay for

• Most Engineering Systems contain only one Product

Subject Function Object

Engineering
Systems
Main Function Product

© Inno Planet
What is the Main Useful Function?
When analyzing an Engineering System, firstly, define or decide what the
system is designed to do, or to achieve. Understand its main useful function

What is the purpose of the chair?

Holds Person

What is the purpose of the car?

Moves Driver

© Inno Planet
Component Analysis
• To understand an Engineering System, we need to
analyze and identify the “interrelated and
interdependent” Components that are organized and
structured to deliver the main useful function of the
system

• The Components of the Engineering System contain

internal and external elements with which the object of
analysis interacts, or co-exists with

• These elements continually “interact” and influence one

another, directly or indirectly to maintain their activity
and the existence of the system

© Inno Planet
What is Component ?
• Component is an identifiable Object that make up a part
of an Engineering System
• Component can be Substances and/or Fields
– Substance is defined as an Object with rest mass (e.g.
table, book, hammer, nail)
– Field is defined as an Object without rest mass that
transfers an interaction between Substances (e.g.
magnetic field, electric field)
List of Components in and around the Engineering System

back rest frame

seat screws

Air Floor

Humidity Person

Lights Dust

© Inno Planet
Interaction Analysis
Interaction Analysis is an analytical tool that identifies and
understands the interaction between the components of the
Engineering System

Component Component

C1 C6
Interaction
C3 Interaction
C2
Interaction C7
Interaction
C5 C4
C8

© Inno Planet
Function Model
Function Model is an analysis of the interaction between components of
the Engineering System and Supersystem . It identifies the advantages
and disadvantages of the functions acting on each of the components.

Engineering System Supersystem

Component Component

C1 C6
Component
Interaction
C3
C2 Product
Interaction
Supersystem
C5 C4 Component
Component C7
Boundary of
Engineering System
© Inno Planet
What is Function Model ?
The main goal of Function Analysis is to identify specific
disadvantages of an Object - namely, harmful Functions as
well as useful Functions performed insufficiently, and those
that are performed excessively

Useful (Normal)
Subject Object

Useful (Insufficient)
Subject Object

Useful (Excessive)
Subject Object

Harmful
Subject Object

© Inno Planet
Definition of Interactions – Useful Functions
Useful Function is defined as the product that delivers the purpose or
functional requirement to its users as designed

1 Equal or Normal
If the actual parameter value equal
Example:
Interaction between Robotic
the required or designed value, the
arm and Plastic Bottle
related Function is defined as
NORMAL
Normal Useful Function:
Robotic arm holds Plastic
2 Insufficient
If the actual parameter value is less or
bottle
falls below the required or designed
Insufficient Useful Function:
value, the related Function is defined
Robotic arm drops Plastic
as INSUFFICIENT
bottle

3 Excessive
If the actual parameter value is more
Excessive Useful Function:
Robotic arm crushes
or falls above the required value, the
Plastic bottle
Function is defined as EXCESSIVE
© Inno Planet
Definition of Interactions – Harmful Functions
A harmful function is defined as a function that worsens the
parameters of the object of the function

4 Harmful Example:
If the actual parameter value Interaction between
generate damaging or Robotic arm and Plastic
undesirable effects on their Bottle
objects, the related Function is
defined as HARMFUL Harmful Function:
Robotic arm scratches
Plastic bottle
Harmful
Robotic Plastic
Arm Bottle Robotic arm stained
Plastic bottle with grease

Component Interaction Function

Analysis Analysis Model

Identifies Identifies the Identifies and

Components interaction evaluates the
of the between the Functions
Engineering Components performed by
System and its the Components
Supersystem

Exercise: Apply and perform Function Analysis on “chopsticks” system

• Step #1: Component Analysis
– Identify Components of Engineering System & Supersystem
• Step #2: Interaction Analysis
– Draw Components and their interactions
• Step #3: Function Model
– Indicate Function Types

1 Product

Food

2 System Components

Hand Chopstick

3 Supersystem Components

Air

hold hold Food

Hand Chopstick

Air

hold hold
Hand Chopstick Food

Content
• What is Structured Problem Solving?
• Understanding Step-by-Step Process
• Know the advantage of TRIZ to complement
Structured Problem Solving process

2 Current Situation

3 Identify Causes

4 Develop Solutions

5 Implement Solutions

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 1 – Define Problem
1 Define Problem Purpose
• Identify the problem and the
2 Current Situation importance of working on it

3 Identify Causes Output

• Establish a team
4 Develop Solutions • Develop Problem Statement

5 Implement Solutions Key questions

• Nature of problem?
6 Standardize Solutions • Symptoms quantified?
• Resources committed?
7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 2 - Current Situation
1 Define Problem
Purpose
2 Current Situation • Clarify the problem areas as
the situation exists today
3 Identify Causes
Output
4 Develop Solutions • Create a problem description

5 Implement Solutions

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 3 - Identify Causes
1 Define Problem
Purpose
• Identify and verify the root causes of
2 Current Situation
the problem
Output
3 Identify Causes • Isolate and verify the root cause of the
problem
4 Develop Solutions

5 Implement Solutions

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 4 - Develop Solutions
1 Define Problem
Purpose
2 Current Situation • Develop and test solutions to
eliminate the root cause
3 Output
Identify Causes
• Fix the problem at the root cause
level
4 Develop Solutions
• Generate no additional problems

5 Implement Solutions

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 5 - Implement Solutions
1 Define Problem
Purpose
2 Current Situation • Implement and validate
corrective actions
3 Identify Causes Output
• Implementation plan, risks and barriers
4 Develop Solutions identified
• Validate that corrective action is
5 Implement Solutions working

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 6 - Standardize Solutions
1 Define Problem
Purpose
2 Current Situation • Ensure that improvements are
sustained over time
3 Identify Causes
Output:
4 Develop Solutions • Solutions proliferated to similar
equipment and processes
5 Implement Solutions

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Step 7 - Next Steps
1 Define Problem Purpose
• Evaluate accomplishments and
2 Current Situation lessons learned

3 Identify Causes
Output:
4 Develop Solutions • Document post-mortem
• Update documentation
5 Implement Solutions • Publish report and findings

6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

© Inno Planet
Structured Problem Solving Process & TRIZ
SPS TRIZ
1 Define Problem • Function Analysis of product or process
• Ideality

2 Current Situation
• Cause and Effect Chain Analysis
• Problem Commonality Analysis
• Scientific Effects

3 Identify Causes
•
•
Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
Engineering Contradiction, Physical Contradiction
• Substance-Field Modeling, 76 Standard Inventive Solutions
• 40 Inventive Principles
4 Develop Solutions • Trends of Engineering System Evolution
• ARIZ (Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving)

5 Implement Solutions
TRIZ complements Structured
6 Standardize Solutions Problem Solving
7 Next Steps TRIZ is a “power” tool to add to
an innovator’s toolbox
© Inno Planet
The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle and ‘The Real World’

ACT PLAN
FIRE-
FIGHT PLAN

? DO
CHECK DO

The Ideal The Actuality

Facts:
•Average human brain is much happier in "solve" mode than it is in "define" mode
•Typical scenario involves obligatory 10 min thinking about problem, followed by 1
hour of enjoyable creative "solving", followed by a race to implement the solution
to see how good we were at solving it. Basically racing to the right answer to the
wrong problem
TRIZ encourages us to stay in "define" mode as long as possible through both
explicit and subtle means. Follow the process!

Content
• What is Cause-and-Effect Analysis?
• Types of Cause-and-Effect Analysis
• How to use Cause-and-Effect Analysis?

Exercise
• Cause-and-Effect Analysis Case Study

© Inno Planet
What is Cause & Effect Chain analysis?
• A cause-and-effect analysis generates hypotheses about
possible causes(reasons) and effects(results) of problems
• A Cause & Effect Chain (CEC) analysis diagram is a
structured way of expressing hypothesis about the causes of a
problem or about why something is not happening as desired
• It helps to focus attention on the process where a problem is
occurring and to allow for constructive use of facts to narrow
down on the actual causes
• It cannot replace empirical testing of these hypotheses, it
does not tell which is the root cause, but rather the
possibilities

© Inno Planet
How to use Cause & Effect Chain analysis?
Step Process
Step 1 Agree on the problem and write it in the effect box
Brainstorm about likely causes and then sort them into major
Step 2 categories or branches depending on the method chosen

Continue to brainstorm and generate a list of causes and fill them in

Step 3 the appropriate categories or branches

Keep asking "Why?" and "Why else?" for each cause until a potential
Step 4 root cause has been identified

Use team’s best collective judgment to choose several areas they feel are
Step 5 most likely causes and eliminate the unlikely causes

Use the reduced list of likely causes to develop respective hypothesis to

Step 6 prove the group’s theory

Validate hypothesis to confirm the likely root cause, and proceed to

Step 7 implement the solution
Go back and choose other causes for testing if the initial selection is incorrect

© Inno Planet
Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
Normal wear
Filament
wearout Why?
Filament Manufacturing
Power is Out Why?
broken issue
Mechanical
Why?
Why? Shock
Light bulb no Socket Poor current
longer works cracked protection in
There is no light circuit
Current Spike
when switch is
turned on Switch is Power spike
Others?
broken from grid
Others?

Others?
= tested this possibility, not a cause

• Continue until the “why” cannot be answered. You will reach the cause that
is a fundamental law of physics or chemistry, or technology limit
• The end of the chain is a potential actual root cause

Content
• What is Trimming?
• Understand Trimming Rules
• How to use Trimming?

Exercise
• Trimming Case Study

© Inno Planet
What is Trimming?
• Trimming is a method of eliminating Components from
an Engineering System to reduce or eliminate the
disadvantages of those trimmed Components
• Trimming is used to increase the efficiency and reduce
the cost of the Engineering System

© Inno Planet
Trimming Rules
RULE A
The Function is not needed
any more because the
Object of the Function no
longer exists

RULE B

The Object being worked

by the Function performs
the Function itself

RULE C
The Function is transferred to
another Component in the
System or Supersystem

© Inno Planet
Trimming Factor – Product Diagnostic Analysis
Function2
Trimming factor (T) =
(Problem + Cost)
Function
Rank
High Functionality High Functionality
Low Problems and Costs High Problems and Costs

Low Functionality Low Functionality

Low Problems and Costs High Problems and Costs

Problem + Cost Rank

A more ideal system is one that is less
costly and has fewer components
© Inno Planet
Exercise - Trimming Case Study #1
1 How do you trim a toothbrush?
Step 1: Do a component analysis - what are the components of the system?
Step 2: Understand the interaction - what is the main useful function?
Step 3: Build a function model – which part can be trimmed?

2 Which trimming rules did you apply?

Rule A: You don’t need the function anymore
Rule B: The object performs the function itself
Rule C: Some other components does the function

3 What does it look like?

© Inno Planet
Exercise - Trimming Case Study #2
1 How do you trim a skipping rope?
Step 1: Do a component analysis - what are the components of the system?
Step 2: Understand the interaction - what is the main useful function?
Step 3: Build a function model – which part can be trimmed?

2 Which trimming rules did you apply?

Rule A: You don’t need the function anymore
Rule B: The object performs the function itself
Rule C: Some other components does the function

3 What does it look like?

Content
• What is Engineering Contradiction?
• What are System Parameters?
• What are Inventive Principles?
• How to use Contradiction Matrix?

Exercise
• Inventive Principle Case Study

© Inno Planet
What is a Contradiction?
An improvement in one characteristic of a system results
in the degradation of another characteristic

“As one characteristic gets better another characteristic gets worse”

• If I add heat, then productivity goes up, but it consumes

more energy
• If I make the lift larger, then it is better to carry more
loads, but it adds more weight
• If I increase the power of the car, then the speed will be
improved, but the fuel consumption will go up
Traditionally the problem is addressed by compromise,
sacrifice or trade-off
© Inno Planet
What is an Engineering Contradiction?
• An Engineering Contradiction is a situation in which an
attempt to improve one parameter of a system leads to
the worsening (impairment) of another parameter
• It can be reflected in a positive and negative interaction
between two or more components

Action 1

Subject Action 3 Object

Action 4

Action 2
Action 5

Component

© Inno Planet
Resolving Engineering Contradictions
• Identifying, understanding and resolving Engineering Contradictions within
a system is a powerful way to improve the system
• It is possible to eliminate the Engineering Contradictions rather than
looking for trade offs
• Use "If ... (manipulative variable changes) ... then ... (responding variable
#1 improves) ..., but ... (responding variable #2 worsens) ..."
Improving parameter Strength of Table
Contradiction
Worsening parameter Weight of Table
Diameter of
table legs
Improving parameter Weight of Table
Contradiction
Worsening parameter Strength of Table

If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the table can
carry a heavier load, but the table becomes heavier
If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the strength of the
table improves, but the weight of the table gets worse
© Inno Planet
Hypothesis Development
• Contradictions: Use "If ... (manipulative variable changes) ... then ...
(responding variable #1 improves) ..., but ... (responding variable #2
worsens) ..."
If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the strength of
the table improves, but the weight of the table worsens

• Hypothesis:
• Use "If ... (manipulative variable changes) ... then ... (responding
variable #1 improves)
If we increase the diameter of the table legs, then the strength
of the table improves

• OR "If ... (manipulative variable changes) ... then ... (responding

variable #2 worsens)"
If we reduce the diameter of the table legs, then the strength of
the table worsens
• Validate that the hypothesis is true to identify actual root cause
© Inno Planet
Contradiction Matrix
• The Inventive Principles are simple ways to resolve Engineering
Contradictions – the application of the principles does not require any
special knowledge. Adults as well as children can use them easily
• There are two methods to apply the Inventive Principles
Method 1 Method 2
Utilize the Contradiction Matrix in order to get a set of Familiarize with all 40 Inventive
recommended Inventive Principles to solve the Principles and apply each or a
Engineering Contradiction. If no good solution, look at
remaining 40 Inventive Principles
combination to solve the Engineering
Contradiction

• The Contradiction Matrix was designed to formalize and facilitate the

usage of the Inventive Principles – it was one of the first outcomes of
the work of Altshuller and his colleagues
• He abstracted and classified the Inventive Principles and also
identified System Parameters that can describe all the different
solved contradictions
• The System Parameters laid out in 39 x 39 matrix where the x-axis is
the parameter that worsens, while the y-axis is the parameter that
improves in the contradiction
© Inno Planet
Contradiction Matrix
39 Worsening Parameters

39 Improving Parameters

© Inno Planet
What is parameter?
• Parameter is defined as any
Yes, I’m from Egypt
factor that defines a system … how did you
guess?
and determines (or limits) its
performance

• Parameter typically describes

the characteristics of a system

• A parameter is a “property or
attribute” given to describe a
function of a system – it takes
the point of view of the
function rather than the
components

1. Weight of Moving Object 21. Power

2. Weight of Stationary Object 22. Loss of Energy
3. Length (or Angle) of Moving Object 23. Loss of Substance
4. Length (or Angle) of Stationary Object 24. Loss of Information
5. Area of Moving Object 25. Loss of Time
6. Area of Stationary Object 26. Quantity of Substance
7. Volume of Moving Object 27. Reliability (Robustness)
8. Volume of Stationary Object 28. Measurement Accuracy
9. Speed 29. Manufacturing Precision (Consistency)
10. Force (a.ka. Torque) 30. Object Affected Harmful Factors
11. Pressure or Stress 31. Object Generated Harmful Factors
12. Shape 32. Ease of Manufacture (Manufacturability)
13. Stability of the Object’s Composition 33. Ease of Operation
14. Strength 34. Ease of Repair (Repairability)
15. Duration of Action of Moving Object 35. Adaptability or Versatility
16. Duration of Action of Stationary Object 36. Device Complexity
17. Temperature 37. Difficulty of Detecting and Measuring
18. Illumination Intensity 38. Extent of Automation
19. Use of Energy by Moving Object 39. Productivity
20. Use of Energy by Stationary Object

• The mass of or gravitational force exerted by a moving object

• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of
relative motion between two or more components related to the
problem
• The movement may be linear or rotational from a few microns or
a considerable distance

Equivalent meanings: burden, bulk, load, lightness

© Inno Planet
Parameter #2: Weight of Stationary Object
• The mass of or gravitational force exerted by a stationary object
• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Equivalent meanings: burden, bulk, load, lightness

© Inno Planet
Parameter #3: Length (or Angle) of Moving Object
• Any linear or angular dimension relating to a moving object
• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem
• The movement may be linear or rotational from a few microns or a
considerable distance

Equivalent meanings: width, height, depth, distance, range, span

• Any linear or angular dimension relating to a stationary object

• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Equivalent meanings: width, height, depth, distance, range, span

© Inno Planet
Parameter #5: Area of Moving Object
• Any dimension related to surface or surface area
• It may be internal or external surface area and may include contact
area as well as actual surface area
• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem
• The movement may be linear or rotational from a few microns or a
considerable amounts

Equivalent meanings: region, space, zone, point of contact

• Any dimension related to surface or surface area

• It may be internal or external surface area and may include contact
area as well as actual surface area
• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Equivalent meanings: region, space, zone, point of contact

© Inno Planet
Parameter #7: Volume of Moving Object
• Any dimension related to the cubic measure of space occupied by
an object or the space around it
• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem
• The relative motion may be a few microns or a considerable
distance

Waterfall Oil spill

Equivalent meanings: capacity, space, room, size, bulk, compactness

• Any dimension related to the cubic measure of space occupied by

an object or the space around it
• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Equivalent meanings: capacity, space, room, size, bulk, compactness

• The velocity of an object or the rate of any kind of process or action

• The speed may be relative or absolute
• It may be linear or rotational

Equivalent meanings: pace, haste, race, rush, rapidity, acceleration,

slowness, tardiness

© Inno Planet
Parameter #10: Force (a.k.a. Torque)
• Any interaction that is intended to change an object’s condition
• It may be linear or rotational
• The term applies equally well to torque (a force that rotate an
object about an axis)

Equivalent meanings: action, reaction, push, pull, twist, load, inertia,

acceleration, momentum, change of momentum, intensity, lift, drag,
thrust, moment, friction

© Inno Planet
Parameter #11: Pressure/Stress
• Force exercised on a unit area
• Stress is the effect of forces on an object
• Stress can be tensile or compressive, static or dynamic
• Parameter also includes strain

Equivalent meanings: compression, tension, creep, fatigue, elasticity,

plasticity, stiffness, vacuum

• The internal and external contour of profile of a system or component

as required for ergonomic and function

Equivalent meanings: pattern, profile, silhouette, form, outline, geometry,

curvature, line

© Inno Planet
Parameter #13: Stability of the Object’s Composition
• The integrity of a system as referring to the relationship of a system’s
components
• It can be applied at system (component level) and subsystem level
(atomic level)
• Decomposition, dissociation and increasing entropy should all be
interpreted as issues concerning “stability”

Equivalent meanings: inertness, deformation, droop, tipping, distortion,

oxidation, rusting, homogeneity, consistency, delamination
© Inno Planet
Parameter #14: Strength
• The extent to which an object is able to resist changing in response to
force
• Resistance in breaking – can be elastic limit, plastic limit, or the object’s
ultimate strength
• The parameter can be tensile or compressive, linear or rotational and
includes toughness and hardness

Equivalent meanings: fatigue, creep, bond, join, muscle, droop, distortion,

stillness, rigidity
© Inno Planet
Parameter #15: Duration of Action of Moving Object
• The time taken by an object or system to perform an action
• The duration may take a few milliseconds or over several years
• This is different from reliability which is the duration to failure of a system
• This parameter is specific to only the duration of an action
• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem
• The movement may be linear or rotational from a few microns or a
considerable distance

Equivalent meanings: rate, period, frequency, mode, interval, phase, count,

time span, delay
© Inno Planet
Parameter #16: Duration of Action of Stationary Object

• The time taken by an object or system to perform an action

• The duration may take a few milliseconds or over several years
• This is different from reliability which is the duration to failure of a system
• This parameter is specific to only the duration of an action
• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Equivalent meanings: rate, period, frequency, mode, interval, phase,

count, time span, delay
© Inno Planet
Parameter #17: Temperature
• This parameter is the measured thermal condition of an object or
system
• It includes parameter such as heat capacity, conductivity, radiation
and convection

Equivalent meanings: conduction, convection, radiation, insulation,

freezing, melting point, boiling point, heating, warmth, cooling,
overheating

© Inno Planet
Parameter #18: Illumination Intensity
• This parameter is the measure of light flux per unit area
• It is related to characteristics of a system such as color,
brightness, light quality, etc
• The parameter applies to both the brightness of a light source
and illumination of an object

Equivalent meanings: color, visibility, emissivity, camouflage,

transmission, absorption, reflection, reflectivity, frequency, shade,
tone, luster, matt, shiny, surface finish
© Inno Planet
Parameter #19: Use of Energy by Moving Object
• This parameter is the measure of an object’s capacity for doing work
• It focuses on the actual amount of energy
• Moving includes any situations where there is any degree of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem
• The movement may be linear or rotational from a few microns or a
considerable amount

Kinetic & potential energy Solar & heat energy Making fire

Equivalent meanings: fuel burn, consumption, heat-input, heating,

cooling, calories, current
© Inno Planet
Parameter #20: Use of Energy by Stationary Object
• This parameter is the measure of an object’s capacity for doing work
• It focuses on the actual amount of energy
• Stationary includes any situations where there is no form of relative
motion between two or more components related to the problem

Energy used while sleeping Potential Energy High calorie-energy food

Equivalent meanings: fuel burn, consumption, heat-input, heating,

cooling, calories, current

• This parameter is the measure of rate of which work is performed.

• It is the rate of use of energy or the rate of energy output

Equivalent meanings: wattage, current, impulse, peak, steady, horse-

power, action intensify

• This parameter is the measure of loss or wastage of energy that does

not contribute to any of the useful information being performed
• Inefficiency that can be partial or complete, or permanent or
temporary

Energy loss in the home Electric energy loss Pendulum slows down

Equivalent meanings: Friction, stiction, dissipation, turbulence, wake,

interference, damping

© Inno Planet
Parameter #23: Loss of Substance
• This parameter is the measure of loss or wastage of a system
or its surroundings such as substances, materials, subsystems,
products, fields, etc.
• It can be partial or complete, or permanent or temporary

Water leakage Shoes wear and tear Worn out tire

Equivalent meanings: leak, wear, waste, abrasion, seal, absorption,

desorption, deposition
© Inno Planet
Parameter #24: Loss of Information
• This parameter is the measure of loss or waste of data associated
with any of the 5 senses – sight/visual, hearing/auditory,
touch/kinesthetic, smell/olfactory or taste/gustofactory
• It can be partial or complete, or permanent or temporary
• It can also mean the amount of quantity or number of a system’s
resources

Hard disk crash Television interruption Phone network failure

Equivalent meanings: misunderstanding, interference, distortion, filter,

corruption, knowledge, data, memory, properties, message, capacity
© Inno Planet
Parameter #25: Loss of Time
• This parameter is the measure of time inefficiencies for example
waiting periods, slack time, etc
• It can be partial or complete, or permanent or temporary

Tortoise and Hare race Being unproductive Footballer delaying time

Equivalent meanings: delay, duplication of effort, time lost on redundant,

unnecessary activities

• This parameter is the measure of amount, quantity or number of a

system’s materials, substances, parts, fields or subsystems
• Substance is used in its most generic form in the TRIZ context to
include any physical or temporal thing

Quality of Gold Clean and dirty water Real vs imitation quality

Equivalent meanings: body, matter, stuff, density, particle count, flesh

© Inno Planet
Parameter #27: Reliability
• This parameter is the measure of a system’s ability to perform its intended
functions in predictable ways and conditions
• It also includes durability and issues related to the performance and
degradation in performance of an object or system over prolonged periods

Life Jacket Parachute Fire extinguisher

Equivalent meanings: life-cycle, life, in-service, mean-time-between-failures,

mean-time between overhaul, integrity, maintenance, failure rate, durability

© Inno Planet
Parameter #28: Measurement accuracy
• This parameter is the degree of precision or accuracy.
• The closeness of a measured value to an actual value of a property
of a system
• It can also be measurement error

High precision injection – Precision tweeter Using digital microscopy for

petrol direct injection system accurate measurement

Equivalent meanings: tolerance, error, repeatability, consistency,

standard deviation

• This parameter is the degree to which the actual characteristics of

a system or object match in specified or required characteristics
• It is the accuracy of the system

Car production Bottle Filling Pattern - repeatability

Consistent Delivery, High Reproducibility

Equivalent meanings: tolerance, repeatability, standard deviation,

sigma level, quality assurance, accuracy

• This parameter is designed as a catch-all for any form of action or

phenomenon in or around a system that manifests itself as a harmful
effect on something in the system

Wall Peeling

Equivalent meanings: undesired effect, contamination, adhesion, sticking,

weather damage, sun damage, UV damage, warpage, dust ingestion,
mold impact

© Inno Planet
Parameter #31: Object generated harmful factor
• This parameter is designed as a catch-all for any form of inefficiency
internal to or around a system that manifests itself as a harmful
effect on something in the system
• It can also mean any form of pollutant or environmental emission
generated by a system or object
• This is a derivative of the “loss of substance” (principle #23) definition
but the focus in this principle is on “harmful emissions”
• This aspect is on the production of chemicals that were not one of the
original substances contained within the system

Equivalent meanings: contamination, infection, abrasion, taste, mouth-feel, hand-

feel, EMI, RFI, side-effect – CO2, NO2, NO, SO2, O3, CFC, odor)
© Inno Planet
Parameter #32: Ease of manufacturability

• This parameter is related to manufacturing, fabrication, assembly

issues associated with an object or system
• It can be a measure of ease of manufacturability

Equivalent meanings: design for manufacturability, design for assembly,

tool change, convenience of manufacture, machine-setting time, tool-
change

© Inno Planet
Parameter #33: Ease of operation
• This parameter is the extent to which a user is able to learn how to
operate or control a system or object
• It can relate to the convenience of use

Equivalent meanings: training, education, usability, learning-curve,

familiarization-time, ease of use, ease of transport, movability

© Inno Planet
Parameter #34: Ease of repair
• This parameter is the quality characteristics such as convenience,
comfort, simplicity and time to repair faults, failures or defects of a
system
• It includes issues associated with need for special tooling or
equipment required to achieve repair

Steam vacuum

Equivalent meanings: maintenance, accessibility, recoverability,

removability, cleanability, replaceability., modularity, interchangability,
convenience of repair

© Inno Planet
Parameter #35: Adaptability/Versatility
• This parameter is the extent to which a system or object is able to
respond to external changes.
• It relates to a system capable of being used in multiple ways or
under a variety of circumstances
• It can be flexibility of operation, or customizability

Equivalent meanings: switching, modulation, variation, compliance,

rigidity, tolerance, universality, trainability

© Inno Planet
Parameter #36: Device Complexity
• This parameter is the number and diversity of elements and element
inter-relationships within and across the boundaries of a system
• The user of the system may be considered an element if the system
increase the complexity
• It can be number of functions, number of interfaces, or number of
connections, or excessive number of components
• The complexity of the control element of a system whether it is
physical components or algorithms that the system contains
Rotating building

Structural
complexity

Equivalent meanings: part count, interfaces, device complexity, object

complexity, proportion, differential,
© Inno Planet
Parameter #37: Difficulty of Detecting and Measuring
• This parameter is the difficulty to make measurements on an
object or system
• It can be complex, time consuming and labor consuming inspection
or analysis operations
• It increases the cost of measuring to a satisfactory quality level
• It includes ease of inspection

Equivalent meanings: Accessibility, visibility, location, integrity, ability

to find right parameter to measure

• This parameter is the ability of a system or object to perform its

functions without human interface or intervention
• It can be level or extent of automation

Equivalent meanings: robot, man out of the loop, deskilling, repeatability

© Inno Planet
Parameter #39: Productivity
• This parameter is the number of useful (value-adding) functions or
operations performed by a system per unit time.
• It can be the time per unit function or operation, useful output per
unit of time, cost per unit output, or amount of useful output

Output
Input

Equivalent meanings: output, value, throughput, bottlenecks

© Inno Planet
What is an inventive principle?
• Is a basic generalized rule that is accepted as facts, works
in exactly the same way consistently and usually followed
as a basis of reasoning or explanation of the invention

Telephone Television Car

Altshuller screened 200,000 patents in order to find out what kind of

contradictions were resolved by each invention and the way it was
achieved. He synthesized down to 40,000 innovative patents (i.e. patents
which had contradictions) and from this, he developed a set of 40 Inventive
Principles. Let’s review the 40 Inventive Principles …

1. Segmentation 21. Skipping/Hurrying

2. Taking Out or Extraction 22. Blessing in Disguise
3. Local Quality 23. Feedback
4. Asymmetry 24. Intermediary
5. Merging or Combination 25. Self-service
6. Universality 26. Copying
7. Nested Doll 27. Cheap/Short Living
8. Anti-weight or Counter weight 28. Mechanics substitution/Another sense
9. Preliminary anti action/Prior counter action 29. Pneumatics and hydraulics/Fluidity
10. Preliminary action/Prior action 30. Flexible shells and thin films/Thin & flexible
11. Beforehand cushioning/Prior Cushioning 31. Porous Materials/Holes
12. Equipotentiality/Remove tension 32. Color changes
13. The other way around 33. Homogeneity
14. Spheroidality-Curvature 34. Discarding and recovering
15. Dynamics 35. Parameter changes
16. Partial or excessive actions 36. Phase transitions
17. Another dimension 37. Thermal expansion/Relative change
18. Mechanical vibration 38. Strong oxidants/Enriched Atmosphere
19. Periodic action 39. Inert Atmosphere/Calmed Atmosphere
20. Continuity of useful action 40. Composite materials/Composite structure

© Inno Planet
Principle #1: Segmentation
a. Divide an object into independent parts
b. Make an object sectional – for easy assembly and disassembly
c. Increase the degree of an object’s segmentation or fragmentation
d. Transition to micro-level

Furniture Camping Tent Many roller conveyor system

Lego blocks 3D Puzzle

© Inno Planet
Principle #2: Taking Out
a. Separate an interfering part or property from an object
b. Extract the only necessary part or property of an object

Tooth Extraction Aircon compressor unit Medical ampoules

Deep sea diving with oxygen supply via pressure oxygen tube

© Inno Planet
Principle #3: Local quality
a. Change an object’s structure from uniform to non-uniform
b. Change an external environment or external influence from uniform to
non-uniform
c. Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for the
operation
d. Make each part of an object fulfill a different and useful function

Pencil with Hammer with claw Thumb Drive with MP3 USB/MP3/Watch
eraser player

© Inno Planet
Principle #4: Asymmetry
a. Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical
b. If an object is already asymmetrical, increase its degree of symmetrical

Chair Design Hair Style

Fashion Face

© Inno Planet
Principle #5: Merging
a. Bringing closer together identical or similar objects
b. Assemble identical or similar objects to perform parallel operations
c. Make operations contiguous or parallel – bring them together in time

Combined toilet Remove partitions and combined Many rowers in a boat working
to make a larger room together to move the boat faster

A triple hull ship reduce the interference of Millions of transistors fabricated

waves between hulls reduce rocking together to form a microprocessor
© Inno Planet
Principle #6: Universality
a. Make a part or an object perform multiple functions –
eliminate the need for other parts
b. Use standardized features

Child car safety seat Camper van with beds, kitchen, sofa Smart phones with PDA,
converts into a stroller GPS, camera, Wi-Fi
or carry-on basket

Toilet with a heated seat, Photocopier with printer,

auto water jet scanner and fax
© Inno Planet
Principle #7: Nested doll
a. Place one object inside another, place each object, in turn, inside
the other
b. Make one part pass through a cavity in the other

Matrioshka Dolls Stacking cups

Tripod stand Luggage bags Antenna of a car which can

be retracted or extended
© Inno Planet
Principle #8: Anti-weight
a. To compensate for the weight of an object, combine it with another
object that provides a lifting force
b. To compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the
environment

Helium balloon for advertising Helium balloons helps to Plane wings – aerodynamic
temporarily suspend a
cable over the river

© Inno Planet
Principle #9: Prior counter-action
a. If it will be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful
effects, this action should be replaced with anti-actions to control the
harmful effects
b. Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known
undesirable working stresses later on

Sleeping pills can pose a risk of overdose.

Introduce a vomit inducing ingredient into
the sleeping pills. If the vomit inducing
ingredient exceed a certain threshold, it
trigger the body to react by vomiting. This is
to prevent overdose.

a. Perform the required change to an object before it is needed

b. Pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action
from the most convenient place and without losing time for
their delivery

Volleyball spikers indicate next Meat prepared and Pre-packed food

attack plan by using hand signals marinated before it is
to communicate ahead with setter barbequed or cooked

© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #1
Instructions:
Draw a line to match the pictures and the principles adopted

Segmentation
Taking out
Local quality
Asymmetry
Merging
Universality
Nested doll
Anti weight
Preliminary anti-action
Preliminary action

© Inno Planet
Principle #11: Beforehand cushioning
a. Prepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for
the relatively low reliability of an object

Back-up parachute Airbags in car F1 car race use old tires to

prevent accidents

Running shoes A magnetic plate is inserted into products

to prevent shoplifting
© Inno Planet
Principle #12: Equipotentiality
a. In a potential field, limit position changes – change operating conditions
to eliminate the need to raise or lower objects in a gravity field

Panama Canal is a major shipping canal which connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Since the water
levels of the ocean and lake are different, water elevators are used to raise and lower ships from ocean to
lake and vice versa to achieve equipotentiality, as they cross the Panama Canal

Hydraulic Stylist Chair that Massage chair that can be Garbage truck does not need to lift
can be raise or lower with changed by electronic the load, it is lifted by a hydraulic
tap of foot control cylinder then slid inside the truck
© Inno Planet
Principle #13: The other way around

a. Invert the action used to solve the problem

b. Make moveable parts fixed and fixed parts moveable
c. Turn the object or process upside down

Change the magnetic crane for A swimming training pool with Lace a snow boot from the back
moving cars in a scrap yard from pump installed to move the water instead of the front
electromagnet to permanent instead of the swimmer
magnet. Use electric power only
when releasing the car by
activating a counter
electromagnet. Cars are supported
even during sudden power outage

© Inno Planet
Principle #14: Curvature
a. Instead of using linear parts, surfaces or forms, adopt a curve ones
b. Move from flat surfaces to spherical ones
c. Change from parts shaped as cube (parallelepiped) to ball shaped
structures
d. Use rollers, balls, spirals or domes
e. Go from linear to rotary motion – use centrifugal forces

Tiny metal ball rotates at Deodorant Change semiconductor Increase the curvature
the end of the pen tip – act dispenser packaging technology of sunglasses to improve
as cap, enable control flow from rectilinear leads the protection
of ink and avoid clogging and pins to spherical
balls

© Inno Planet
Principle #15: Dynamization
a. Allow for the characteristics of an object, external environment, or
process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operating
condition
b. If an object is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive
c. Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other

Expandable Table Bicycle Chain Flexible vehicle for rough

terrain

© Inno Planet
Principle #16: Partial or excessive action
a. If 100% of an object is hard to achieve using a given solution method
then, by using “slightly less” or “slightly more” of the same method –
the problem may be considerably easier to solve

Using large concrete hammer Big wheel truck for better In screen printing, excessive
to break floor control, better ride and ink is applied on stencil and
better protection of driver a squegee is used to wipe off
the excess ink

© Inno Planet
Principle #17: Another dimension
a. Move an object in two or three dimensional space
b. Use a multi-storey arrangement of objects instead of a single
storey arrangement
c. Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side
d. Use “another side” or opposite side of a given area

Multi parking system Compact Disc changer with Multi layer stacked die or
leveraging height dimension many stacked CD’s stacked package in
to increase capacity semiconductor packaging

© Inno Planet
Principle #18: Mechanical vibration
• Cause an object to vibrate or oscillate
• Increase its frequency even up to the ultrasonic
• Use an object’s resonant frequency
• Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones
• Use combined ultrasonic and electromagnetic field oscillation

Break
gallstones into
smaller pieces

Ultrasonic cleaning Microwave oven Ultrasonic resonance

© Inno Planet
Principle #19: Periodic Action
• Instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions
• If an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or
frequency
• Use pauses between impulses to perform a different or additional
action

Pulsating water jet is used to Pulsed sprinkler system – reduce Smoke signal – ring of smoke is
break concrete damage to crops clearer and travel higher

© Inno Planet
Principle #20: Continuity of useful action
• Carry on work continuously - make all parts of an object work at full
load, all the time
• Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work
• Replace “back and forth” motion with a rotating movement

An instrument that Operate shop or manufacturing Print during the return of a

consistently measure facility at 24 hours a day, 7 days printer carriage in dot matrix
intervals of time a week to maximize tool usage and inkjet printers
© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #2
Instructions:
Draw a line to match the pictures and the principles adopted

Velodrome
Beforehand cushioning
Equipotentiality
Computer
The other way around keyboard

Curvature
Dynamization
Partial or excessive action
Another dimension
Mechanical vibration
Periodic action
Continuity of useful action
Food dispenser

To avoid heating the gum tissues, use a high speed

dentist’s drill

© Inno Planet
Principle #22: Blessing in disguise
a. Utilize harmful factors – especially environmental to obtain a positive effect
b. Remove one harmful factor by combining it with another harmful factor
c. Increase the degree of harmful action to such an extent that it ceases to be
harmful

When the base liquid is pumped Before demolishing an old Removal of red birth marks
through a pipe, it will deposit sediment building, dig a trench around it. is accomplished by injecting
on the inside surface of the pipe. When During the demolish/blasting, a compensating green
acid is pumped through the pipe, it the shock wave reaches the pigment under the skin
corrodes the inner surface of the pipe. trench , reflects back and
Pump acid and base liquid neutralizes the main shock
alternatively through the same pipe wave

Fuel Gauge Feedback Form Thermometer

Speedometer The Float Valve used to regulate the filling

of a toilet tank or cistern.
© Inno Planet
Principle #24: Mediator
a. Use an intermediary object to transfer or carry-out an action
b. Temporarily connect the original object to one that is easily removed

Correction paper in
solution or tape form

© Inno Planet
Principle #25: Self service
a. An object must service itself and carry out supplementary and
repair operations
b. Make use of waste material and energy

Air pressure in the tanks of an aqualung is 200 psi. Before the air reaches
the lungs of the diver, the pressure must be reduced to 3-4 psi. This can be
accomplished by passing the compressed air through a device that drives a
flexible propulsion fin on the back of the diver. Travel distance underwater
was increased by 7 times

© Inno Planet
Principle #26: Copying
a. A simplified and inexpensive copy should be used in place of a
fragile original or an object that is inconvenient to operate
b. If a visible optical copy is used, replace it with an infrared or
ultraviolet copy
c. Replace an object (or system of objects) with their optical image.
The image can be reduced or enlarged

Flight simulation Animated backdrop The doctor can see a patient as a

3D image by using a stereoscope

© Inno Planet
Principle #27: Cheap short living objects
a. Replace an expensive object with a cheap one, compromising other
properties (ie. Longevity)

Disposable cup Disposable shaver Disposable diaper

© Inno Planet
Principle #28: Mechanical Substitution
a. Replace a mechanical system with an optical, acoustical, thermal or
olfactory system
b. Use an electric, magnetic or electromagnetic field to interact with an
object
c. Replace fields that are stationary with mobile, fixed with changing in
time and random with structured
d. Use fields in conjunction with ferromagnetic particles

Control of polishing process is done through

a speaker. A different sound from the
Olfactory (sense of smell) method speaker indicates the end of the process Micro-movement of an
to determine when a tooth of a object under a microscope is
boring tool is broken – odorous done with a metal rod and
substance an electric heating element
© Inno Planet
Principle #29: Pneumatic & Hydraulic
a. Replace a solid parts of an object with a gas or a liquid. These parts can now
use air or water for inflation, or use pneumatic or hydrostatic cushions

Pipe Organ Car brake Air brake

© Inno Planet
Principle #30: Flexible shells and thin films
a. Replace customary constructions with flexible membranes or thin film
b. Isolate an object from its outside environment with flexible
membranes or thin films

Plastic food wrapper

A mirror with adjustable focus is A light bulb covered with

made out of thin, flexible film. a thin rubber film can
When air is pumped inside of the withstand high impact –
enclosure, it changes the shatter proof
curvature of the mirror
© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #3
Instructions:
Draw a line to match the pictures and the principles adopted

Nail gun Mouse trap

Rushing through/Skipping
Blessing in disguise
Feedback
Intermediary
Self service
Copying
Cheap short-living objects
Mechanics substitution Waterproofing

Pneumatics/Hydraulics
Flexible shells & thin films

© Inno Planet
Principle #31: Porous Material
a. Make an object porous, or use supplementary porous element
(inserts, covers, etc)
b. If an object is already porous, fill pores in advance with some
substance

Since a solid brick is heavy, introduce holes in the In a hydraulic system, oil is pumped
brick to reduce weight while still maintaining its through a porous plate that works
strength as a control valve

© Inno Planet
Principle #32: Color change
a. Change the color of an object or its environment
b. Change the degree of translucency of an object or its environment
c. Use color additives to observe an object, or process, which is difficult
to see
d. If such additives are already used, employ luminescent traces or
trace atoms

Baby feeding spoon – Ziplock bag – tight seal A bandage is made out of
change color depending transparent material for better
on temperature observation of the wound

© Inno Planet
Principle #33: Homogeneity
a. Objects interacting with the main object should be made out of
the same material (or material with similar properties) as the
main object

Make a diamond cutting tool Use sand blasting to create an Glass cutter make out of
out of diamond imprint on glass since both diamond
materials are made of silicon

© Inno Planet
Principle #34: Discarding and recovering
a. After completing its function, or becoming useless, an element of
an object is rejected (discarded, dissolved, evaporated, etc.) or
modified during its work process
b. Used up parts of an object should be restored during its work

Environmentally safe, Biodegradable plastic bags Dissolving capsules for medicine

biodegradable bottles

© Inno Planet
Principle #35: Parameter changes
a. Change an object’s physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid or solid)
b. Change the concentration or consistency
c. Change the degree of flexibility
d. Change the temperature
e. Change the pressure

Use refrigerator to lower the temperature Pressurize nitrogen gas into

of food liquid for reduce volume
while stored and
transported in tanks
© Inno Planet
Principle #36: Phase transitions
a. Use phenomena occurring during phase transitions (e.g.
volume changes, loss or absorption of heat)

Solid, liquid, gas e.g.

dry ice from solid state
to gaseous state

Refrigerator system uses concept of excess heat removal Dry ice blasting uses a pressurized air
through heat of vaporization and condensation stream

© Inno Planet
Principle #37: Thermal expansion
a. Use thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials
b. If thermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials
with different coefficients of thermal expansion

Bimetallic strip sensor Thermostat Circuit breaker

© Inno Planet
Principle #38: Strong oxidants
a. Replace common air with oxygen enriched air
b. Replace enriched air with pure oxygen
c. Expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation
d. Use ionized oxygen
e. Replace ozonized (or ionized) oxygen with ozone

Use air ionizers to create a mixture of charged Use oxyacetylene torch for cutting at very
positive and negative air particles to reduce high temperature
electrostatic charging

© Inno Planet
Principle #39: Inert Atmosphere
a. Replace a normal environment with an inert one
b. Add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object

Nitrogen gas is used to fill up Detergent or medicine has very little active material
Formula 1 car tires to prevent lost of and this is difficult to weigh or measure. Inert substances
pressure during race. Nitrogen is an are added to detergent or medicine to provide bulk and
inert gas. Temperature have less make it easier to weight or measure
effect on pressure.

Most modern tennis racquet, golf club and bicycle shafts are made of either steel or a carbon-fiber
and resin composite. Carbon fiber which is a composite material has the advantage of being lighter
than steel.

© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #4
Instructions:
Draw a line to match the pictures and the principles adopted

Porous materials
Color changes
Homogeneity
Discarding & recovering
Parameter changes
Phase transitions
Thermal expansion
Strong oxidants
Inert atmosphere
Composite materials Bridge joint

© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #5
Instructions:
Write the correct inventive principle adopted to solve the contradiction
shown in each picture

© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #6
Instructions:
Write the correct inventive principle adopted to solve the contradiction
shown in each picture

© Inno Planet
Inventive Principles – Exercise #7
Instructions:
Write the correct inventive principle adopted to solve the contradiction
shown in each picture

© Inno Planet
Importance of Combining Inventive Principles
4 Principles (2%) Average Number of
3 Principles Inventive Principles
(18%) Used In Invention
2.3

1 Principle 2
(37%) 1.7
1.2
1
Level of
2 Principles
Invention
(43%)
1 2 3
(Data From TRIZ Journal, February 2002) (Data From CREAX Patent Research)

Levels of Invention
 Level 1 (32%)
• Invention that has no contradictions
 Level 2 (45%)
• Invention that has a contradiction but is not difficult to solve
 Level 3 (19%)
• Invention that has a contradiction and is difficult to solve
 Level 4 (<4%)
• Invention that has a contradiction and is difficult to solve. Solution is not within domain
 Level 5 (<0.3%)
• Pioneering invention
© Inno Planet 169
Steps for solving Engineering Contradictions
• Define the improving and worsening parameters of the Engineering
System. You will need to fit the problem parameters to the 39 System
Parameters
• Identify the appropriate or recommended Inventive Principles in the
Contradiction Matrix. Use the help provided in parameters section to
identify additional principles when you just want to improve that
parameter
• Apply Inventive Principles to solve contradiction. When an offered
principle is acceptable but generates a secondary problem do not
automatically reject it – find ways to solve the secondary problem

• How can we reduce water usage in a toilet and still

remove waste effectively?
– Manipulative variable
– Responding variable
– Engineering Contradiction

• Determine
– Improving Parameter
– Worsening Parameter
– Principles

• Responding variable
− Amount of water used
− Smell from septic tank

• Engineering Contradiction
− If reverse trap is curved, then the smell from septic tank is
stopped, but a large amount of water is needed for flushing

 Improving Parameter
• Quantity of substance (26)
• Reliability (27)
 Worsening Parameter
• Volume of moving object (7)

Worsening
 Inventive Principles:
parameter
• 26/7: 15 (Dynamization), 20 (Continuity
of useful action), 29 (Pneumatics & Improving
hydraulics) parameter
• 27/7: 3 (Local quality), 10 (Preliminary
action), 14 (Curvature), 24 P#26 Quantity of 15
(Intermediary) substance 20 29

Content
• What does it take to grow a business?
• What is Main Parameter of Value (MPV)
• What is S-curve?
• Understand stages of S-curve

© Inno Planet
What does it take to grow a business?
• Key Findings
• Commit to Superior Customer Value
– Quality & Price
– Innovation — Products & Services

• Focus on Five Sources of Revenue Growth

– Base Retention
– Market Share Gain
– Market Position
– Adjacent Markets
– New Lines of Business

Extract from Sergei's presentation from Fourth TRIZ Symposium in Japan, 2008
© Inno Planet
Focus on Five Sources of Revenue Growth
Base Retention Retain/keep your current customers. Incremental innovation

Share Take business away from competitors. Radical innovation

Gain

Market Half of success is showing up where growth is going to happen

Positioning Find the new growth segments before anyone else. MPV

Adjacent Proliferate to neighboring markets, potentially to totally different

Markets markets

New Lines of Acquire in unrelated markets

Business

© Inno Planet
Main Parameters of Value (MPV)
• Main Parameters of Value (MPV) are the Product
attributes which define Customer behaviour in the
market
• These MPV are objective technical (physical, geometrical,
chemical,...) parameters
• Traditional parameters (e.g. safety, cost, performance,..)
are too general and not instrumental for innovation
• Only 1-3 parameters are important to customers
• MPVs may differ with different market segments

Descriptive
• Ability to identify S-Curve stage
• Determine best Principle of Operation for achieving
goals

Prediction
• Formulate most promising strategies for future
development. This includes: fine tune, revamp, dump,
find new technology, rethink entire process

© Inno Planet
S-Curve Evolution
• Systems do not develop randomly. They develop according to objective
evolutionary trends
• These evolutionary trends are similar to the Natural Selection Law from
biology during the 19th century where bacteriologists were able to identify
the growth pattern of a colony of bacteria
• Systems compete for different types of resources (money, energy)

3rd stage (Maturity)

Main
Parameter
4th stage
of Value
(Decline)
2nd stage
(Growth)

1st stage
(Birth)

Time
© Inno Planet
1st Stage Analysis
• Overview
– The system is born where the principle of action is first
applied to deliver its main function
– The system design and components are not refined
– Face intense competition with emerging and leading
technologies
• Indicators
– The System is new and has a champion parameter, but
has not yet entered the market
• Examples
– Stem cell research, software beta version, BIOME car
• Recommendations
– Major changes to system including its principle of
operation are allowed
– Must launch into the market as quickly as possible
– Focus on market where the champion parameter is most
important
© Inno Planet
2nd Stage Analysis
• Overview
– Main parameter of value improves rapidly
– Production volume growth
– Expand to new applications
• Indicators
– The system moves into mass production
– Differentiation between system application
increases
– The system gains functions that are closely
connected to the main function
• Examples
– GPS, tablet computer, smart phones
• Recommendations
– Optimization is the principal method of improving
the system
– Adapt the system to new fields or applications
– Adding components to gain more functions

© Inno Planet
3rd Stage Analysis
• Overview
– The system development slows enormously, despite
increasing efforts
– Production volume become stable
– One or more contradictions increase exponentially,
hindering further growth of the function/cost ratio
• Indicators
– The system consumes highly specialized resources
– Supersystem components are designed to accommodate
the system
– Variations differ from one another mainly by design
– The system acquires additional functions that are of little
relevance to the main function
• Examples
– Computers, cars, mirrors
• Recommendations
– Reduce costs, develop service components, improve
aesthetic design
– Deep trimming, integration of alternative system or
transition to supersystem
– Look for a Main Parameter of Value that is in an earlier
stage to develop
© Inno Planet
4th Stage Analysis
• Overview
– The system functionality and revenue decline
– Production volume drops considerably
– More effective systems have reached their 2nd stage and
are beginning to force the system out
• Indicators
– Main function of the system loses its utility become non-
utilitarian such as toy, souvenir, decoration or sport
equipment, entertainment, etc
– The system continues to function only in highly specialized
fields
– The system continues to function within a Supersystem
• Examples
– Typewriters, film camera, ink blotter
• Recommendations
– Look for the market where the System would be
competitive
– Further reduce costs, develop service component, improve
design
– Deep trimming and transition to supersystem

F const

C  F 
MPV

 C 
3rd stage
F 
C const
4th stage

 F  F 
C  2nd stage
C 
F 
C 
1st stage

Time

MPV

target

Fundamental Limit of Capability

Two Options
1) Change the target
2) Change the System

Current System

Time

MPV

target

Getting to the target requires a

Fundamental Limit of Capability change to the system :
• solve a contradiction
• use another means
• evolve to other trend stages
Altered System

Current System

Time

Final Generation

2nd Generation

1st Generation

Ideality = Σ Functionality
X Σ Costs + Σ Harm

X X Ideality
X
X

System
Today 1) Function Analysis
2) Trimming
3) Inventive Principles

© Inno Planet
Problem solving - Define problem
TRIZ tools & applications
& root cause identification:
Problem solving - Solution generation:
• Product Analysis
• Inventive Principles
• Process Analysis
• Standard Inventive Solutions
• Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
• Scientific Effects
• Engineering Contradiction
• Ideality, Ideal Final Result
• Physical Contradiction
• Trends of Engineering System Evolution
• Substance-Field Analysis
• Feature Transfer
• Failure Anticipation Analysis
• Function Oriented Search
• Flow Analysis
• ARIZ
• Trimming
• 9-Windows
People: • Clone Problem Application
• Function Analysis • Benchmarking
• Perception Mapping TRIZ
• Engineering Contradiction New Products/Apps, Market Analysis:
• Inventive Principles • Main Parameter of Value (MPV)
• S-Curve
• Trends of Engineering System Evolution
• Feature Transfer
Solution robustness: • Function Oriented Search
• Failure Anticipation Analysis • Benchmarking
• Secondary problem solving • Trimming
• Function Oriented Search • 9-Windows
• Super-Effect Analysis • Inverse Analysis
© Inno Planet • Patent strategies
Structure of TRIZ tools
Original problem to resolve
Toolbox which
Legend
Function Analysis contains root
Identification of Problem cause analysis,
Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
Model of Problem modeling of
Trends of Eng. System Evolution
Solution Generation Tool problem and
Model of Solution solution
Trimming Feature Transfer
generation tools
Key problem to resolve

Engineering Contradiction Physical Contradiction Function Model Substance-Field Model Algorithm

of Inventive
Problem Solving
(ARIZ)
Separation, Satisfaction, System of Standard
Contradiction Matrix Scientific Effects
Bypass Invention Solutions

Specific Inventive Specific Inventive Specific Scientific Specific Standard (Not exhaustive list)
Principle Principle Effect Invention Solution

Key solution to implement

© Inno Planet
TRIZ Tool : Trends of Engineering
System Evolution
Content
• Examples of Trends of Engineering System
Evolution (TESE)

Trend of Increasing
Ideality

Trend of Increasing Trend of

Trend of Transition Trend of Increasing
Completeness of Optimization of
to the Supersystem Degree of Trimming
System Components Flows

Trend of Trend of Uneven

Trend of Increasing
Elimination of Development of
Coordination
Human System Components
Involvement
Trend of Increasing
Controllability

Trend of Increasing
Dynamicity

© Inno Planet
Trend of Increasing Dynamicity
Increase system controllability by making it more flexible
and easily changeable

© Inno Planet
MyTRIZ path MATRIZ = International TRIZ
MyTRIZ = Malaysia TRIZ Innovation Association
(http://mytriz.com.my)
Practitioner pathway
Instructor pathway
Zero knowledge on TRIZ Level 1 Level 1 TRIZ practitioner
TRIZ (2 days class)

TRIZ Level 1 TRIZ Level 1 TRIZ Level 1 instructor

TRIZ Level 2 Level 2 TRIZ
practitioner Instructor
(2 days class) practitioner
(2 days class)

TRIZ Level 2 TRIZ Level 2 TRIZ Level 2 instructor

TRIZ Level 3 Level 3 TRIZ
practitioner Instructor
(10 days class) practitioner
(2 days class)

TRIZ Level 3 Level 4 TRIZ TRIZ Level 3 TRIZ Level 3 instructor

TRIZ Level 4 Instructor
practitioner expert
- Application of (2 days class)
TRIZ tools

TRIZ Level 4 TRIZ Level 5 Level 5 TRIZ

expert - Research in TRIZ Master

© Inno Planet
TRIZ tools
• Level 1 • Level 3
1. Function Oriented Search
1. Function Analysis
2. Trends of Engineering System Evolution
2. Cause & Effect Chain Analysis
3. Feature Transfer
3. Trimming
4. Benchmarking
4. Engineering Contradiction
5. 9-Windows
5. Contradiction Matrix
6. ARIZ
6. 40 Inventive Principles
7. Clone Problem Application
8. Super-Effects Analysis
• Level 2
9. Failure Anticipation Analysis
1. Physical Contradiction
10. Inverse Analysis
2. Substance-Field Analysis
11. Process Analysis
3. 76 Standard Inventive Solutions
12. Process Trimming
4. S-Curve Analysis
13. Flow Analysis
14. Forecasting
15. Perception Mapping

© Inno Planet
Summary, Wrap up
• Reviewed TRIZ philosophy, methodology and tools. TRIZ has
~25 tools which are able to be customized based on needs
(e.g. patent circumnavigation, forecast future trends, solve
old & chronic problems)
• Effective in identification of problem and generation of
innovative solutions
– Structured brainstorming of ideas. Complements other innovation
process/methods e.g. Blue Ocean Strategy , Lean, Six Sigma,
• Follow the process flow, no shortcuts

"You can wait a hundred years for enlightenment,

or you can solve the problem in 15 minutes with these principles"
--- Genrich Altshuller, TRIZ

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Lunch & Learn: Structural Steel Selection
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Lunch & Learn: Structural Steel Selection
17 pages