JHS

Elective Mathematics 9
Fourth Quarter
Week 4 Module
Double-Angle Identities

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After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. To develop and use double-angle identities

Some cases of the sum and difference identities are used so often that they are given
special names. The first group consists of the double-angle identities.

The identities for sin(𝛼 + 𝛽), cos(𝛼 + 𝛽), 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) can be used to derive identities
for sin 2𝛼, cos 2𝛼, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 2𝛼.

sin(𝛼 + 𝛽) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛽

sin(𝛼 + 𝛼) = sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 + cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝛽 = 𝛼
sin 2𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼

cos(𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛽

cos(𝛼 + 𝛼) = cos 𝛼 cos 𝛼 − sin 𝛼 sin 𝛼 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝛽 = 𝛼
cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

tan 𝛼+tan 𝛽
tan (𝛼 + 𝛽 = 1−tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽)

tan 𝛼+tan 𝛼
tan(𝛼 + 𝛼) = 1−tan 𝛼 tan 𝛼 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝛽 = 𝛼
2 tan 𝛼
tan 2𝛼 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼

Two alternate forms of cos 2𝛼 can be derived using 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 1.

Alternate Form 1 (cosine form) Alternate Form (sine form)

cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 cos 2𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼) = (1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 − 1 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼

Double-Angle Identities
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶
𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝜶 = , 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶 ≠ ±𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 − 𝟏
𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜶

𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶

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EXAMPLE 1
4
If sin 𝛼 = − 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 270° < 𝛼 < 360°, find the exact value of each:

a. sin 2𝛼
b. cos 2𝛼
c. tan 2𝛼

4
sin 𝛼 = − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑉.
5
Use 𝑦 = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 5, and find the value of x.
𝑥 = ±√(5)2 − (−4)2 = ±√9 = ±3

3 4
Since 𝛼 is in quadrant IV, 𝑥 = 3. Thus, cos 𝛼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 tan 𝛼 = − .
5 3

a.) sin 2𝛼
sin 2𝛼 = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
4 3
= 2 (− ) ( )
5 5
12
= 2 (− 25)
24
= − 25

b.) cos 2𝛼
cos 2𝛼 = 1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
4 2
= 1 − 2 (− )
5
16
= 1 − 2 (25)
32
=1−
25
25 32
= 25 − 25
25−32
=
25
7
= − 25

c.) tan 2𝛼
2 tan 𝛼
tan 2𝛼 = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
4
2(− )
3
= 4 2
1−(− )
3
8
−
3
= 16
1−
9
8
−
3
= 7
−
9

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 8 9
=− ∙−
3 7
24
= 7

Formulas for multiples of angle measures follow from the double-angle identities.

EXAMPLE 2

Derive an identity for cos 3𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 cos 𝜃.

cos 3𝜃 = cos(2𝜃 + 𝜃)
= cos 2𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin 2𝜃 sin 𝜃
= (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 − 1) cos 𝜃 − (2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) sin 𝜃
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 − 2(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃) cos 𝜃
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃
= 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃

The double-angle identities can be used to prove other identities.

EXAMPLE 3

2 tan 𝛼
Prove: sin 2𝛼 =
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼

2 tan 𝛼
sin 2𝛼 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼
2 tan 𝛼
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼
2 sin 𝛼
sin 𝛼 1
cos 𝛼
1 tan 𝛼 = cos 𝛼 , 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛼
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝛼

2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 Multiply numerator and denominator by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼.

= sin 2𝛼
2 tan 𝛼
Thus, sin 2𝛼 = 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼.

A. Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false.

1. cos 2(20°) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 40° − 1

2. sin(−50°) = 2 sin(−25°) cos(−25°)
3. cos 70° = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 35° − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 35°
2 tan 45°
4. tan 2(45°) = 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 45°

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B. Write each expression in terms of a trigonometric function of one angle.
1. 2 sin 35° cos 35°

2 tan 22.5°
2. 1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 22.5°

C. Use the double-angle identities to find the exact value of each trigonometric
function.
3
1. 𝐼𝑓 cos 𝛼 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0° < 𝛼 < 90°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 cos 2𝛼.

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2. 𝐼𝑓 tan 𝛼 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0° < 𝛼 < 90°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 tan 2𝛼.

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3. 𝐼𝑓 sin 𝛼 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90° < 𝛼 < 180°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 sin 2𝛼.

Double-Angle Identities
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶
𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜶 , 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜶 ≠ ±𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 − 𝟏

𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝜶 = 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶

A. Use the double-angle identities to find the exact value of each trigonometric
function.
3
1. 𝐼𝑓 sin 𝛼 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0° < 𝛼 < 90°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 cos 2𝛼.
3
2. 𝐼𝑓 sin 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90° < 𝜃 < 180°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 cos 2𝜃.
5
3
3. 𝐼𝑓 tan 𝛼 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0° < 𝛼 < 90°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 tan 2𝛼.
5
4. 𝐼𝑓 cos 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 270° < 𝜃 < 360°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 tan 2𝜃.
13
4
5. 𝐼𝑓 cos 𝛼 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 270° < 𝛼 < 360°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 sin 2𝛼.
5
6. 𝐼𝑓 sin 𝛼 = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 90° < 𝛼 < 180°, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 sin 2𝛼.

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 Prove each identity.

1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛽
1. cos 2𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝛽

1+cos 2𝛽
2. cot 𝛽 =
2 sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽

1 sin 2𝜃 cos 𝜃−cos 2𝜃 sin 𝜃

3. cos 𝜃
= sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

1
4. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛽 = 2 (1 − cos 2𝛽)

cot 𝛽+tan 𝛽
5. sec 2𝛽 = cot 𝛽−tan 𝛽

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References:
Jerome D. Hayden and Bettye C. Hall (1993) Prentice Hall Trigonometry. Low Price
Edition
Mirla S. Esparrago and Nestor V. Reyes, Jr. (2004) Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry
and Statistics. Phoenix Publishing House , Inc.

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