Shell and Tube Heat

Exchangers
Baher Elsheikh
March 2022

Part 01
 Introduction to Heat Exchangers
Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger is a type of exchangers used to transfer thermal energy between
two fluids. The two fluids are not indirect contact; one pass in the tubes and the other in the shell.

Shell and Tube Heat exchangers are one of the most common equipment found in all oil and gas
plants, petrochemical and power plants.

Animation from: gfycat.com

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use
Construction and Main Parts of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Tube Inlet Shell Inlet Floating Head

Shell
Baffle
Tube Bundle

Tube Outlet Shell Outlet

Channel Shell cover

Floating Head Tube Heat Exchangers

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022
 Classification: General Business Use
Construction and Main Parts of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

U Tube Heat Exchangers

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use
Construction and Main Parts of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Tube Bundle
Gasket Split ring Spacer
Pass Partition Gasket Gasket
Baffles Gasket

Stationery Floating Floating Shell Cover

Channel Tube sheet Tube sheet Head

Shell

Floating Head
Detail

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use
Construction and Main Parts

Graphics by
Siemens Simcenter

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher2022

Baher Elsheikh – March Elsheikh
 Function and Classification

Heat Exchanger: Both sides single phase and process stream

Cooler: One stream process fluid and the other cooling media (water / air)

Heater: One stream process fluid and the other heating utility (steam)

Condenser: One stream condensing vapor and the other cooling media (water / air)

Reboiler: One stream bottom stream from distillation column and the other a hot utility of process stream

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Applications in Process Plants

Ammonia Plant

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use

Atmospheric Distillation
Unit (ADU)

Applications in Process
Plants

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

Photo from: www.enggcyclopedia.com
 Applications in Process Plants
Sulfur Recovery Unit
By KBR

www.researchgate.net

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use
Applications in Process Plants
Kettle Reboiler of
Distillation Towers

Distillation set-ups typically

use condensers to condense
distillate vapors back into
liquid

Photo from: www.flickr.com

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Applications in Process Plants
Surface Condenser

The function of a surface condenser is to create the lowest

possible turbine or process operating back pressure while
condensing steam. The condensate generated is usually
recirculated back into the boiler and reused

This condensing effect is a rapid change in state from a gas to

a liquid. This change in state results in a great reduction in
specific volume and it is this reduction in volume that creates
the vacuum in the condenser.

A vacuum venting system is utilized to support the condenser

vacuum by continually removing any air entering the system

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Applications in Process Plants
Steam Turbines
Surface Condenser

www.sciencedirect.com

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Applications in Process Plants
Centrifugal Compressors

Intercoolers &
After Coolers

www.ingersollrand.com

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Applications in Process Plants

Being part of reactors

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Classification: General Business Use
Applications in Process Plants

Falling film
evaporator

Falling-film
evaporators are
vertical shell-and-tube
heat exchangers that
are usually steam-
heated on the shell
side. The liquid flows
downwards along the
inner walls of the
tubes and is thus
partially evaporated

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 2 TEMA
1
3
TYPES
BEN

TEMA FIGURE N-1.2

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 A - Type B - Type C - Type

Front Head

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Shell Types

F - Type K - Type

E - Type J - Type
Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022
 Rear End Head Types

M - Type S - Type T - Type

Fixed Tubesheet Floating Head Pull-Through
Floating Head

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

 Example

AES
Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022
 Example

AKT
Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022
 Multi-Pass Floating Head Heat Exchanger

Pull Through
Longitudinal Baffle
Floating Head

AFT

Heat Exchangers Training Course Baher Elsheikh – March 2022

End of Part 1
Thanks
Baher Elsheikh

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Baher Elsheikh @