Iit Jee Main Syllabus
Iit Jee Main Syllabus
PHYSIC
**PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT
Physics, technology and society, S I Units, fundamental and derived units,
least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in
measurement, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis
and its applications.
*KINEMATICS
The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph,
speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and
instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time,
position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars
and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and
vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity,
Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
*LAWS OF MOTION
Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s
Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of
conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of
concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications.
**GRAVITATION
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its
variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion.
Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity,
Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo stationary satellites.
**THERMODYNAMICS
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of
temperature. Heat, work and internal energy. The first law of
thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and
irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
*ELECTROSTATICS
Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law-forces between two
point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and
continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge,
Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a
dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications to
find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric
potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of
charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two
point charges in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and
electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of capacitors in series and
parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric
medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
**CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Electric current. Drift velocity. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. Resistances of
different materials. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors.
Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity. Colour code for resistors;
Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of
resistance. Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf
of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their
applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge. Potentiometer - principle and
its applications.
**ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of
electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves,
infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
*OPTICS
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror
formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Deviation and
Dispersion of light by a; prism; Lens Formula. Magnification. Power of a
Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Microscope and Astronomical
Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and
refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit
experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and
sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of
central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical
telescopes. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of
plane-polarized light and Polaroid
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: 1- V characteristics in forward and
reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar
cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor,
transistor action, characteristics of a transistor: transistor as an amplifier
(common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT.
NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave
propagation. Need for modulation. Amplitude and Frequency Modulation,
Bandwidth of signals. the bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements
of a Communication System (Block Diagram only).
EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
1. Vernier callipers-its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and
time.
5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire. 6. Surf ace tension of water by
capillary rise and effect of detergents,
7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical
body,
8. Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time.
9. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube, 10. Specific heat capacity of a
given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
11. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using metre bridge.
13. Potentiometeri. Comparison of emf of two primary cells. ii. Determination of internal resistance
of a cell.
15. The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax
method.
16. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
18. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
19. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse break down voltage.
20. Characteristic curves of a transistor and finding current gain and voltage gain.
21. Identification of Diode. LED, Transistor. IC. Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such
items.
22. Using a multimeter to: (i) Identify the base of a transistor (ii) Distinguish between NPN and PNP
type transistor (iii) See the unidirectional of current in case of a diode and an LED. (iv) Check the
correctness or otherwise of a given electronic component (diode, transistor or IC)
MATH
*SETS, RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS:
Sets and their representation: Union, intersection and complement of sets
and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Type of relations,
equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the
composition of functions.
MATHEMATICAL INDUCTIONS:
Principle of Mathematical Induction and its simple applications.
**LIMIT,CONTINUITYAND
DIFFERENTIABILITY:
Real – valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational,
trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse function. Graphs
of simple functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the
sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of
trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and
implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two, Rolle’s and Lagrange's Mean
value Theorems, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities,
monotonicIncreasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of
functions of one variable, tangents and normal.
*CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula,
sections formula, locus and its equation, translation of axes, the slope of a line,
parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis.
**Straight line
Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two
lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a
line, equations of internal and external by sectors of angles between two lines
coordinate of the centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation
of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines.
Circle, conic sections A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form
of the equation of a circle, its radius and central, equation of a circle when the
endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle
with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle,
equation of the tangent, sections of conics, equations of conic sections
(parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for Y = mx +c to
be a tangent and point (s) of tangency.
*VECTOR ALGEBRA
Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two
dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and
vector triple product
MATHEMATICAL REASONING
Statement logical operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if,
understanding of tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive.
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY SECTION –
A PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
**SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule,
element and compound: Physical quantities and their measurements in
Chemistry, precision and accuracy, significant figures. S.I.Units, dimensional
analysis: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole
concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular
formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.
**STATES OF MATTER
Classification of matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states. Gaseous State:
Measurable properties of gases: Gas laws - Boyle's law, Charle’s law. Graham's
law of diffusion. Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure; Concept of
Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation; Kinetic theory of gases (only
postulates); Concept of average, root mean square and most probable
velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor and
van der Waals equation.
**ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of
electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen
atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations
for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of
Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg
uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum
mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features.
Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of and
2 with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular
momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of
s, p and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling
electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's
rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
**CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and
intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. The first law of
thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat
capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant heat summation;
Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,
sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution. The second
law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity of processes; S of the universe and G
of the system as criteria for spontaneity. G (Standard Gibbs energy change)
and equilibrium constant.
*SOLUTIONS
Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality,
molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour
pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour
pressure - composition, plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative
properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure,
depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure;
Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value
of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its significance.
Ionic equilibrium:
Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of
acids and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization,
acid-base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants,
ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of
their solutions, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility products,
buffer solutions.
*SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Adsorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors
affecting adsorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption
isotherms, adsorption from solutions. Catalysis - Homogeneous and
heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and
its mechanism. Colloidal state- distinction among true solutions, colloids and
suspensions, classification of colloids - lyophilic. lyophobic; multimolecular.
macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties
of colloids - Tyndall effect. Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis,
coagulation and flocculation: Emulsions and their characteristics.
SECTION-B
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND
*PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block
elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii,
ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and
chemical reactivity.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF
ISOLATION OF METALS
Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in the
extraction of metals - concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic
methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al. Cu, Zn and
Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of
metals.
**CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
Introduction to co-ordination compounds. Werner's theory; ligands, co-
ordination number, denticity. chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear
co-- ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and
basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance
of co-- ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and
in biological systems).
*ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil. Atmospheric pollution -
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Tropospheric pollutants - Gaseous pollutants:
Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful
effects and prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming: Acid rain;
Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful
effects and prevention. Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown of
ozone, depletion of the ozone layer - its mechanism and effects. Water Pollution
- Major pollutants such as. pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants;
their harmful effects and prevention. Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as;
Pesticides (insecticides. herbicides and fungicides), their harmful effects and
prevention. Strategies to control environmental pollution.
SECTION-C
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and
chromatography - principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis -
Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens. Quantitative analysis
(basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens,
sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular
formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis,
• The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt,
potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
• The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-
acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
• Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysts: Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+,
Ni2+ , Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+ , NH4 +Anions- CO3 2−, S 2- ,SO4 2−, NO3- , NO2- , Cl- , Br- , I- ( Insoluble
salts excluded). Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.