Leaflet OnScreen C1 INT Cont.

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Contents
Vocabulary Reading
Module 1 • relationships Different but the same
Who we are (pp. 5-17) • family life (gapped text; answer questions –
• personality & qualities read for cohesion)
• idioms/prepositions/
Language Knowledge 1 (pp. 18-19) phrasal verbs/word formation
Language Focus 1 (p. 20)
Progress Check 1 (pp. 21-22)

Module 2 • technological developments/ How to build a bionic man

Pushing boundaries (pp. 23-35) advancements (multiple choice; answer questions –
• robotics read for specific information)
• everyday computing & gadgets
Language Knowledge 2 (pp. 36-37) • idioms/prepositions/
Language Focus 2 (p. 38) phrasal verbs/word formation.
Progress Check 2 (pp. 39-40)

Module 3 • jobs & job qualities Young Entrepreneurs Making Their Mark
Widening your horizons (pp. 41-53) • working life (multiple matching; answer questions –
• office personalities read for specific information)
• vocational training
Language Knowledge 3 (pp. 54-55) • idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Language Focus 3 (p. 56) formation
Progress Check 3 (pp. 57-58)

Module 4 • wellbeing What’s in a smile?

Health Matters (pp. 59-71) • health problems & injuries (T/F statements, multiple choice,
• food & nutrition synonyms/antonyms, read for specific
• fitness & sports information)
Language Knowledge 4 (pp. 72-73) • idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Language Focus 4 (p. 74) formation
Progress Check 4 (pp. 75-76)

Module 5 • social issues & world problems Environmental Crime Investigator

Cause for Concern (pp. 77-89) • the environment (missing sentences; answering
• crime and punishment questions – read for cohesion)
• idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Language Knowledge 5 (pp. 90-91) formation
Language Focus 5 (p. 92)
Progress Check 5 (pp. 93-94)

Module 6 • shopping & services The Story of Stuff

A Material World (pp. 95-107) • money & spending (cross text multiple matching; answering
• advertising & marketing questions – read for opinion/attitude)
• idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Language Knowledge 6 (pp. 108-109) formation
Language Focus 6 (p. 110)
Progress Check 6 (pp. 111-112)

Module 7 • outdoor environments & activities Ice Breakers

The great outdoors (pp. 113-125) • landscapes & geographical features (gapped text; answering questions –
• extreme weather & natural read for cohesion)
phenomena
Language Knowledge 7 (pp. 126-127) • sounds in nature
Language Focus 7 (p. 128) • idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Progress Check 7 (pp. 129-130) formation

Module 8 • performers Risking life and Limb

The Art of Entertainment (pp. 131-143) • radio, TV, film & the stage (multiple choice; answering questions –
• books/literature read for specific information)
Language Knowledge 8 (pp. 144-145) • music
Language Focus 8 (p. 146) • idioms/prepositions/phrasal verbs/word
Progress Check 8 (pp. 147-148) formation

CLIL/Culture pp. 149-152 Grammar Reference pp. GR1-GR25 Word List pp. WL1-WL

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Grammar Listening Speaking Writing

• present & past tenses • monologues (multiple • asking about / giving • informal letter/emails
• stative verbs matching) personal details (informal style)
• used to – would – be/get • answering questions about
used to yourself
• comparisons

• future tenses • dialogues (multiple choice – • making / responding to • a proposal

• degrees of certainty short extracts) suggestions (formal style; linkers; future
• it – there • comparing & speculating on & hypothetical
pictures constructions)

• infinitive/-ing forms • interview (multiple choice) • giving / responding to • semi-formal/formal

• intensifiers advice letters/emails (semi-formal &
• negotiating/reaching an formal style)
agreement

• modals (past & present) • monologue (sentence • giving / replying to an • an essay based on a
• deductions completion) opinion prompts
• phrases expressing modality • dialogues (multiple choice – • answering a question based (linking words & phrases;
short extracts) on a picture paraphrasing)

• passive voice • interview (multiple choice) • discussing causes & results • a report
• causative • monologues (multiple of an issue & offering (register - formal language,
• personal-impersonal matching) solutions linking structures)
structures • interactive discussion
• substitutions & ellipsis

• conditionals/mixed • interviews (multiple choice) • making and answering • a for & against essay
conditionals • monologues (multiple a complaint (cohesion; punctuation)
• wishes/unreal past matching) • arguing a case
• phrases with hypothetical
meaning

• reported speech • monologue (multiple • narrating an experience & • a story (descriptive

• reporting verbs choice) showing interest techniques – adjectives/
• articles & determiners • monologue (sentence • discussing suggested points adverbs; feelings;
• inversion completion) beginnings and endings)

• relative clauses • dialogues (multiple choice – • Making suggestions/ • a review (paragraph

• participle clauses short extracts) responding & interrupting planning; recommending)
• clauses • monologue (multiple • answering a question based
• cleft sentences choice) on a picture

Pronunciation (p. PR1) American English-British English Guide (p. AE-BEG1) Irregular Verbs

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Components

For the Student

Workbook & Public Speaking

Grammar Book Skills

Class Audio CDs &

ieBook Test Booklet CD-ROM

Student’s Book

For the Teacher

Workbook & Public Speaking Skills

Teacher’s Book
(interleaved) Grammar Book Teacher’s book
Class Audio CDs &
Test Booklet CD-ROM
IWB
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Pushing boundaries Module 2

A Look into the Future
1 Read the texts and choose the correct word. How do you think
these technological developments are pushing boundaries?

A
We all know about smartphones, but what about
MODULE OBJECTIVES smart bandages? These mini devices are
1) equipped/implemented with tiny electronic
▶ Vocabulary
sensors. The bandage communicates through
• technological
Wi-Fi with health professionals and can even
developments/advance
release medicine. Researchers expect the
• robotics
bandages will 2) modernise/revolutionise
• everyday computing &
healthcare within the next few years.
gadgets
• idioms (technology)
B C
• phrasal verbs (fall, turn) The smart home of the future will be a
• prepositions (technology) learning ecosystem 5) aware/acquainted of
• word formation its inhabitants. Residents, wearable devices
▶ Reading will send information such as body
temperature to a control computer. The
• an article about a bionic
man (multiple choice/ home can then 6) determine/designate
comprehension) when they are cold and react accordingly.
Such 7) compliant/adaptable environments
▶ Grammar
will literally care for their occupants.
• future tenses
• degrees of certainty What if we could use our devices without even
• it/there touching them? Motion sensor technology
allows users to 3) interact/interrelate with the
▶ Listening
virtual world by just moving their hands.
• short dialogues (multiple Developers predict that soon most users will be
choice)
4) integrating/interfacing with their devices in
▶ Speaking a way that is entirely touch-free. Personal
• making/responding to computing will never be the same again!
suggestions
• comparing and D
speculating on pictures Nanotechnology is the latest buzzword in research and 8) development/
▶ Writing advancement. Scientists are building nanobots that manipulate matter at
the molecular level. These micro-robots will destroy harmful 9) condiments/
• a proposal
contaminants in polluted water, turning it into safe drinking water. It seems
▶ Language Focus
that environmental problems of pollution may 10) cease/terminate to exist
• words often confused with nanobots.
• collocations
• grammar in focus
▶ Progress Check
2 What are some
other technological
Words of wisdom developments you expect to
“One machine can do the happen in the areas of:
work of fifty ordinary men. personal computing –
No machine can do the work medicine – the environment –
of one extraordinary man.” robots – travel – home living
(Elbert Hubbard) in your lifetime? How will
they impact the world?
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2a Reading How to build

1 The pictures show Rex, the
bionic man. Complete the a
sentences. Use: pulsating,
implants, prosthetic, Rex the bionic man shows how close technology is to catching
self-regulating, artificial. up with – and exceeding – the abilities of the human body.

1 Rex has advanced ....................

He cuts a dashing figure, this gentleman: organs. These new fully integrated
limbs.
nearly seven feet tall and possessed of a artificial body parts are designed to plug
2 Rex’s heart pumps .................... pair of striking brown eyes. With a directly into our own metabolism. In
blood throughout his body. fondness for Ralph Lauren clothing, rap effect, they are not within us, they
music and dining out with friends, Rex is, become us. Take Rex’s pancreas,
3 Rex has cochlear ....................
line 6 in many ways, an unexceptional chap. invented by Prof. Joan Taylor. Like a
in his head, which allow him to Except that he is, in fact, a real-world natural pancreas, this device requires no
‘hear’ sounds. bionic man. Housed within a frame of conscious monitoring – it is implanted
4 Rex has a(n) .......................... state-of-the-art prosthetic limbs is a permanently within the body, potentially
functioning heart-lung system, complete liberating us from the chore of blood
pancreas, so his blood sugar with artificial blood pumping through a sugar monitoring. It is, Prof. Taylor
levels do not require monitoring. network of pulsating arteries. He has a hopes, only a few years from general
5 Rex’s blood circulates through bionic spleen to clean the blood, and an use. Rex’s kidney is, likewise, a self-
a network of ......................... artificial pancreas to keep his blood sugar regulating artificial organ. It requires only
at the right level. Behind deep brown the power of the body’s own blood
arteries, which pump the irises are a pair of retinal implants allowing pressure and performs all the functions
blood around. him to view the inquisitive humans who of a biological kidney. Clinical trials are
meet his gaze. He even has a degree of due to commence very soon.
2 Which of the sentences in Ex. 1 artificial intelligence: talk to him, and he’ll In this future world, will we blur the
do you think are true about listen (through his cochlear implants), boundaries of artificial and natural to an
before using a speech generator to extent that we have to recalibrate our
Rex? Decide in pairs. Then respond – although, like us, he sometimes definition of self and non-self? That’s
read the stumbles over his words. especially pertinent when we consider
newspaper Created by a TV company, DSP , with the the reality of neural prosthetics, such as
help of robotics experts, the bionic man the memory chips developed by Dr
article to was conceived as a response to the Theodore Berger. Many of us are
check. question: how close is bionic technology uncomfortable with the idea of brain
to catching up with, and even implants, but should we be? And will
exceeding, the capabilities of the human broadening our definition of ‘self’ reduce
body? DSP got in touch with Dr Bertolt this discomfort? Bertolt is pleased with
Meyer, a charismatic young Swiss the increasing normalisation, and even
researcher, himself the user of an ‘coolness’, of prosthetics. But he
advanced prosthetic hand, and invited expresses caution about the potential for
him to create a bionic man from scratch. elective use of such technology. It’s one
It’s not the sort of invitation a chap gets thing to use a bionic organ to replace lost
every day, so what made Bertolt agree to function but would we ever choose to
it? ‘My aim was to demonstrate that remove healthy tissue to replace it with a
prosthetics can, instead of conveying a stronger, better prosthetic? Elective use
sense of loss, pity, and awkwardness, would, Bertolt fears, result in market
convey a sense of “wow” and forces becoming more important than
amazement – a positive reaction, if you medical need. In essence, those who can
will,’ he tells me. afford it could build up super-bodies,
The engineering behind modern with the risk that manufacturers would
Check these words prosthetics is certainly mind-boggling. then focus on fulfilling those demands,
They function by placing electrical rather than on less profitable medical
• dashing • pulsating • implant sensors directly in contact with the skin. need. What’s certain, though, is that
• inquisitive • convey • prosthetics These sensors pick up the signals artificial body parts can already restore
• sensor • residual • integrated generated by muscular movements in independence in a way never previously
• metabolism • self-regulating the residual limb - signals that are then possible.
• commence • neural • elective translated by software into natural, Rex is a real world example of how much
• startling intuitive movement in the prosthetic of our bodies could soon be replaceable.
limb.We all know about prosthetic limbs, As an engineering project, he is
even if many of us are not aware of just unparalleled, and as a symbol of future
how sophisticated they now are. Less humanity, he is startling.
familiar, though, is the idea of bionic
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2a
B how straightforward the technology behind
bionic organs is.
C how bionic organs differ from advanced
prostheses.
D how difficult it is to integrate bionic organs into
the human body.
4 What does the writer imply about brain implants?
A They challenge us to re-evaluate who we are.
B We are right to be uncomfortable with the idea.
C The idea is slowly becoming more acceptable.
D Scientists hold wildly different views on them.
5 Bertolt is worried that bionic organ manufacturers
will
A not be able to gain the trust of the general public.
B choose financial gain over helping those truly
in need.
C struggle to get the finances to further develop
Multiple choice their technology.
Quickly read through the text and the question stems D never fully overcome the extreme challenges
only (not the possible answers). Read the text again they face.
carefully and underline the parts which answer the
6 In the final paragraph, the writer implies that the
questions. Now look at the four options and decide
main purpose of the bionic man is
which one best answers the question. Make sure your
A to showcase the work of different robotics
choice is supported in the text and it is not just
companies.
generally true. Remember the correct answer will be
B to prove that technology has exceeded the
phrased differently than in the text.
human body’s abilities.
C to make people less fearful about artificial body
parts.
3 Read again and, for questions 1-6, choose D to demonstrate to people what could soon be
the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Give achieved.
reasons.
Vocabulary Focus
1 The writer refers to Rex as ‘an unexceptional chap’
in line 6 in order to emphasise 4 a) Explain the words in bold. Use your
A his abilities. C his intelligence. dictionaries.
B his humanity. D his appearance.
b) In pairs, explain the meanings of the
2 Why did Bertolt accept the challenge to build Rex? underlined phrases/parts of sentences in the
A He was keen to design an advanced prosthetic text.
hand.
B He felt it would encourage those who’ve lost Text Analysis
limbs.
C He was keen to see how people would react. 5 Answer the questions. Use your own words.
D He wanted to change people’s perceptions.
1 To what extent is Rex like a real human?
3 The writer mentions Rex’s pancreas and kidney in 2 How could the technology used to build Rex
order to illustrate be a cause for concern?
A how new technology will benefit those who need
3 How would you suggest prosthetic
prostheses.
technology and bionic organs be used?

Listening & Speaking Writing

Listen and read the text. In groups of 4, Do you think artificial body parts
hold a debate about whether bionic limbs should be transplanted into the
and organs should be used and if the human body and should such procedures
practice should be elective. Support your be elective? Post your comments to the
viewpoints with reasons/examples. newspaper article.
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2b Vocabulary
Vocabulary from the text Topic vocabulary
1 Choose the correct word. Make Research & Technology
a sentence with the other
word. 3 a) Underline the correct
word.
1 Bionic organs and limbs can 1 No technology has been able to match radar in its ability to
now be fully generated/ allocate/detect/conceive/uncover aircraft.
integrated into our own bodies.
2 The company charges a small fee for the navigation/
2 The trials of the artificial organs innovation/demonstration/installation of a new telephone
will commence/restore next line.
year.
3 This setting will automatically retain/renew/refresh/resolve
3 Scientists expect that bionic your screen at set intervals.
organs will broaden/exceed
4 The research team are trying to develop quieter wind turbines
the capabilities of natural ones.
whose noise isn’t a drawback/detriment/denial/distractor
4 It is hoped that bionic organs to local communities.
will liberate/remove diabetics
from constant blood sugar
monitoring.
b) Match the sentences (1-4) from Ex. 3a to the industry
5 Many find the idea of replacing/ they are related to.
recalibrating human organs
with artificial ones startling. Energy Transportation IT Communication
6 The idea of building the bionic
man was conveyed/conceived
by a TV company.
4 Read the sentences and choose the word in bold that
does not mean the same as the others. Use the chosen
word in another sentence.

1 Scientists have predicted/indicated/hypothesised/

2 Fill in: mind-boggling, intuitive, conjectured that we will all be using self-driving cars in the
pertinent, self-regulating, elective, near future.
conscious. .................................................................................................
2 It’s important to adhere to strict guidelines when overseeing/
1 The cost of ..............................
conducting/carrying out/undertaking research to ensure the
surgeries are not covered by
validity of the results.
most insurance companies as
.................................................................................................
they are considered unnecessary.
3 Doctors are trying to establish what facilitated/triggered/
2 Advances in science have
prompted/initiated the patient’s severe headaches.
produced ...............................
.................................................................................................
organs that use the body’s own
blood pressure to work. 4 Many scientists have disputed/contested/refuted/
contradicted the results of his research but not his methods.
3 I don't see how this research is
.................................................................................................
........................... to the idea of
artificial organ transplants.
4 Modern bionic limbs move in a 5 a) Listen to four people talking about new
natural, ........................... way. technologies. Match the speakers (1-4)
Speaker 1
5 The speed of advances in with the problems (A-D) they believe
technology can help solve. Speaker 2
Artificial Intelligence in recent
years is just ........................... . Speaker 3
A illiteracy C hunger
6 The creators of Rex made a(n) Speaker 4
B disease D air pollution
........................... effort to make
him as human-like as possible.
b) Using the ideas from Ex. 5a, discuss with your
partner how technology will be used in the future to
solve the problems of illiteracy, air pollution, disease and
hunger.

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2b
Everyday computing & Gadgets Prepositions
6 a) Complete the sentences with the verbs in 9 Fill in: for, to, with (x2), from. Check in
the list in the correct form. What do the words Appendix I.
mean in everyday context? Make sentences to
1 Have you been in contact ............. the client
show an alternative usage for each. today about the software upgrade?
• browse • freeze • drag • crash • load 2 I’m not familiar ............. this program.
1 You can use the mouse to ................ the file and 3 I think everyone will benefit ............. the
move it into a new folder. development of automated cars.
2 My computer just ............. and I lost all my work. 4 This new program scans your PC ......... viruses.
3 The screen .............. and the cursor won’t move. 5 Having WiFi means you don’t have to use cables
4 It takes ages to ................ programs on my to connect your computer ............. the Internet.
computer because it’s so slow.
Phrasal verbs
5 Jason ................ the Web for hours looking for a
present for his sister and he still hasn’t found one. 10 Complete the gaps with fall or turn in the
correct form so they match the synonym in
7 a) COLLOCATIONS Fill in the correct word. brackets. Check in Appendix II.

• video • computer 1 Simon .............................. down the job offer at

the software company. (refused)
1) ........................ chat; 2) ........................ interface;
2 I can’t find my smartphone; it must have
3) ............................ buff; 4) ............................ call;
..................... out of my pocket! (dropped from)
5) .................... conferencing; 6) ................... literate
3 Frank ...................... on his Bluetooth to connect
• download • access his wireless headphones to his tablet. (activated)
7) ...................... a file; 8) ...................... your profile; 4 Brian knew he could .............................. back
9) ...................... an application; 10) ...................... on his Biology degree if he needed to. (rely on)
the Internet; 11) .............................. an attachment; 5 Technology is being developed that will
12) ........................... a podcast ......................... any surface into a touchscreen!
(transform into)
b) Answer the questions in pairs.
Word formation
1 What gadgets do you use on a daily basis?
What for? 11 Read the text. Use the words in capitals to
2 How often do you surf the Internet? Why? form a word that fits the gaps (1-8).
3 Do you know how to: download a file/program?
use a scanner? edit a photo? bookmark a web Do you want a Robot?
page? Choose one and describe the Then get a library card!
procedure to the class.
It’s a common belief these days that public libraries
are on the verge of extinction with most books now
Idioms (related to technology)
1) ................................. online. This, however, is not ACCESS
8 Fill in: light years, rocket science, plug, wires the case in the city of Chicago. The city has
crossed, wavelength. Explain the meaning of reinvented its libraries as high-tech hubs with the
the idioms. 2) ................................. of cutting-edge technology INSTALL
such as 3D printers and laser cutters. The constant
1 Bob and Hilary got their .....................................
3) .......................................... of workshops on the AVAILABLE
and showed up at different times!
various technologies 4) ............................... visitors ABLE
2 The design for the self-driving car is .................. to learn to use them. Also, in 5) .............................. PARTNER
ahead of its time.
with a search engine company in Chicago, the
3 I don’t know why Sally is finding it so hard to public library lends out Finch Robots. These
print that document; it’s not ..........................! 6) ................................. gadgets, which are shaped RESIST
4 Jill and Tony make a good team in Science class like cute cartoon stingrays, are 7) ......................... RELATE
because they are on the same ...................... . easy to operate and teach their users about basic
5 I’m afraid our funding has been cut and they’re computer coding. In this way, the library hopes to
pulling the ...................................................... bring 8) ......................... technology into the hands ACT
on the research project. of the public.
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2c Grammar in use
Future tenses see pp. GR4-GR5 c) What tense do we use after time words (when, by the
time, until, before, after, etc.) to refer to the future? Find
1 a) Read the text and choose
an example in the text, then write two more examples of
the correct options.
your own.

2 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct future tense.

Justify your answers.

1 A: Look at the time, Sam! We ................................. (be) late!

B: Sorry, I ...................................................... (grab) my coat.
2 A: I can’t believe we’ve finished the research!
B: I know. This time next week, we ........................................
(present) our findings to the board.
The Final Frontier 3 A: ........................................... (Tracey/come) to the Science
Museum tomorrow like we planned?
There’s one TV programme that has captured the B: I don’t know. I ....................................................................
imagination of audiences for generations. The futuristic (call) her as soon as I ...................................... (finish) work.
technology on the show has inspired scientists for
decades and even seems to have predicted new 4 A: Do you think humans .........................................................
inventions. This programme is Star Trek. (live) on another planet in a hundred years?
B: I’m not sure, but I think we ................................................
Some imaginary gadgets featured on the show that
(discover) life on other earth-like planets by then.
once seemed utterly impossible now exist. One
example is Doctor McCoy’s hi-tech hypospray, which 5 A: Could you help me with my Science project please, Peter?
he used to give injections without needles. Scientists B: Well, I’m busy this evening, but I .......................................
have taken this idea a step further by developing a (give) you a hand tomorrow.
device which they hope 1) is going to inject/will 6 A: ................................................................. (Ted/get) a job in
inject/will have injected liquids at the speed of robotics after his degree?
sound, completely painlessly. B: Oh, he’s already got one! By the end of the year, he
It’s incredible to think that in the not-too-distant future, ........................................... (work) for six months already.
we 2) will be using/will have been using/are using
many of the fantastic medical gadgets shown in Star Other future forms see p. GR5
Trek. However, this isn’t the only industry that’s
reaching for the stars.
3 a) Read the sentences in the box. Which phrases are used
to imply the future? What do they mean in your language?
Star Trek has also inspired space travel. Large
amounts of time, talent and money have been 1 Scientists are on the verge of 3 The professor is due to give a
invested in our dream of following in the footsteps of manufacturing living tissues presentation on robot nurses
Captain Kirk and his crew. Now, all that is paying off using 3D printing. in a few minutes.
and NASA expects that humans 3) are going to have 2 Holly has been studying very 4 When your visitors arrive, they
visited/will have visited/will have been visiting hard, so she is bound to do are to sign in at reception.
other planets by the time we reach the end of the well in her exams.
century.
b) Rewrite the notices/headlines below using the
The 100-Year Starship project also shows how
sci-fi can guide reality. It brings scientists from diverse expressions in Ex. 3a, as in the example.
fields together with science-fiction writers in order to Dr Robinson is to speak on robot intelligence at 9 am in the main
solve the problems that prevent intergalactic space auditorium.
travel. By the end of next year, this project 4) will 1 2
have been running/will have run/will be running for Dr Robinson speaking
four years, and it’s already changing the way we think on Robot Intelligence
about space travel. 9 pm, Main Auditorium
So it seems that Star Trek, with so many ground-
breaking ideas, 5) is going to inspire/will have

TOP SCIENTISTS
inspired/will inspire scientists for many more years 3 4 5
to come.

TO MEET IN ROME
THIS WEEKEND.
b) Identify all the tenses in bold in
Ex. 1a. Explain how we use each.
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2c
see
Degrees of certainty p. GR5 it – there see p. GR5

4 a) Look at the phrases (A-J) 5 Find examples of it/there in the text in Ex. 1. How do we
and put them in order of use these structures?
certainty from the most to the
least likely.
6 a) Insert it or there in the correct place.

A I’m positive it will 1 Mark made clear that he didn’t want anyone to touch his
smartphone.
B There’s no way we will
2 Is any reason we won’t explore the galaxy in the future?
C I’m almost certain
3 I find exciting that science may give humans bionic body parts
D It’s unlikely that we will
in the future!
E I’m fairly sure
4 If is life on other planets, I think we should look for.
F I suppose we
5 I don’t know if is a chance that we will all have self-driving cars
G I doubt if in the near future.
H It’s possible that 6 I like when the whole family watches a film together.
I There’s not much chance
J I wouldn’t be surprised if we had b) Rewrite the sentences to make them sound more
natural by using it or there, as in the example.
b) Replace the words in bold in 1 To go to the lecture about nanotechnology would be interesting.
the sentences about the future It would be interesting to go to the lecture about nanotechnology.
with synonymous phrases from 2 Experts now think that water exists on Mars.
the box in Ex. 4a.
3 To buy an SLR camera if you don’t know how to use one
In fifty years’ time: is a bad idea.
1 maybe people will have bionic 4 Does this café offer free Internet access?
bodies. ........... 5 Robots totally replacing humans seems unlikely.
2 we probably won’t have 6 A few similarities between sci-fi films and real life now exist.
transporter technology. ...........
3 I’m nearly sure people will live Key word transformations
longer. ...........
4 I’m certain we won’t all be
7 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same
as the first, using the word in capitals. Use between three
flying spaceships. ...........
and six words.
5 I don’t think we will move to
another planet. ........... 1 Daniel hates being interrupted by the telephone while he’s
studying. WHEN
6 I’m pretty sure doctors will
Daniel .............................................. him while he’s studying.
have cured many diseases.
........... 2 There’s no way we will be visiting virtual doctors in the next
five years. CERTAIN
7 there’s a chance that we
might be exploring other In the next five years, I’m .............................. virtual doctors.
planets. ........... 3 I’m certain Andy will win the Young Inventors’ competition.
8 it’s definitely going to get BOUND
hotter. ........... Andy ................................. the Young Inventors’ competition.
9 we might have our own robots. 4 Next month, the company will be celebrating ten years in the
........... field of robotics. WORKING
By this time next month, the company ...................................
10 I don’t believe that aliens will be
in the field of robotics for ten years.
living on Earth. ...........
5 I doubt that Robyn can’t send an email. HARD
I find .................................... that Robyn can’t send an email.
c) SPEAKING Make

predictions about your future. 8 ICT SPEAKING Research online about gadgets of the
Use the phrases in Ex. 4a to tell future. Choose one and say what it would be used for.
the class. Present it to the class.
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2d Listening skills
Multiple choice – short extracts Agreeing/Disagreeing with an opinion
Preparing for the task Agreeing Disagreeing
• You’re absolutely right. • That’s not entirely true/right.
• I think so too. • I’m afraid I must take issue
Read each rubric to get an idea of what you are going to • That’s all too true. with you on that.
hear. Then, read the questions and answers, and think • I don’t think so either. • On the contrary, …
about what you will listen for e.g. specific information, • I’m not so sure about that.
the speaker’s purpose, feelings, attitudes & opinions, etc.
Remember, information may come from anywhere in the
extract and be paraphrased. Listen carefully to the entire 3 Listen and for questions 1-6, choose the
dialogue before choosing your answers. answer (A, B or C) which fits best.

Extract one
You hear two teachers talking about a learning
1 a) Read the rubric and questions 1 and 2.
resource.
Underline the key words. What is each
1 What does the woman suggest is a drawback of
question asking about?
interactive whiteboards?
A They can cause some students to feel isolated.
You hear two people talking about young
B They take a little more work to get right.
children and technology.
C They are a major distraction for students.
1 Both speakers feel that young children
2 Why does the woman mention the use of calculators?
A cannot handle responsibility.
A to show that the situation is unlike anything
B are well situated to absorb information.
else
C should be exposed to technology.
B to emphasise the need for change
2 What do the speakers disagree on? C to demonstrate her knowledge of the subject
A Children are too young to learn about
technology. Extract two
B Children find it difficult to understand things. You overhear two friends talking about some new
C Children should not be given so much technology in their old school.
freedom. 3 How does the woman feel about the introduction of
the new technology?
A She never thought it would happen.
b) Read questions 1 and 2 in Ex. 1a again.
B She doesn’t believe there’s a budget for it.
Then read the extract to find what the C She thought it should have been done sooner.
speakers agree/disagree on. Now answer 4 What does the man think is the main advantage?
the questions. A making the school day easier
B increasing motivation
Woman: I find it quite disturbing that there are C improving essential skills
smartphones on the market aimed at primary school
children. I don’t think it’s good for them to have access Extract three
to that kind of smart technology at such a young age. You hear part of a radio discussion about young
Man: Oh, I don’t know about that. Technology is such people and the study of science.
a big part of our lives these days. I think it’s important 5 Both speakers feel that many young people lose
for them to learn about it when they’re young, when interest in science because
they find it easier to take in what they’re exposed to. A they don’t find their lessons exciting enough.
Woman: I’ll go along with that.Young people are more B it seems irrelevant to their professional lives.
adept at learning things, but I don’t believe the C they aren’t receiving adequate careers advice.
freedom and responsibility that goes with having a 6 What does the woman feel would best promote
mobile is something they should be entrusted with the further study of science?
until they are old enough to understand it. A visits to schools from science experts
B work experience in science professions
C students working together in classes

2 Look at the underlined phrases in the extract

in Ex. 1b. Which expresses agreement/
disagreement? Replace them with sentences 4 What could schools do to make
from the Useful Language box. science more interesting? Discuss in groups.
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Speaking skills 2e
Making/Responding to suggestions Comparing & Speculating on pictures
1 Read the first exchange. What is the
dialogue about?
Comparing pictures
When you are asked to compare two pictures from a
2 Complete the gaps (1-6) with the phrases: It
choice of three, decide on the two pictures you want to
might be a good idea to, What are your thoughts,
talk about. Make a general comment about the photos
Have you considered, We could I suppose, I couldn’t being mainly similar or different. Then compare/contrast
agree with you more, I see what you mean but. the main points (places, people, feelings) in detail and
Listen and check. speculate about the situations in the pictures.

Angie: Tony, Director Collins has asked for suggestions

on how to raise the profile of the college using
4 The pictures (A-C) show different ways of
learning. What can you see in each picture?
the Internet. 1) .............................................?
Tony: Well, I think the existing website needs
C
updating. 2) ............................................. A
improve the web design and include
interviews with current students.
Angie: 3) ............................................. . The website
definitely needs a makeover. Including
interviews with students would show why they
B
enjoy studying at the college. What about
promoting the college on social networks?
Tony: 4) ............................................. young
people use social media more for socialising
with friends and I’m not that sure they would
pay attention to a college advert.
5) ............................................. creating a 5 Compare two of the pictures and say:
video channel on a video sharing website?
Angie: Hmm. 6) ....................................................... . • How are these technologies used for learning?
How does that work? • What are the benefits of these ways of learning?
Tony: Well, we would upload eye-catching videos
Use the phrases in the Useful Language box
about the college and potential students could
follow the channel to see more videos. below.
Angie: I see. Let’s write down our ideas and present Comparing
them to Director Collins. • Both pictures are similar as they show ...
• In the first picture ..., whereas in the second one ...

3 In pairs act out similar dialogues using • The most striking difference/similarity between the
two pictures is ... • In a similar way ...
phrases from the Useful Language box and
the ideas below. Speculating
• hold an open day • update prospectus • I suppose/imagine/assume that ... • I’m convinced
• run a stall at college fair that ... • I can’t be sure/certain, but ...

Making a suggestion Inviting a response

• It might be a good idea to • What are your thoughts? 6 Listen to Bob doing the task. Compare
his performance to that of your partner.
... • Have you considered • What’s your feeling/view
Assess your partner in terms of: grammar
... (-ing) • Why don’t ... about this? • Any ideas?
and vocabulary – discourse management –
Accepting a suggestion/idea
pronunciation.
• Great, I hadn’t thought of that. • I couldn’t agree
with you more. • Yes, we could, I guess.
Which way of learning in Ex. 4 is
Rejecting a suggestion/idea
the most effective? Tell your partner, giving
• I see what you mean, but ... • That’s a fair point but ... reasons.
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2f Writing Proposals

General introduction 2 Read the model and fill in the missing

A proposal is a formal, informative piece of writing words/phrases in the list.
which outlines plans and/or suggestions for a future • as to how • As requested • Finally
course of action, and is submitted for approval to a • Consequently • I propose • In summary
superior at work, a local council, a college • In addition • it would be beneficial
headmaster, a peer group such as colleagues or club
• To begin with
members, etc.

General outline for proposals To: Mr Fraser, director

Beginning ▶ state who the proposal is to and From: Maria Angelo
from, the subject and the date Subject: funding to improve technology
Introduction Date: 22nd March
Para 1 ▶ state purpose & content of proposal
Main body A Introduction
Paras 2-4 ▶ present each aspect under separate 1) .............................. , I am submitting this proposal to make
subheadings suggestions 2) ...................... funds for improving technology
Conclusion facilities should be used for maximum benefit to students.
Para 5 ▶ summarise the points made in the B Classrooms
main body and if necessary express
3) ..............................., the school is lacking up-to-date
your own opinion
technologies in classrooms. Students are unable to access
Formal style characteristics the latest programs because of the extremely old machines
• complex sentence structure, (e.g. Presently, the on site. I believe that 4) ............................... to update all
computer system and most of the other equipment classrooms with tablets and interactive whiteboards. This way,
are incredibly outdated, which is a cause of students will be able to take notes and do online research and
frustration for many members of staff.) teachers will be able to use the whiteboards to make the
• advanced vocabulary (e.g. It is everyone’s lessons more interactive and interesting.
responsibility to protect school property.) C Library
• advanced phrasal verbs (e.g. It is essential we 5) ............................... , although the school library has a
find ways to bring about improvements.) number of computers, most of them are outdated. Therefore,
• full verb forms (e.g. It is my firm belief that we I would strongly recommend the school replace the existing
should employ a technician to help oversee the computers and install a multi-media room in the library. It can
installation of new equipment.)
be equipped with new computers, a projector and a large
• formal linking words/phrases (e.g. What is
screen. 6) ............................... , students will be able to
more, some students have expressed concern about
collaborate on shared projects and make audio-visual
the lack of school facilities.)
presentations there.
• impersonal tone (e.g. It would be a good idea
to upgrade the computer system in the office.) D Online platform
• frequent use of passive forms (e.g. Some 7) .............................. , other than a school website, students
available funds could be used to improve the do not have additional academic support outside of school
office environment.) hours. Therefore, 8) ............................... the school creates
an online platform where both teachers and students can
share information about lessons. Teachers, for instance, can
Understanding the rubric post homework assignments and extra study materials for
1 Read the rubric and answer the questions. students to access. As a result, students can share notes and
collaborate on group projects online.
E Conclusion
The director of the school where you are studying English,
9) ............................... , I suggest that the funding should be
Mr Fraser, has received funding to improve technology
used mainly to update technologies in school classrooms and
facilities at the school and has invited students to send
install a multi-media room in the library as well as create an
him a proposal suggesting how the money should be
spent. In your proposal you must evaluate the school’s online platform accessible by teachers and students. I expect
existing facilities, suggest what improvements could be that this will help maintain students’ interest levels and
made and outline the likely benefits for students. Write enhance learning during their lessons and study time.
your proposal in 220-260 words.

1 Who are you and who are you writing to? 3 In pairs, find examples of formal language in
2 What is the purpose of your piece of writing? the proposal. Then think of an alternative
3 What style should you write in? heading for each paragraph.
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2f
Useful Expressions/Linkers for 6 a) Read the beginnings (1-2). What do you
Main Body Paragraphs think the purpose of each proposal is?
To list points: • Firstly/ First of all/ To begin with
• Secondly • Thirdly • Lastly/Finally 1
To add more points: • In addition/Additionally To: Mrs Harper, Headteacher
• What is more • Furthermore • Also • as well
From: Gina Stewart
• too
Subject: Careers fair
To provide reason and cause: • because (of)
• as • since • due to • owing to • on account of Date: 15th January

To introduce examples/details: • For example/ Introduction

for instance • In particular/Particularly • such as/ As requested, I am writing this proposal to make
including/namely suggestions as to what should be included in a career
To contrast: • however • although • whereas/on fair at the school and how these things will benefit
the other hand students.
To introduce effect/result: • Consequently/
As a result • In this way • This way • In doing so
• Therefore • Thus • For this reason
2
To: Mr Rogers, School Director
From: Kevin Brown, student
4 Read the table above. Replace the linkers in
Subject: Proposed Lab Improvements
bold in the model in Ex. 2 with other
appropriate ones from the box. Date: 4th February

Purpose
This is a report compiled in order to evaluate the
5 Choose the correct linker. What is each used
school’s existing science laboratory and make
for?
suggestions for improvements in order to provide
1 In this way/What is more, some employees maximum benefits to students.
are concerned about the lack of equipment in
the office.
2 In particular/Although, work is done more
efficiently as users can share applications and
b) Match the beginnings (1-2) to the
data quickly and easily. endings (A-B). Discuss in pairs what you
3 Secondly/To begin with, it is necessary to might expect to find in the main bodies of
discuss how computers have become essential each proposal. What possible headings
in classrooms as a learning resource. might be included?
4 Therefore/Whereas, students can achieve
instant communication with other class
A Conclusion
members with just a click of a mouse.
To conclude, it is my firm belief that while the existing
5 Whereas/As a result, students can experience
laboratory is on the whole in satisfactory condition,
a wealth of new learning material online.
we can further upgrade it by obtaining the latest high
6 Productivity in the office is low, owing to/ quality supplies and equipment to make science
namely the fact that the company computers lessons more interesting and effective for students.
are slow and outdated.
7 Since/In doing so, students will be able to use
the latest technology such as webcams to B Recommendations
interact with students abroad.
In summary, by planning well, inviting effective guest
8 Although/As the costs for upgrading the office speakers and setting up stands to introduce
equipment are fairly high, the future financial students to potential employers, I feel certain that
benefits will be considerable. the fair will be extremely beneficial to the students’
career preparation.

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2f
Future & Hypothetical
Style in writing proposals
constructions
Always keep in mind who the target reader is. This will influence the
Proposals always refer to events that
style your proposal will be written in. Avoid using jargon or unnecessarily
should, might or will happen. We
complex language.
mostly use future and hypothetical
constructions:
• future simple tense e.g. By 8 a) Read the two extracts. Which is written in the correct
upgrading the computer system in style? Why?
the office, we will increase overall
efficiency. Technology in schools
• future continuous tense e.g. As
a result of online advertising, the A Presently, some schools have brought in compulsory tablets for children.
company will be reaching I suggest that all students should be encouraged to use tablets in the
customers all over the world. classroom. This way, students not only become computer literate but
• future perfect tense e.g. By creating also acquire skills needed to enter the workforce.
an online shop, the company will
In addition, in order to remedy the information imbalance in textbooks,
have increased its profits by 30% by B
I propose they should be replaced with tablets altogether. This will bring
the end of the year.
many benefits as students can use the cloud and will not be obliged to
• modals e.g. This should/could/
might result in fewer software bugs. carry textbooks. Thus, they will become computer savvy technistas who
can use mobile operating systems such as iOS. As a result, students’
Certain verbs such as propose, intend,
interest levels and learning experiences will be boosted.
expect, hope, predict, forecast, look
forward to, anticipate are also
commonly used to suggest the future.
Adjectives are used to make b) Read the section of a proposal and replace the
collocations with a future meaning underlined words/phrases with the more
e.g. the proposed improvements, the advanced/formal language from the list.
potential hazards, the future plans,
any foreseeable problems, in the • enable them to grasp the benefits of following a scientific career
coming days/weeks, etc • could also entice them • dynamic science professionals
• An effective method of heightening students’ interest
• As a result, they would gain insight into • placements

7 Choose the correct words/

Motivating students
phrases.
1) One great way to get students more interested in
1 The office should/would install science and technology would be to offer them work
an online network to back up experience 2) jobs with science professionals.
documents. As a result, we 3) This would give them the chance to see the
anticipate/intend fewer essential role of scientists in society and 4) help
documents will be lost. them realise why it would be good to become a
2 I expect the potential/proposed scientist. Inviting 5) lively and interesting workers into
improvements to the computer schools to speak to students 6) would also maybe
room will be completed/will make them like science or technology.
have been completed by the
end of the summer. This way
any unforeseen/coming
problems will be avoided at the
9 a) Read the rubric and answer the questions.

beginning of the school year. Your are studying in an exchange programme at a college in the
3 By creating a website for the UK. The college is planning a Science and Technology week and the
shop, we can look forward to/ head teacher, Mr Albertson, has asked for proposals suggesting
propose increased sales in the what kinds of activities should be planned and how they would
future/coming year. benefit the students. Write your proposal in 220-260 words.
4 I suggest/predict the company
1 What is the purpose of your proposal?
should create an online help desk
2 Who is the target reader?
for clients. Consequently, clients
3 What style should you write in?
will receive/will be receiving
4 What information should you include in your proposal?
faster service in the future.
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2f
b) Look at the two plans below. Which plan do you think Useful Language
is best for the rubric in Ex. 9a? Why?
Introduction
• The purpose/aim/intention of this
A B proposal is to evaluate/outline/suggest/
(Para 1) State why you are present/discuss the future plans/the
(Para 1) State the problem.
writing the proposal. intended course of action…
(Paras 2-4) Give examples of past
(Paras 2-4) Suggest activities • This proposal is submitted in support
school activities and say
under separate of our request for approval of .../for
how they affected
subheadings indicating permission to ...
students.
how they would benefit • This is a proposal compiled in order to
(Para 5) Suggest a few activities
the students. suggest/present/access/evaluate ...
explaining how they could
(Para 5) Summarise your ideas. • As requested, I am submitting/writing
benefit the students.
this proposal in order to ...
To make suggestions/recommendations
• I (would) (strongly) suggest/
recommend that ...
• I believe that it would be very beneficial/
helpful/worthwhile to (students) to ...
• Another/A further suggestion/
possibility would be to ...
• It is my (strong) belief that ... would ...
Conclusion
• To conclude/To sum up/In summary/All
in all/In conclusion, our intention is to ...
• The advantage(s) of the approach
proposed would be that ...
• I feel certain/believe that the course of
action proposed above will achieve .../
answer the needs of the ...
10 a) Read the headings 1-4. Match them to the details (a-d). • I hope/trust that the plan/scheme
outlined/presented in this proposal
meets with your approval
1 Class trips to science museum
2 Science competitions
3
4
Presentations from professionals
Visits to science workplaces
Checklist
When you finish your piece of writing, check
a could invite into classrooms to put subjects in context – that:
perform ‘shows’ or experiments – highlight fun side of science • the beginning states who it is to and from
b has four floors of interactive exhibits & excellent reviews and contains the subject and date
c could work in groups to carry out experiments/invent • the proposal presents a clear outline
something etc • appropriate introductory and concluding
d shadow a professional for a day – question them about their job paragraphs are used
• the writing is well-organised and coherent
(paragraphs under headings)
b) Listen to two people discussing the topic in Ex. 9a. • the content is relevant to the task
Which of the points in Ex. 10a do they mention? • all points asked for in the rubric are
included
• the appropriate register & style is used
11 Listen again. What benefits have they mentioned? (advanced/formal)
Make notes in your notebook. • there is a range of persuasive language
• grammar and spelling is used accurately
(future and hypothetical constructions)
12 Use the ideas in Exs 10a & 11, phrases from the Useful
• there is a range of rich vocabulary
Language box and appropriate linkers to write your
• the target reader is fully informed
proposal. Follow the correct plan from Ex. 9b.
CLIL/Culture A p. CC1 35