EUROPEAN RAILWAY AGENCY

ERTMS Unit

ERTMS/ETCS UNIT

INTERFACES BETWEEN
CONTROL-COMMAND AND SIGNALLING TRACKSIDE
AND OTHER SUBSYSTEMS

Reference: ERA/ERTMS/033281 Document type:

Version : 3.0 T

Date : 04/12/2015

Edited by Quality review Approved by

Name Angelo Chiappini Pio Guido
Position Project Officer Head of Unit
Date
&
Signature

File : ERA_ERTMS_033281 v30.doc PAGE 1 OF 27

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Amendment record
Version Date Section number Modification/description Author
0.1 17/02/2010 All First Draft
0.2 04/03/2010 all different modifications proposed AC
0.3 12/03/2010 all after EIM comments AC
0.4 15/06/2010 all ERA proposal: specific cases deleted
and different clarifications
0.4 first proposal to insert emc requirements AC
modified for magnetic fields
0.5 29/09/2010 all review meeting AC
0.6 11/10/2010 all language check; requirements for metal AC
free space and use of magnetic brakes;
requirements for 1520 mm gauge
systems
0.7 26/10/10 all review meeting AC
0.8 27/10/10 3.1.4.1; 3.1.4.2; editorial improvement AC
3.1.5; 3.1.6
0.9 03/12/10 different sections review meeting: AC
axle load; sanding; EMC

0.10 13/01/2011 3.1.4; 3.1.5; 3.2 open point for sand quality; editorial AC
clarifications
0.11 03/02/2011 2 interface table added AC
0.12 07/03/2011 all Clarification for DC and low frequency AC
currents
Open point for vehicle impedance
(moved to section 3.2.2)
EMC requirements for magnetic fields
0.13 05/04/2011 3.2.1 EMC WG meeting AC
0.14 03/05/2011 3.2.1; 3.1.10 Editorial group meeting AC
Draft to EC
0.15 19/05/2011 3.1.10 clarification AC
1.0 08/06/2011 3.2.1 RISC meeting AC
1.1 27/09/2012 Table 1 Proposal for closure of open points AC
3.1.7.2
3.2.2.2
1.2 15/11/2012 3.1.7.2 Update of figure and change in text AC
3.2.2.2
1.3 17/01/2013 Table 1 Editorial improvements and clarifications AC
3.1.5
3.1.7
3.2.2.2

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Version Date Section number Modification/description Author

1.4 04/02/2013 3.1.6 Deletion of the reference to an obslolete AC

technical document

3.1.7 Modification of a value of resistance

1.5 14/03/2013 Editorial improvement AC

1.6 12/09/2013 3.1.1.3; 3.1.1.4 Alignement with rolling stock TSIs AC
1.7 11/11/2013 2; 3; 4 Parameters for different track gauges AC
1.8 13/02/2014 Minor corrections AC
1.9 20/02/2014 Helsinki meeting AC
1.10 01/04/2014 Received comments AC
1.11 16/04/2014 Check before publishing AC
1.12 23/04/2013 First Maintenance pre-release version AC
2.0 12/05/2014 Publication AC
2.1 04/02/2015
2,2 21/07/2015 2, 3.1.3.1, Editorial clarifications AC
3.1.3.2, 3.1.3.3,
3.1.3.4, 3.1.5,
3.1.6, 3.1.7.1,
3.2.2.1
2.3 26/11/2015 Updates according to NSA LV AC
comments.
Review before new official version
3.0 04/12/2015 Publication AC

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Table of Content
1. INTRODUCTION 5

2. SCOPE 6

3. INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 9
3.1. Vehicle design and operation 9
3.1.1. Definitions 9
3.1.2. Axle distances 11
3.1.3. Wheel geometry 12
3.1.4. Use of sanding equipment 15
3.1.5. On-board flange lubrication 16
3.1.6. Use of composite brake blocks 16
3.1.7. Vehicle axle load and metal construction 17
3.1.8. Use of shunt assisting devices 19
3.1.9. Impedance between wheels 20
3.1.10. Combination of rolling stock characteristics influencing shunting impedance 20
3.2. Electromagnetic compatibility 21
3.2.1. Electromagnetic fields 21
3.2.2. Conducted interference 25
3.2.3. Use of magnetic / eddy current brakes 27

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1. INTRODUCTION
This document defines the interoperability requirements that are applicable at the
interface between the Control-Command and Signalling Track-side and other
subsystems (mainly, but not exclusively, rolling stock).

Since different types of trackside equipment originate different compatibility

requirements, in this document traceability is provided, by mean of “justifications”
explaining the source of each requirement.

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2. SCOPE
This specification is limited to requirements related to compatibility of train detection
systems with other subsystems.
The possible effects of parameters on equipment other than train detection systems
are not taken into account (e.g., rolling stock and operation are involved in respecting
the requirement on maximum amount of sand, not to disturb track circuits operations,
while the possible effects of sand on infrastructure elements like switches are not in
the scope of this specification).

The requirements specified in this document have been identified on the basis of
compatibility requirements of train detection systems, by reference to the train
detection systems intended for use in interoperable lines, i.e.,

1. Axle counters (with electromagnetic wheel detectors)

2. Track circuits
3. Wheel detectors (e.g., for level crossing operations)
4. Vehicle detectors based on inductive loops

Train detection systems, which are part of the Control-Command and Signalling
Track-side, shall be designed in such a way that they are able to detect a vehicle or
consist under the conditions specified by the parameters in this specification.

In addition, these requirements apply to the relevant other subsystems as identified in

the table below.

Table 1

Subsystem involved

Parameter CCS Rolling Energy Infrastructure Operation and

on-board Stock Traffic
Management
maximum axle X X
distances (train
composition)

minimum axle X X
distances (train
composition)

Distances between X X
end of train and first (train
axle composition)

wheel geometry X

maximum amount of X X
sand (technical (use of sanding
characteris devices)
tics of
sanding
devices)

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Subsystem involved

Parameter CCS Rolling Energy Infrastructure Operation and

on-board Stock Traffic
Management
sand characteristics X

on-board flange X X
lubrication (activation of
lubrication)

use of composite X
brake blocks

vehicle axle load and X

metal construction

use of shunting
assisting devices
(such devices are not
required by CCS TSI,
so no impact for
subsystems compliant
with TSIs; specific
cases exist)

impedance between X X
wheels (possibility of
operational rules
to control rust
during
operations)

Combination of rolling X
stock characteristics
influencing shunting
impedance

electromagnetic fields X X
(emissions
of
Eurobalise
antenna)

vehicle impedance X X
(resulting
impedance
between rails and
pantographs, in
case of consists
with more
locomotives)

Traction current at X
fundamental power
supply frequency

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Subsystem involved

Parameter CCS Rolling Energy Infrastructure Operation and

on-board Stock Traffic
Management
Conducted X X X
interference limits for (number of trains
traction current running in the
same power
section)

use of magnetic/eddy X X
current brakes (technical (operation of
characteristi brakes)
cs of
brakes)

Unless otherwise indicated, the values of the parameters specified in this document
apply for networks with the following nominal track gauges: 1435 mm, 1520 mm,
1524 mm, 1600 mm, and 1668 mm.
If, for a certain parameter, different values apply according to the track gauge, this is
explicitely indicated in the corresponding section.

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3. INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS
3.1. VEHICLE DESIGN AND OPERATION

3.1.1. Definitions
For the definition of the longitudinal vehicle dimensions Fig. 1, (which shows an
example for a three-axle twin-bogie vehicle), applies, where:

ai = distance between following axles, where i = 1, 2, 3, …, n-1, where n is total

number of axles of the vehicle

bx = distance from first axle (b1) or last axle (b2) to the nearest end of the vehicle, i.e.
nearest buffer/nose

L = total length of the vehicle

Figure 1: Longitudinal vehicle dimensions

If more vehicles are connected in a consist, the characteristics stated in the

remainder of this section 3.1 and related to ai apply to the relevant distance of the
axles belonging to each vehicle individually, while the characteristics related to bi only
apply to the two ends of the complete consist.

For definition of wheel dimensions Fig. 2 applies, where:

D = wheel diameter

BR = width of the rim

Sd = thickness of the flange measured at the line 10mm above the running tread as
given in Fig. 2

Sh = height of the flange

Other dimensions in Fig. 2 are not relevant in this document.

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Figure 2: Wheel and wheelset dimensions

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The values quoted in the following paragraphs are absolute limit values including any
measurement tolerances.
The term wheelset applies to any pair of opposite wheels, even those not connected
by a common axle. Except where stated, wheelset assemblies are assumed to have
continuous wheel centres and not have spoke wheels. Any references to wheel sets
concern centre of wheels.

3.1.2. Axle distances

3.1.2.1. Maximum axle distance
Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
The distance ai (Fig. 1) does not exceed 20 000 mm.

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm and 1524 mm track gauge:

The distance ai (Fig. 1) does not exceed 19 000 mm.

Justification:
This requirement is related to the minimum length of a signalling section, so that a
vehicle or consist does not bridge it, making the train detection system report it as
“unoccupied”.

3.1.2.2. Minimum axle distance (1)

Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
For the maximum speed v lower or equal to 350 km/h:
The distance ai (Fig.1) is ai ≥ v x 7,2 (where v is in km/h and distance ai is in mm); this
value applies jointly with the minimum wheels size (see 3.1.3.2).

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm and 1524 mm track gauge:

For the maximum speed v lower or equal to 350 km/h:
The distance ai (Fig.1) is ai ≥ v x 7,2 (where v is in km/h and distance ai is in mm) and
ai ≥ 500 mm; this value applies jointly with the minimum wheels size (see 3.1.3.2).

Justification:
Axle counter systems have to be able to distinguish the detection of an axle by 2
subsequent counters with sufficient resolution; otherwise the result will be a count-
error.

3.1.2.3. Minimum axle distance (2)

Harmonised parameter:
For the maximum speed v higher than 350 km/h, the distance ai (Fig.1) is at least:
[open point]

Justification:
Axle counter systems have to be able to distinguish the detection of an axle by 2
subsequent counters with sufficient resolution; otherwise the result will be a count-
error.

3.1.2.4. Minimum axle distance (3)

Harmonised parameter:

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The distance between first and last axle L - (b1 + b2) (Fig.1) is at least 3 000 mm

Justification:
The electrical joints between adjacent track circuits may have an area where the
detection of an axle of a vehicle is not ensured.

3.1.2.5. Distances between end of train and first axle on new High Speed lines
Harmonised parameter:
The distance bx (Fig. 1) does not exceed 5 000 mm.

Justification:
A train detection system shall be able to detect:
 the first axle before the nose of the train reaches a danger point ahead
 the last axle until the tail of the train has passed the danger point.

3.1.2.6. Distances between end of train and first axle on other lines
Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1524 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
The distance bx (Fig. 1) does not exceed 4 200 mm.

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm track gauge:

The distance bx (Fig. 1) does not exceed 3 500 mm

Justification:
A train detection system shall be able to detect:
 the first axle before the nose of the train reaches a danger point ahead
 the last axle until the tail of the train has passed the danger point.

3.1.3. Wheel geometry

3.1.3.1. Minimum wheel rim width
Harmonised parameter:
The dimension BR (Fig. 2) is (this value is in line with what specified for geometrical
characteristics of wheels in “Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock” and in the
“Freight wagons” TSIs)

Wheel rim width as a function of the wheel diameter D

Track gauge [mm] Wheel diameter D [mm] Wheel rim width BR [mm]

1435 D ≥ 330 133 to 140

1520 D ≥ 330 126 to 146

1524 D ≥ 400 133 to 145

1600 690 ≤ D ≤ 1016 137 to 139

1668 D ≥ 330 133 to 140

Justification:
The detection field of the axle counter is influenced by the wheel which passes. The
rim width has to be big enough to influence the field sufficiently in order to ensure
appropriate detection

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3.1.3.2. Minimum wheel diameter

Harmonised parameter:
For the maximum speed v, the dimension D (Fig. 2) is at least

v [km/h] D [mm]
v ≤ 100 330
100 < v ≤ 250 150 + 1.8 x v
250 < v ≤ 350 50 + 2.2 x v
350 < v [open point]

For v ≤ 250 km/h in the case of spoke wheels (spoke wheels of the design existing
when this specification enters in force only), D is at least 600 mm

Justification:
The length of the influence of the detection field of the axle counter is related to the
wheel diameter

3.1.3.3. Minimum flange thickness

Harmonised parameter:
The dimension Sd (Fig. 2) is (this value is in line with what specified for geometrical
characteristics of wheels in “Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock” and in the
“Freight wagons” TSIs)

Flange thickness as a function of the wheel diameter D

Track gauge [mm] Wheel diameter D [mm] Flange thickness Sd [mm]

1435 330 ≤ D ≤ 760 27.5 to 33

760 ≤ D ≤ 840 25.0 to 33

D ≥ 840 22.0 to 33

1520 330 ≤ D ≤ 1220 21 to 33

1524 400 ≤ D ≤ 760 27.5 to 33

760 ≤ D ≤ 840 25.0 to 33

D ≥ 840 22.0 to 33

1600 690 ≤ D ≤ 1016 26 to 33

1668 330 ≤ D ≤ 840 27.5 to 33

D ≥ 840 22 to 33

Justification:
The detection field of the axle counter is influenced by the wheel which passes. The
flange thickness has to be big enough to influence the field sufficiently to ensure
appropriate detection.

3.1.3.4. Flange height

Harmonised parameter:

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The dimension Sh (Fig. 2) is (this value is in line with what specified for geometrical
characteristics of wheels in “Locomotives and Passenger rolling stock” and in the
“Freight wagons” TSIs)

Flange height as a function of the wheel diameter D

Track gauge [mm] Wheel diameter D [mm] Flange height Sh [mm]

1435 330 ≤ D ≤ 630 31.5 to 36

630 ≤ D ≤ 760 29.5 to 36

D ≥ 760 27.5 to 36

1520 330 ≤ D ≤ 1220 28 to 32

1524 400 ≤ D ≤ 630 31.5 to 36

630 ≤ D ≤ 760 29.5 to 36

D ≥ 760 27.5 to 36

1600 690 ≤ D ≤ 1016 28 to 38

1668 330 ≤ D ≤ 630 31.5 to 36

630 ≤ D ≤ 760 29.5 to 36

D ≥ 760 27.5 to 36

Justification:
The detection field of the axle counter is influenced by the wheel which passes. The
flange height has to be big enough to influence the field sufficiently to ensure
appropriate detection

3.1.3.5. Metal and inductive components-free space between wheels

Harmonised parameter:
For freight wagons: only wheels and their parts (gearboxes, brake parts, sanding
tube) or non-metallic and non-inductive components are permitted to be mounted in
the sensitive area of Fig. 3.

For other vehicles: the possibility and conditions to install equipment in the sensitive
zone of Fig. 3 are: [open point]

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Fig. 3: Sensitive area

Justification:
The principle of axle counters is based on the distortion of an electromagnetic field.
The distortion should occur only with the passage of the wheel and not with the
passage of surrounding parts of rolling stock, like other ferromagnetic components or
inductive coils.

Remark: The requirements of Fig. 3 can be respected by freight wagons; in case of

locomotives it may be necessary to install equipment (e.g., brakes) in the area
forbidden by Fig. 3.

3.1.3.6. Wheel material

Harmonised parameter:
The wheels have ferromagnetic characteristics and are electrically conducting.

Justification:
This characteristic is necessary to generate the distortion of the electromagnetic field
of axle counters, to ensure appropriate detection.

3.1.4. Use of sanding equipment

3.1.4.1. Maximum amount of sand
Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1524 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
In case where an automatic sanding function is provided, it is possible for the driver
to suspend its use.

The allowed amount of sand per sanding device within 30 s is:

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1. For speed v < 140 km/h; 400 g + 100 g

2. For speed v > 140 km/h; 650 g + 150 g

The number of active sanding devices does not exceed the following:

1. For multiple units with distributed sanding devices: first and last car and
intermediate cars with a minimum of 7 intermediate axles, between two
sanding devices that are not sanded. It is permissible to couple such multiple
units and to operate all sanding devices at the coupled ends.

2. For loco-hauled trains

a. For emergency and full service braking: all available sanding devices
b. In all other cases: a maximum of 4 sanding devices per rail

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm track gauge:

[open point]

This parameter shall be taken into account jointly with 3.1.4.2 (Sand Characteristics).

Justification:
Sand is applied to the tracks to improve braking and traction performance.
Sand can create an isolating layer between wheels and rails increasing the contact
resistance, with risk of not detecting trains on tracks equipped with track circuits.

3.1.4.2. Sand characteristics

Harmonised parameter:
The characteristics of sand applied to the tracks are: [open point].
This parameter shall be taken into account jointly with 3.1.4.1 (Maximum amount of
sand).
This parameter is to enable the margins related to contact resistance between wheels
and rails to be taken into account for the use of track circuits.

Justification:
The composition of the sand which is used is relevant for the risk of not detecting
trains on tracks equipped with track circuits.

3.1.5. On-board flange lubrication

Harmonised parameter:
If the vehicle is equipped with flange lubricators, it is possible to activate/deactivate
them.

Justification:
Lubricant can create an isolating film between wheels and rails increasing the contact
electrical resistance, with risk of not detecting trains on tracks equipped with track
circuits.

3.1.6. Use of composite brake blocks

Harmonised parameter:

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The vehicles use brake blocks assessed for the effects on the contact electrical
resistance between wheel and rail.

Justification:
Composite brake blocks can create an isolating film between wheels and rails
increasing the contact electrical resistance, with risk of not detecting trains on tracks
equipped with track circuits.

3.1.7. Vehicle axle load and metal construction

3.1.7.1. Vehicle axle load
Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1524 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
The axle load is

1. at least 3,5 t for vehicles with more than 4 axles and wheel tread brakes,
2. at least 4 t for vehicles with 4 axles and wheel tread brakes,
3. at least 5 t for other vehicles (that is, vehicles that do not fall into categories 1
or 2).

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm track gauge:

The axle load is [open point]

Justification:
A minimum axle load will activate pedals and treadles. Also, minimum axle load will
have a beneficiary effect on the resistance between wheel and track, which is
important for the operation of track circuits. Friction elements acting on the surface of
wheels contribute to keep them clean and limit the increase of contact resistance.

3.1.7.2. Vehicle metal construction

Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm track gauge:

In the following, “length” refers to the direction in parallel to the track and “width”
refers to the direction orthogonal to the track.

The description of this parameter is done with reference to the figure below:
a: section (distance) between the inner axles of two adjacent bogies or wheel
sets
b: section (distance) between the first (respectively the last) axle and the
nearest end of the vehicle (excluding the coupling systems)
c: distance between top of rail and vehicle floor (bottom side)
d: distance between adjacent conducting cross connections / length of short
circuit rings (electrically conducting loops) formed by frame beams and
conducting cross connections
e: distance of adjacent longitudinal frame beams
f, g, h: dimensions of electrically connected conducting constituents (X)
i, k: dimensions of short circuit rings (electrically conducting loops) formed by
electrically connected conducting constituents (X)
o: distance between adjacent short circuit rings

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p: distance between short circuit rings and adjacent wheel sets

X: conductive constituents mounted below vehicle floor

X X
X X c

b a
A: Defined distances and areas (the illustrated bogies with two axles are only an
example; a bogie can consist of different numbers of axles)

conducting cross connection longitudinal frame beam

d
p
B: Example longitudinal beams with cross connections in section a

X X X X
i
g
X h
f

C: Example short circuit rings in section a o f p

Resulting short circuit ring (electrically conducting loop)

Principle routing of the cables for the electrical connection of electrically conductive constituents

Fig. 4: Vehicle layouts

For the scope of this parameter, the vehicle is subdivided in different sections as
shown in figure 4A: a central section (a), two outer sections (b) and the sections of
the bogies or single wheel sets. The parameter is respected when the design of the
vehicle is such that at least one of the conditions 1, 2 or 3 is fulfilled in section (a) and
section (b) and condition 4 (or alternatively at least one of the conditions 1, 2 or 3) is
fulfilled in the sections of bogies or single wheel sets (in case of vehicles without
bogies):

1. The distance (c) between rail level and vehicle floor (bottom side) is less than
1.06 m and the vehicle has a metal floor over its full length (excluding the coupling
systems) with a minimum width of 2 m and with a conductivity greater than 1 m/(Ω
mm2).

2. The vehicle has constructive structures at least inside section (a) and (b) consisting
of longitudinal frame beams symmetrically on both sides with a minimum distance
(e) of 1.0 m. These are electrically connected with conducting cross connections in
a distance (d) less than or equal to 3 m to form short circuit rings (electrically
conducting loops) as illustrated in figure 4B, showing an example for section (a).
The electrical DC resistance of the resulting short circuit rings is lower than 1 Ω.

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The distance (o) between adjacent short circuit rings does not exceed 3 m. The
distance (p) between a short circuit ring and an adjacent wheel set of a bogie does
not exceed 3 m, the distance to a single wheel set does not exceed 1.5 m.
The distance between rail level and short circuit rings on the bottom side of vehicle
floor is less than1.06 m.

3. The vehicle has electrically conducting constituents (X) mounted below the floor at
least inside section (a) and (b). These are electrically connected to form short
circuit rings (electrically conducting loops) as illustrated in figure 4C, showing an
example for section (a). The dimensions of the constituents fulfil at least one of the
following conditions:
a) minimum width (g) of 2 m and minimum longitudinal length (f) of 1 m,
b) minimum width (h) of 1 m and minimum longitudinal length (f) of 1 m on
both long sides of the vehicle.
The electrical connection is done in a way that short circuit rings with a length (k)
equal or more than 2.5 m but less or equal than 3 m and a minimum width (i) of
2 m result. Figure 4C illustrates the principle routing of the cabling.
The conductivity of the conducting constituents is greater than 1 m/(Ω mm2). The
electrical DC resistance of the resulting short circuit rings is lower than 1 Ω.
The distance (o) between adjacent short circuit rings does not exceed 3 m. The
distance (p) between a short circuit ring and an adjacent wheel set of a bogie does
not exceed 3 m, the distance to a single wheel set does not exceed 1.5 m.
The distance between rail level and short circuit rings on the bottom side of vehicle
floor is less than 1.06 m.

4. Bogies consist of metal parts with a conductivity greater than 1 m/(Ω mm2).
Constructive supporting metal parts of a bogie frame are electrically connected with
an electrical DC resistance lower than 1 Ω. The distance between rail level and the
bottom side of the bogie frame is less than 1.06 m.
Alternatively, if these requirements are not fulfilled at least condition 1, 2 or 3 shall
be fulfilled in the section of the bogie.

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm, 1524 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
No requirement on vehicle metal construction exist.

Justification:
This parameter specifies the requirements on the metal construction of a vehicle
ensuring its detection by trackside inductive loops..

3.1.8. Use of shunt assisting devices

Harmonised parameter for 1435 mm, 1524 mm, 1600 mm and 1668 mm track gauge:
The use of shunting assisting devices is not required.

Harmonised parameter for 1520 mm track gauge:

[open point]

Justification:
Shunting assisting devices are not necessary for the operation of track circuits.

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3.1.9. Impedance between wheels

Harmonised parameter:
The electrical resistance between the running surfaces of the opposite wheels of a
wheelset does not exceed 0.05 Ohm, measured by a voltage between 1.8 VDC and
2.0 VDC (open circuit).

Justification:
A track circuit is only able to detect rolling stock if the impedance between rails does
not exceed a certain value, given by the impedance of the opposite wheels of the
wheelsets and the contact resistance at the wheel-rail surface.
The interface requirement given here is only related to the electrical resistance
between the running surfaces of the opposite wheels of a wheelset.

Remark: operational rules may apply to ensure that a sufficiently low value of the
contact resistance is maintained during service: see 3.1.4 (Use of sanding
equipment), 3.1.5 (On board flange lubrication) and 3.1.6 (Use of composite brake
blocks)

3.1.10. Combination of rolling stock characteristics influencing shunting

impedance
Harmonised parameter:
The rules for combination of characteristics listed above (3.1.2 to 3.1.9) for vehicles
or consists to ensure adequate operation with train detection systems are: [open
point].

Remark: these are not additional conditions for the approval of rolling stock. These
rules must be evaluated when checking the compatibility of a consist with the
infrastructure, without the necessity of tests.

Justification:
These rules refer to possible conditions / limitations for the use of vehicles
and consists on lines where track circuits are installed. Operation of track circuits
relies on the contact resistance between wheels and rails that is influenced by the
combination of several factors. The dynamic shunt behaviour differs from the static
shunt behaviour. Even for vehicles or consists compliant with the single parameters
defined in this specification, rules for the vehicles or consist may be necessary to
cover this.

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3.2. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

The requirements related to electromagnetic compatibility are expressed by means of
“frequency management”, the purpose of which is to define the frequency ranges and
the associated limits required for compatibility between rolling stock and track-side
equipment.

3.2.1. Electromagnetic fields

3.2.1.1. Frequency management
The compatibility requirements specified in this section apply for 1435 mm, 1600 mm
and 1668 mm track gauge network.

The compatibility requirements for 1520 mm and 1524 mm track gauge network are:
[open point]

The frequency management defines three frequency bands:

1. 27 kHz – 52 kHz for band 1

2. 234 kHz – 363 kHz for band 2
3. 740 kHz – 1250 kHz for band 3

These requirements have been derived for the compatibility with axle counters.
The requirements for electromagnetic fields related to compatibility of rolling stock
with other kinds of train detection systems are:
[open point]

The subsequent figures illustrate the compatibility limits for x, y and z directions.

In-band Out-band

150

Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

140
Magnetic field emission limits (eff), X-direction [dBuA/m]

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60
10 100 1,000
Frequency f [kHz]

Figure 5: Compatibility requirements for X direction

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In-band Out-band
150
Magnetic field emission limits (RMS),

140 Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

130
Y-direction [dBuA/m]

120

110

100

90

80

70

60
10 100 f [kHz] 1,000 10,000

Figure 6: Compatibility requirements for Y direction

In-band Out-band

150

140

130
Magnetic field emission limits (eff), Z-Axis

120

110
[dBuA/m ]

100

90

80

70

60
10 100 1,000
Frequency f [kHz]

Figure 7: Compatibility requirements for Z direction

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Justification:
The magnetic fields generated by rolling stock can potentially interfere with the
operation of train detection systems.
3.2.1.2. Vehicle emission limits and evaluation parameters
The limits and associated parameters for the evaluation of rolling stock emissions
against the requirements in 3.2.1.1 are provided in the following table:

Table 2

Band Frequency Emission Emission Emission Evaluation Filter order Evaluation

range limit limit limit method (butterworth) parameters
defined by X Axis Y Axis Z Axis and
the centre 3 dB-
frequency [dBμA/m] [dBμA/m] [dBμA/m] bandwidth
(RMS**) (RMS**) (RMS**)
[kHz]

Linear Linear Linear Record time 1 ms,

Out of decay decay decay Hanning window, 50%
10 to 27 FFT
band from 135 from 135 from 135 overlap,
to 130 to 130 to 130 max hold
27 to 41.2 4th order 20% overlap (3dB
Band 1 and 93 93 98 BP points)
44.8 to 52 300 Hz integration time: 1ms
4th order 20% overlap (3dB
41.2 to
Band 1 93 83*/90* 98 BP points)
44.8
300 Hz integration time: 1ms

Band 1 2nd order 20% overlap (3dB-

41.8 to
-- 85 -- BP points),
44.2
40 Hz*** integration time: 1ms
Record time 1ms,
Out of Hanning window, 50%
52 to 234 130 130 130 FFT
band overlap,
max hold

Band 2 20% overlap (3dB-

234 to 4th order;
120 99 100 BP points),
287 7500 Hz
integration time: 1.5 ms

Band 2 20% overlap (3dB-

287 to 4th order;
109 99 91 BP points), integration time
363 7500 Hz
1.5 ms

Band 2 20% overlap (3dB-

287 to 4th order;
-- -- 87 BP points),
363 4000 Hz
integration time: 1.5 ms
Out of record time 1ms,
band 363 to
125 125 125 FFT Hanning window, 50%
740
overlap, max hold

Band 3 20% overlap (3dB-

740 to 4th order;
106 85 101 BP points),
1026 10 kHz
integration time: 1.5 ms

Band 3 20% overlap (3dB-

1026 to 4th order;
119 113 113 BP points),
1250 10 kHz
integration time 1.5 ms

* 90 dBµA/m for emissions under the train, defined by the distance between the
middle of the first and the last axle of the train + 0.5m on both sides, independently of
the radius of the wheels. See Figure 7 below.

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83 dBµA/m for emissions measured before the first axle and after the last axle of the
train has passed over the measurement sensor, see Figure 7 below.
** For in-band frequencies, the overlap for RMS calculations shall be at least 75%
FFT= Fast Fourier Transformation; BP= Band pass Filtering.
*** Prefiltering with a bandpass filter of 4th order and a 3 dB bandwidth of 1000 Hz is
possible

0.5 m 0.5 m
area between the
first and the last axle
area after the last axle area before the first axle

Figure 8

The uncertainty of the whole measurement chain shall be no more than +/- 1.75 dB of
the defined magnetic field limit.

3.2.1.3. Evaluation of exceedances of limits defined in table 2.

In case there are exceedances of the limits specified in Table 2 and the minimum
time interval between two exceedances is greater than the integration time Tint
specified in Table 2, further evaluation can be done using shorter integration time as
defined in table 3.

Table 3

Frequency Field Increasing of magnetic field limits Increasing of magnetic field limits
range direction for a reduced integration time of for a reduced integration time of
0,5 x Tint 0,25 x Tint
[dB] [dB]

27 to 52 kHz X 2 6
27 to 52 kHz Y, Z 6 12
234 to 287 X, Y, Z 6 12
kHz
287 to 363 X, Y, Z 3 6
kHz
740 to 1026 X, Y, Z 6 12
kHz
1026 to X, Y, Z 0 0
1260 kHz

3.2.1.4. Measurement specification

The magnetic field limits specified in table 2 and 3 shall be measured using the
antennas defined below.

A rectangular 3-dimensional magnetic loop antenna with a common centre point with
the following geometrical dimensions shall be used:

1. 5 cm x 5 cm (X-direction)
2. 5 cm x 15 cm (Y- and Z- direction). The longest arm is always in X-direction.

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Figure 9: Loop antenna

The following table shall be used to define the mounting position of the measurement
antennas for the frequency range considered. The centre point of the measurement
antenna for the low frequency range (LFR) and high frequency range (HFR) shall
have the following coordinates:

Table 4
Y1 [mm] Z1 [mm]
LFR (10 kHz to 100 kHz) 98 73
HFR (100 kHz to 1,3 MHz) 94 68

Figure 10: Position of the measurement antenna (internal between the rails)

The position of the measurement antenna shall be referenced with accuracy of +/- 2
mm.

3.2.2. Conducted interference

3.2.2.1. Vehicle impedance
The minimum impedance between pantograph and wheels of the consist is:
[open point]

Justification:
In train detection systems, to prevent interferences from harmonics generated in the
traction system and to prevent (in case of track circuits) cross-over effect through the
catenary system from one track to another, a sufficiently high impedance of the
consist is necessary.

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3.2.2.2. Traction current at fundamental power supply frequency

There is no requirement applicable to rolling stock for a maximum harmonised value
of the traction current at the fundamental power supply frequency.

Justification:
The traction current in the rails can potentially interfere with the operation of train
detection systems.
The upper limit of this parameter is linked to the short circuit current of the traction
power supply: this is a design issue of trackside subsystems and it is not directly
associated with requirements for rolling stock.

Note: The requirements on harmonics of the traction current, which are applicable to
rolling stock, are covered in the following points 3.2.2.3 to 3.2.2.7.

3.2.2.3. 25kV AC, 50Hz Electromagnetic interference limits for traction current
The electromagnetic interference limits are:
[open point]

Justification: the harmonics in the traction current in the rails can potentially interfere
with the operation of train detection systems.

3.2.2.4. 15kV AC, 16,7Hz Electromagnetic interference limits for traction current
The electromagnetic interference limits are:
[open point]

Justification: the harmonics in the traction current in the rails can potentially interfere
with the operation of train detection systems.

3.2.2.5. 3kV DC Electromagnetic interference limits for traction current

The electromagnetic interference limits are:
[open point]

Justification: the harmonics in the traction current in the rails can potentially interfere
with the operation of train detection systems.

3.2.2.6. 1,5kV DC Electromagnetic interference limits for traction current

The electromagnetic interference limits are:
[open point]

Justification: the harmonics in the traction current in the rails can potentially interfere
with the operation of train detection systems.

3.2.2.7. 750V DC Electromagnetic interference limits for traction current

The electromagnetic interference limits are:
[open point]

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Justification: the harmonics in the traction current in the rails can potentially interfere
with the operation of train detection systems.

3.2.3. Use of magnetic / eddy current brakes

Harmonised parameter:
The use of magnetic and/or eddy current brakes is: [open point].

Justification:
The magnetic fields generated by those brakes can potentially influence axle
counters.

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