Scribd
Upload
42 views13 pages

Lec SHANSEP

The document discusses the Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) model, which relates undrained shear strength of clay soils to preconsolidation pressure and stress history. It describes testing clay samples through one-dimensional consolidation tests to determine preconsolidation pressure, and triaxial shear tests on normally consolidated and overconsolidated samples to establish relationships between shear strength, overconsolidation ratio, and preconsolidation pressure. This SHANSEP procedure minimizes sample disturbance and accounts for stress-induced anisotropy.

Uploaded by

naim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views13 pages

Lec SHANSEP

The document discusses the Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) model, which relates undrained shear strength of clay soils to preconsolidation pressure and stress history. It describes testing clay samples through one-dimensional consolidation tests to determine preconsolidation pressure, and triaxial shear tests on normally consolidated and overconsolidated samples to establish relationships between shear strength, overconsolidation ratio, and preconsolidation pressure. This SHANSEP procedure minimizes sample disturbance and accounts for stress-induced anisotropy.

Uploaded by

naim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

The relationship between OCR, preconsolidation pressure, and shear

strength will be fit to the Stress History and Normalized Soil


Engineering Properties (SHANSEP) equation (Ladd and Foote, 1974)
that was developed by Charles Ladd of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT).

The SHANSEP model (Stress History and Normalized Soil Engineering Properties)
is used for modeling undrained shear strength of certain clay soils (Ladd and Foote,
1974). For a soil subjected to a given stress path, the following equation describes
the undrained shear strength.

------------------(1)
Since the testing program for SHANSEP parameters is dependent upon the accurate
measurement of the preconsolidation pressure, one dimensional consolidation
testing is necessarily a preliminary step in this testing program.

In the top curve, axial strain is plotted


on the x-axis, and the deviator stress
(σ1-σ3) is plotted on the y-axis. The
lower curve is the same plot, however
this time each deviator stress is
normalized by the confinement
pressure σ’c. The data presented in
this curve is an idealized, undrained
shear strength for normally
consolidated soils tested in triaxial
compression.
The Normalized Shear Strength Concept
(after Ladd and Foote, 1974).
Testing of normally consolidated soils
is the first step in the triaxial testing
necessary to develop SHANSEP, and is
used to ensure that the clays being
examined demonstrate “normalized”
behavior. During this phase of testing,
samples are consolidated onto the
virgin portion of the consolidation
curve, held for a creep period, and
then sheared. If the soil being tested is
a normalized soil the undrained shear
strength data would plot as shown in
Figure .The next step in the SHANSEP
testing process is to test at various
overconsolidation ratios, and then plot
the data according to equation Normalized Undrained Shear Strength related to
mentioned above. OCR. (After Ladd and Foote, 1974)
Ko-Consolidation

OCR- 1,2,3,4.......
SHANSEP procedure
The procedure followed in this experiment follows that published by Ladd and
Foote in 1974. A paraphrasing of the basic systematic procedure follows:
1. Select samples and, using one-dimensional consolidation testing, calculate the
preconsolidation pressure (σvo).
2. Using specimens from the same sample consolidate them to 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 (
3,4,5,6,7 ,8 or more) times the established σvo
3. These tests should show a constant relationship between shear strength and
consolidation pressure (su/σvc), also seen as a c/p in soil mechanics literature. This
should at least be true for the higher two pressures in the above step. If not, the
SHANSEP procedure does not apply.
4. A pressure that shows a constant su/σvc relationship is selected as the laboratory
consolidation pressure σvm
5. The specimens are consolidated to this pressure and then allowed to swell to
known overconsolidation ratios (OCR).
6. Shearing is initiated and the su/σvc ratio is plotted vs. OCR and this relationship is
compared with existing data to ensure testing validity.
The advantages this special testing process provides are the ability to
address questions regarding sample disturbance and stress path anisotropic
behavior.

Disturbance is minimized in this procedure by ensuring the specimens are


loaded past the σv0, and onto the virgin portion of the consolidation curve.

Stress induced anisotropy is addressed through the K0 consolidation portion


of the triaxial UCK0 compression testing. The at-rest principal stress relationship
(σ1/σ2 = K) is achieved by vertically consolidating the sample without allowing
horizontal expansion. By controlling the flow into and out of the sample, along with
continuously regulating the cell pressure, the triaxial testing apparatus maintains a
constant cross section, thereby closely mimicking in situ consolidation conditions.
Triaxial Testing
Triaxial testing is used to develop the SHANSEP parameters. The in situ
preconsolidation pressure is established from the CRS phase of the testing. Triaxial
specimens are consolidated under K0 conditions to stresses higher than the in situ
preconsolidation pressure to assure that the soil is in a normally consolidated state,
then swelled to a known OCR, and finally sheared to failure. The resultant data is
plotted and curve fitting is done to relate strength, OCR, and preconsolidation
pressure according to equation (1).
The testing program for the development of SHANSEP parameters proceeds in the
following basic steps:
1. Field Exploration
2. One dimensional Consolidation testing to establish preconsolidation pressures
3. Specimen selection
4. Triaxial shear testing on normally consolidated samples
5. Triaxial shear testing on overconsolidated samples.

You might also like