PROJECT PROPOSAL

INSTALLATION OF WATER DISPENSER

a. Management

b. Financial Aspect

c. Technical Aspect

BENEFICIARIES : Students and the community of the Province of Biliran

PROPONENT :

 Good hydration improves concentration and health

V. PROJECT PROPONENT

risk of fire, electrical shock, or injury

Project Components

PROJECT PROPOSAL

NAVAL STATE UNIVERSITY

LOCATION :

access to a chilled water supply, which is essential all year round

Project Impact

Opportunities

access to freshly filtered drinking water

*provide potable water service at NSU

*protect the local population of the school and the community from brunt diseases

The purpose of the Water Dispenser is to improve our services and provide the NSU constituents and stakeholder’s easy
access and sufficient water in the campus.

IV. Project Description

FUNDING PROJECT COST :

Php 19,200.00

A. General Objective

B. Specific Objectives

C. Project Impact

D. Threats

E. Opportunities
F. Sustainable Mechanism

Sustainable Mechanism

B. Specific Objectives

1. To provide an adequate and safe drinking water to the graduate school students and Clients of NSU Registrar’s Office.

2. To help increase students’ and clients overall water consumption and maintain hydration.

For the highest quality and best tasting water, water dispenser must have a routine cooler sanitizing and maintenance
program.

II. RATIONALE

III. OBLECTIVE:

To provide potable water to all users including the faculty & staff, students, and visitors of Naval State University.

contamination of the faucet since it is open to any obstruction or aerial bacteria

VIII. PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Project Breakdown

Water Dispenser (x 2) P 16,000.00

Water (x 2) 80.00

Other Miscellaneous Project Expenses 3,120.00

Total Project Cost P 19,200.00

Registrar and Graduate School’s Lobby, Administration Building,

NSU Naval, Biliran

VI. PLAN OF ACTION

A. General Objective

To maintain and improve customer satisfaction to the students and clients while waiting in queue by providing safe
drinking water preferably hot and cold water at the NSU Graduate School Campus and at the at the NSU Registrar’s Office.

MPM students of the Prac I-Project Development class, 1st semester, AY 2016-2017 under Dr. Nisa T. Lumbab.

Threats

The project on “Installing Water Dispenser at the Office of the Registrar and the Graduate School’s Lobby” will address the
limited access of drinking water in the university campus particularly in the service areas of the Registrar’s Office and the
Graduate School.

VII. BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS

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A Gulayan Sa Paaralan Project Proposal

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A PROJECT
PROPOSAL
TO A
GULAYAN SA
PAARALAN
Leodigaria Laud-
Reyno
Mananao Elementary
SchoolSan Manuel
District (Isabela)
1. INTRODUCTION
:One of the priority
projects of the
Department of
Education is the
improvement of
thenutritional status of
school children. Every
school was advised to
give supplemental
feeding.Budget of
which is taken from
the 35% of the school
canteen proceed. The
minimal amountcould
not suffice the
finances of the agenda
so that schools were
encouraged to put up
Gulayansa Paaralan to
augment the funds
and to met the
objective.From these,
Mananao Elementary
School is in dire need
of fund to finance
the GulayanProject.
Thus, the
administrator and
stakeholders of this
school humbly request
for aSupplemental
Grant to sustain the
needs of 152 pupils
from Kindergarten to
Grade VIspecifically
the 15 children under
the Severely Wasted
Nutritional Status.
THE PROJECT
1.1.
 
Project Title:
Gulayan sa Paaralan
Project
 1.2.
 
Target Beneficiaries:
152 Pupils
Specifically 15
Children Under
Severely
Wasted Nutritional
Status1.3.
 
Project Time Frame:
May 7, 2014 to
March, 20151.4.
 
Total Project Cost: Ph
p10,000.00
THE
PROPONENT:1.5.
 
LEODIGARIA L.
REYNO
School Principal II1.6.
 
Mananao Elementary
School,Sitio
Mananao, District I,
San Manuel,
Isabela1.7.
 
Contact Persons:
Leodigaria L. Reyno-
School HeadLeonora
C. Bumangalag-
Coordinator1.8.
 
Contact Numbers:
09175168271 090681
94461
2.
 
JUSTIFICATION
FOR GRANT
REQUEST2.1.
 
RATIONALE
Mananao Elementary
School is one of the
schools of San Manuel
District, Isabela.
Itis located at the
western part of the
town. It is at the
Northeastern part of
Mararigue,San
Manuel, Isabela and
South of Sitio
Fernandez, District
III, San Manuel,
Isabela.It is at the core
of Villa Faustino Dy
Subdivision where the
municipal government
used for ‘Pabahay
Program’
 for squatters in town
.
This School is
considered to be
oneof the depressed
schools in the town of
San Manuel. It has a
vast agricultural land
butfew of the people
own it. They only
work as helpers to the
owners and earning
meager income where
most of their
children’s education
needs is being
sacrificed just
to meet their basic
needs.With the
consequences stated
above, there is a need
to help these families
tohave earned
additional income thru
planting of vegetables
in school. Harvests
shall beused for
supplemental feeding
to severely
wasted children.
TM Solar Water Pumping Project Ghana Joint Project of: World Vision and the Always On Solar™ Project (Rotary and the
Northwest Solar Group) Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 ©Report submitted
by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 2 - Ghana Solar Water Pumping Project Table of Contents
Cover Page .........................................................................…...1 Table of Contents……………………………………………...2 Overview
of Project……………………………………….......3 Map of Ghana…………………………………………………5 Budget
Summary………………………………………….......6 Project Sites Sindigu………………………………………………..7 The Community Water
needs……………........8 Site Schematic…………………………….…..9 Calculations……………………………….…10 Pump statistics and
projected volumes……....13 Ying………………………………………………….14 The Community Water needs…………….….15 Site
Schematic……………………………….16 Calculations………………………………….17 Pump statistics and projected volumes………20
Kpalba………………………………………………. The Community Water needs………………..21 Site Schematic……………………………….24
Calculations………………………………….25 Pump statistics and projected volumes………28 Detailed budget and list of materials
needed………………..29 Why we chose Solar Power for this project…………………33 Solar System
Schematic/description/Specifications………...34 Reference documentation …………………………………. Solar and Climate Data
Table…………………..……41 Data Set from all Sites………………………….........44 Always On Solar™ is a joint project between the
Rotary Club of Federal Way and the North West Solar Group. Both are non-profit 501-C3 organizations that seek to improve
the lives of people by providing clean energy where it is needed most. Contact them through Brad Burkhartzmeyer at
[email protected] Acknowledgements go to Rajiv Nagaich for use of the “Always On” name and to Walt Ratterman
from Sun Energy Power International for the basic outline provided by this report in his publication Solar Pumping Systems
– Introductory and Feasibility Guide (www.sunEPI.org) ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™
October 2008 - 3 - Ghana Solar Water Pumping Project Overview There is a need for pumping water from wells bored in
northern Ghana. Many of the people in rural Ghana are subsistence farmers who rely on intermittent sources of water for
their domestic needs. Many new wells have been bored (by World Vision) in these rural areas of Ghana. Most of these
wells have been equipped with hand pumps. There are some situations where the hand pumping is not feasible and a
mechanized pumping system would better provide for the domestic water needs of the community. These wells are
located a great distance from the community or are located in a swampy area that cannot be accessed on foot. It is to
these sites that our team from the U.S. was taken by members of World Vision Ghana. We conducted a feasibility study for
mechanizing bore wells with solar powered pumps to provide water for the community in the Northern Regions of Ghana
in August 2008. This study was commissioned in order to launch a joint World Vision (WV)/Rotary project aimed at
extending access to clean water in electricity scarce regions of northern Ghana. A small team from the United States—Brad
Burkhartzmeyer (Solar Technical Expert), Dhaval Dhru (Rotary Federal Way Representative), and John Stiefel (WVUS WASH
Specialist)—joined the World Vision ‘Ghana Rural Water Project (GRWP)’ staff to identify potential project sites. Our team
visited 10 different sites. We have selected three of the sites as having the most need for solar pumped water that can
provide for the greatest number of people. The sites are Sindigu, Ying, and Kpalba. Each of these communities has a unique
and difficult situation for getting their daily water needs. You will find a description of each of the sites in the pages that
follow. The technical data and calculations to determine the solar power and pump needed are included as well, followed
by the projected daily water capacity that will be pumped at each site. A comprehensive budget has been prepared to
provide each of the three communities with the pump, the solar power plant, the storage tanks, the faucets and necessary
plumbing pipes and valves, as well as a fence to protect the equipment. ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for
Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 4 - The solar pumping project will provide 40 liters of water per day to each person in
these communities from a tap stand located no more than 300 meters from their homes. Currently the folks in these
communities are walking more that 1 kilometer to retrieve water on a daily basis. All of the wells have been tested to
ensure that the water is safe to drink for the community. Pump tests have been performed on the wells to ensure that the
well can recover its water level even while pumping it out with the solar power. Extensive training will be provided for
representatives from each community and the staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project. Since each community
will own it’s power plant and pumping system, we want provide the training capacity so that the systems can be
maintained and provide years of water. We aim to provide the power plant, pump, water delivery system, and the
necessary training for $62.00 per person served. Technical Representative Brad Burkhartzmeyer (253)-414-4099
[email protected] Rotary Representative Bill Feldt (253)-839-0665 [email protected] ©Report submitted by
Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 5 - Sindigu Ying Kpalba ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 6 - GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST Date: Oct 21,
2008 MATERIALS SITE TOTALS Sindigu Ying Kpalba All SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33 WATER TANK
3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00 FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00 PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72
11,901.10 TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00 ELECTRICAL 1,142.96
1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04 LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00 OPERATION & MAINTANENCE
1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00 OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50 Sub total 19,182.85
33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97 World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51 SUB-
TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00 TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00
TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00 Sub total 28,020.00 World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21%
5,884.00 SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00 GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00 ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 7 - Always On Solar™ Project for Ghana Community Information Village Name: Sindigu Village
Location: Savalugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana Estimated 2008 population: 220 Altitude/latitude: 300
m, 9° 41’ N, 0° 48’W Description of the current situation for water in the village: Currently the women from this small
community walk about 1.2 kilometers to retrieve water for daily domestic needs from a well equipped with a hand pump.
World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has recently drilled two new wells in a low lying area about 700 meters from the
village. Because these new bore holes are located in a low area far from the village we are proposing to use solar power to
pump water into a storage tank located closer to the village. Tap stands with faucets would be located adjacent to the
tanks. It is believed that the community itself owns all of the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed.
Water Requirements Using the minimum water requirement of 40 liters per day per person, Sindigu’s 220 inhabitants
would need about 8,800 liters per day (2,315 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking,
cooking, and laundry, but not for crop irrigation or raising animals. ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always
On Solar™ October 2008 - 8 - Water Resource World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored wells 37 and 43 meters
deep, that have a recovery rates of 100 and 230 liters per minute. This recovery rate is well above the projected solar
pumping rate of 30 lpm. The solar array can be located adjacent to the bore hole and will pump water into one 10,000 liter
storage tank that will be located as far up the hill as we can with the given pump. Water storage/Vertical Lift/ Solar Array
Sizing The tank(s) will be approximately 10000 liters in capacity to provide the community with 1.25 days of usage. A total
dynamic head has been calculated to be 44 meters and the solar array has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are using
4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august lowest with 4.53) Design Summary
Peak Sun Hours: 4.53 hours per day during least sunny month Liters per day/ Gal per day: 8800 liters (2315 gal) Total
dynamic Head 44 meters Hydraulic Energy needed; .994 KwHr/day Estimated array size: 700 watts Projected Budget We
project that US$23,212.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and deliver it to standpipes located nearer
the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community,
training, and travel needed to complete the project. The in-kind contributions are estimated at US$15,000.00. ©Report
submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 9 - Conclusion The relatively low population and
the relatively low change in elevation to get water to a point only 300 meters from the homes make this a good candidate
for solar pumping. Of the site visited in August of 2008 this site would be near the top of the feasibility scale. Sindigu site
©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 10 - Calculations This is a summary of the
technical calculations and statistics used to make them. These figures are based on information supplied by the field staff at
World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project who bored the wells and conducted the pumping and water tests. 1 Location of
Bore well: Sindigu 2 Population 2000 census 165 2008 estimated 201 3 Daily production liters (40 lpd/person) 8040 4 Head
(meters) Well Depth 43 Dynamic Head 35 Tank Height 3 Terrain Rise 4 Friction Loss adder(see calcs 3 & 4) 1.41 Total Head
(meters) 43.41 5 Pumped piping distance 500 6 Gravity piping distance 700 7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 349 8 Solar Go
(If M4 < 1500) Yes 9 Tested Recovery Rate (lpm) 150 10 Solar Pumping Rate Needed* gal/min* 8 liter/min** 30 11
Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 0.951 12 Solar Array watts 617 *the gpm rate is daily consumption liters/3.8
gal/liter/4.53 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour ** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.53 peak sun hours/60
minutes/hour. Hydraulic Energy Needed Sindigu Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106 where Eh = hydraulic energy required in KwHr/Day ρ =
density of water (1000kg/m3 ) g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2 ) H = total hydraulic head (m) V = volume of water
required (m3 /day) Eh = H x V x 0.002725 Eh = 43.41 x 8.04 x 0.002725 1 Eh = 0.95107 KwHr/day ©Report submitted by
Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 11 - Solar Array Size Sindigu A = Eh/eFId where A = array size in
Kilowatts Eh = hydraulic energy needed in KwHr/day e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40) F = array mismatch
factor (0.85 on average) Id = average daily solar irradiance (worst month 4.53) A = Eh / e / F / Id A = 0.95107 / 0.4 / 0.85 /
4.53 2 A = 0.617 Kilowatt Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition to 2" Village Sindigu
Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 8 gpm Pipe diameter 1.5" Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.72 Fittings
Quantity 1.5" loss factor Extension 90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00 45° Elbow 0 1.75 0.00 Insert Coupling 0 1.25 0.00 Gate Valve 0
0.80 0.00 Male-Female Adaptor 1 2.75 2.75 TEE flow through run 0 2.30 0.00 TEE flow through branch 0 7.00 0.00 Union
Fitting 1 2.00 2.00 Ball valve 1 0.80 0.80 Check Valve 1 0.80 0.80 Other 0 1.00 0.00 1 Fittings Total (feet) = 22.35 feet Pipe
Run lengths (meters) Well depth 35 Lateral Distance 2 Vertical Distance 0 Other 0 2 Total Pipe length (m) 37 x 3.3 ft/m=
122.1 feet 3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculations = 144.45 feet Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction
Total feet divide by 100 1.44 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.72 Feet to add to overall head length is = 1.04 feet 3
4 Meters to add to overall head length is = 0.32 meters ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™
October 2008 - 12 - Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location Village Sindigu Flow Rate (gallons per
minute) 8 Pipe diameter 2 Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.21 Fittings Quantity 2.0" loss factor
Extension 90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00 45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00 Insert Coupling 0 2.00 0.00 Gate Valve 0 1.50 0.00 Male-Female
Adaptor 1 4.50 4.50 TEE flow through run 0 4.30 0.00 TEE flow through branch 0 12.00 0.00 Union Fitting 1 2.50 2.50 Ball
valve 1 2.50 2.50 Check Valve 1 2.50 2.50 Other 0 3.00 0.00 1 Fittings Total (feet) = 36.00 feet Pipe Run lengths (meters)
Well depth 0 Lateral Distance 500 Vertical Distance 8 Other 0 2 Total Pipe length (m) 508 x 3.3 ft/m= 1676.4 feet 3 Total
feet of pipe for friction calculations = 1712.40 feet Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction Total feet divide by
100 17.12 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.21 Feet to add to overall head length is = 3.60 feet 4 4 Meters to add to
overall head length is = 1.09 meters ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 13 -
©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 14 - Always On Solar™ Project for Ghana
Community Information Village Name: Ying Village Location: Savelugu-Nanton district of the Northern Region of Ghana
Estimated 2008 population: 717 Altitude: 300 m, 9° 42’ N, 0° 48’W Description of the current situation for water in the
village: This is a small farming community where the women walk about 2 kilometers to retrieve water for daily domestic
needs. World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has drilled two new high-yield bore holes located 1000 meters from the
community. Because these new bore holes are located in a low, swampy area we propose using solar power to pump water
up the hill into storage tanks located closer to the village. Tap stands with faucets will be located adjacent to the storage
tanks. It is believed the community owns the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed. Water
Requirements Using the minimum water requirement of 40 liters per day per person Ying’s 717 inhabitants need about
28,800 liters per day (7,500 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry,
but not for crop irrigation or raising animals. Water Resource World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored two
wells, 28 and 31 meters deep, that have recovery rates of 260 and 290 liters per minute. This recovery rate is well above
the solar pumping rate of 106 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 15 - adjacent to the bore hole and pump water into four 10,000 liter
storage tanks located about 15 meters higher in elevation and 500 meters closer to the village. Water storage/ Vertical Lift/
Solar Array Sizing The tank(s) will be approximately 40,000 liters in capacity and will provide about 1.4 days of storage
capacity for the people of Ying. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 31 meters for each of the two boreholes.
We plan to install a solar pump at each well. The solar array for each well has been calculated to be 700 watts. We are
using 4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (Feb in highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and august lowest with 4.53) Design
Summary Peak Sun Hours: 4.53 Liters per day/ Gal per day: 28,800 liters (7,500 gal) Total dynamic Head 31 meters
Hydraulic Energy needed 2,370 KwHr/day Estimated array size: 1500 watts (split into two 700 watt systems) Projected
Budget We project that US$ 40,900.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and deliver it to standpipes
located nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the
community, training, and travel needed to complete the project. The in-kind contributions are estimated at US$15,000.00.
Conclusion ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 16 - This site ranks high on
the need scale for solar pumping because it serves a school as well as a farming community and the wells are located in a
swampy area making it difficult to access on foot. The drawback is that the medium volume combined with high head due
to steep terrain makes this system more costly due to the need for booster pumps to push water up hill closer to the
school. Ying site ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 17 - Calculations This is
a summary of the technical calculations and statistics used to make them. These figures are based on information supplied
by the field staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project who bored the wells and conducted the pumping and water
tests. 1 Location of Bore well: Ying 1 2 Population 2000 census 589 2008 estimated 717 3 Daily production liters (40
lpd/person) 28680 4 Head (meters) Well Depth 28 Dynamic Head 11 Tank Height 0 Terrain Rise = 20 meters 15 Friction Loss
adder(see calc 3 & 4) 4.86 Total Head (meters) 30.86 5 Pumped piping distance 500 6 Gravity piping distance 3 7 M4 =Head
x cubic lpd needed 885 8 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) Yes 9 Tested Recovery Rate (lpm) 260 10 Solar Pumping Rate Needed*
gal/min 28 liter/min** 106 11 Hydraulic Energy Needed (KwHr/day) 2.412 12 Solar Array watts 1566 *The gpm rate is daily
consumption liters/3.8 gal/liter/4.51 peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour. ** The lpm rate is daily consumption liters/4.51
peak sun hours/60 minutes/hour. Hydraulic Energy Needed Ying 1 Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106 where Eh = hydraulic energy
required in KwHr/Day ρ = density of water (1000kg/m3 ) g = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2 ) H = total hydraulic head
(m) V = volume of water required (m3 /day) Eh = H x V x 0.002725 Eh = 30.86 x 28.7 x 0.002725 1 Eh = 2.4118 KwHr/day
©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 18 - Solar Array Size Ying 1 A = Eh/eFId
where A = array size in Kilowatts Eh = hydraulic energy needed in KwHr/day e = daily subsystem efficiencies (typically .25
- .40) F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average) Id = average daily solar irradiance (worst month 4.53) A = Eh / e / F / Id A
= 2.4118 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53 A = 1.566 Kilowatt 2 Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - Pumping up from well to transition
to 2" Village Ying Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 20 Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5 Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from
chart 3.95 Fittings Quantity 1.50" loss factor Extension 90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00 45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00 Insert Coupling 0 1.50
0.00 Gate Valve 0 1.00 0.00 Male-Female Adaptor 1 3.50 3.50 TEE flow through run 0 2.70 0.00 TEE flow through branch 0
8.00 0.00 Union Fitting 1 2.50 2.50 Ball valve 1 1.00 1.00 Check Valve 1 1.00 1.00 Other 0 1.50 0.00 1 Fittings Total (feet) =
24.00 feet Pipe Run lengths (meters) Dynamic head 11 Lateral Distance 3 Vertical Distance 0 Other 0 2 Total Pipe length (m)
14 x 3.3 ft/m= 46.2 feet 3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculation = 70.20 feet Calculate what to add to overall head due to
friction Total feet divide by 100 0.70 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 3.95 Feet to add to overall head length is = 2.77
feet 3 4 Meters to add to overall head length is = 0.84 meters ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 19 - Friction Losses in Pipes - 2" from top of well to Tank location Village Ying Flow Rate (gallons per
minute) 20 Pipe diameter 2 Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.76 Fittings Quantity 2.0" loss factor
Extension 90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00 45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00 Insert Coupling 0 2.00 0.00 Gate Valve 0 1.50 0.00 Male-Female
Adaptor 1 4.50 4.50 TEE flow through run 0 4.30 0.00 TEE flow through branch 1 12.00 12.00 Union Fitting 1 2.50 2.50 Ball
valve 1 2.50 2.50 Check Valve 1 2.50 2.50 Other 0 3.00 0.00 1 Fittings Total (feet) = 48.00 feet Pipe Run lengths (meters)
Well depth 0 Lateral Distance 500 Vertical Distance 15 Other 0 2 Total Pipe length (m) 515 x 3.3 ft/m= 1699.5 feet 3 Total
feet of pipe for friction calculation = 1747.50 feet Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction Total feet divide by
100 17.48 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.76 Feet to add to overall head length is = 13.28 feet 4 4 Meters to add
to overall head length is = 4.02 meters ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 -
20 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 21 - Always On Solar™ Project for
Ghana Community Information Village Name: Kpalba (three communities) Village Location: Saboba-Chereponi district of
the Northern Region of Ghana Estimated 2008 population: 1583 Altitude: 300 m, 9° 32’ N, 0° 15’ E Description of the
current water situation Currently the village is getting water from a seasonal river that is about two kilometers away. The
river water is not as clean as the well water and nearly dries up in the dry season. A new high yielding bore hole well has
been drilled in a shallow depression and is to serve the three small communities that make up Kpalba. We propose using
solar powered pumps to pump water into a storage tanks located at a higher elevation than the borehole. Gravity will then
be used to distribute water to tap stand faucets located nearer each of the three groupings of homes. It is believed the
community owns all of the land across which the distribution pipes would be installed. Water Requirements Using the
minimum water requirement of 30 liters per day per person Kapalba’s 1583 inhabitants would need about 47,500 liters per
day (12,500 gallons per day). The system would provide water for domestic drinking, cooking, and laundry, but not for crop
irrigation or raising animals. Water Resource World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project has bored a well 34 meters deep
that has a recovery rate of 250 liters per minute. This recovery rate is above the solar pumping rate ©Report submitted by
Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 22 - of 175 lpm that we project. The solar array can be located
adjacent to the bore hole and pump water into five 10,000 liter storage tanks that would be located some distance up the
hill. From this location that is about 10 meters above the bore hole gravity may then feed water to a standpipe location at
each of the three communities. Water storage/Vertical Lift/Solar Array Sizing The tank(s) will be approximately 50,000 liters
in capacity. A total dynamic head has been calculated to be 39 meters and the solar array has been calculated to be 2800
watts. We are using 4.53 peak sun hours for calculations (February is highest with 6.21 peak sun hours and August lowest
with 4.53). We propose to install two 1400 watt systems with two pumps, both dropped into the same borehole. Design
Summary Peak Sun Hours: 4.53 Liters per day/ Gal per day: 47,500 liters (6,985 gallons) Total dynamic Head 39 meters
Hydraulic Energy needed 4.2 KwHr/day Estimated array size: 2800 watts (Two arrays of 1400 each) Projected Budget We
project that US$ 62,100.00 will be needed to bring this water up from the ground and deliver it to standpipes located
nearer the homes using solar power. This is exclusive of substantial in-kind contributions, labor provided by the community,
training, and travel needed to complete the project. ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™
October 2008 - 23 - Conclusion This community currently has very limited access to water so the site is high in priority for
need. The high volume of water needed for 1500 people and the rise of 29 meters in the terrain between the pump and
one of the communities increases the costs of the system. We can pump enough water for 30 liters per person per day by
using two submersible pumps because the well has a high yield and a good recovery rate. This site can be served by a lower
cost per person for water delivered than many of the other sites. ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always
On Solar™ October 2008 - 24 - Kpalba site ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008
- 25 - Calculations This is a summary of the technical calculations and statistics used to make them. These figures are based
on information supplied by the field staff at World Vision’s Ghana Rural Water Project who bored the wells and conducted
the pumping and water tests. 1 Location of Bore well: Kpalba 1 & 21 2 Population 2000 census 1300 2008 estimated 1583 3
Daily production liters (30 lpd/person) 47490 4 Head (meters) Well Depth 34 Dynamic Head 22.54 Tank Height 0 Terrain
Rise = 29m 12 Friction Loss adder(1.5" pipe) 4.46 Total Head (meters) 39 5 Pumped piping distance 500 6 Gravity piping
distance 1400 7 M4 =Head x cubic lpd needed 1,852 8 Solar Go (If M4 < 1500) NO 9 Tested Recovery Rate (lpm) 250 10
Solar Pumping Rate Needed* gal/min 46 liter/min** 175 11 Hydraulic Energy Needed per day 5.047 12 Solar Array watts
3277 1. There will be two pumps lowered into the same bore well. Hydraulic Energy Needed Kpalba Eh = ρgHV/3.6x106
where Eh = hydraulic energy required in KwHr/Day ρ = density of water (1000kg/m3 ) g = gravitational acceleration (9.81
m/s2 ) H = total hydraulic head (m) V = volume of water required (m3 /day) Eh = H x V x 0.002725 Eh = 39 x 47.49 x
0.002725 1 Eh = 5.047 KwHr/day ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 26 -
Solar Array Size Kpalba A = Eh/eFId where A = array size in Kilowatts Eh = hydraulic energy needed in KwHr/day e = daily
subsystem efficiencies (typically .25 - .40) F = array mismatch factor (0.85 on average) Id = average daily solar irradiance
(worst month 4.53) A = Eh / e / F / Id A = 5.047 / 0.4 / 0.85 / 4.53 2 A = 3.277 Kilowatt Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes
- pump to Tee Village Kpalba Flow Rate (gallons per minute)* 10 Pipe diameter (inches) 1.5 Friction lost factor per 100 feet
of pipe from chart 0.72 Fittings Quantity 1.5" loss factor Extension 90° Elbow 4 4.00 16.00 45° Elbow 0 2.00 0.00 Insert
Coupling 0 1.50 0.00 Gate Valve 0 1.00 0.00 Male-Female Adaptor 1 3.50 3.50 TEE flow through run 0 2.70 0.00 TEE flow
through branch 0 8.00 0.00 Union Fitting 1 2.50 2.50 Ball valve 1 1.00 1.00 Check Valve 1 1.00 1.00 Other 0 1.50 0.00 1
Fittings Total (feet) = 24.00 feet Pipe Run lengths (meters) Dynamic Head 22.54 Lateral Distance 4 Other 0 2 Total Pipe
length (m) 26.54 x 3.3 ft/m= 87.582 feet 3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculation = 111.58 feet Calculate what to add to
overall head due to friction Total feet divide by 100 1.12 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.72 Feet to add to overall
head length is = 0.80 feet 3 4 Meters to add to overall head length is = 0.24 meters ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 27 - Friction Losses of Water Flow in Pipes - from Tee to tanks up the
hill Village Kpalba Flow Rate (gallons per minute) 20 Pipe diameter 2 Friction lost factor per 100 feet of pipe from chart 0.76
Fittings Quantity 2.0" loss factor Extension 90° Elbow 4 6.00 24.00 45° Elbow 0 2.50 0.00 Insert Coupling 0 2.00 0.00 Gate
Valve 0 1.50 0.00 Male-Female Adaptor 1 4.50 4.50 TEE flow through run 0 4.30 0.00 TEE flow through branch 1 12.00
12.00 Union Fitting 1 2.50 2.50 Ball valve 1 2.50 2.50 Check Valve 1 2.50 2.50 Other 0 3.00 0.00 1 Fittings Total (feet) =
48.00 feet Pipe Run lengths (meters) Well depth 0 Lateral Distance 500 Other 0 2 Total Pipe length (m) 500 x 3.3 ft/m= 1650
feet 3 Total feet of pipe for friction calculation = 1698.00 feet Calculate what to add to overall head due to friction Total
feet divide by 100 16.98 Multiplied by friction factor from chart 0.76 Feet to add to overall head length is = 12.90 feet 4 4
Meters to add to overall head length is = 3.91 meters ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™
October 2008 - 28 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 29 - Summary Page
of Budget GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST Date: Oct 21, 2008 MATERIALS SITE TOTALS Sindigu Ying
Kpalba All SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33 WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 25,200.00
FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00 PIPING 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10 TAP STAND
STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00 ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04
LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00 OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00
3,000.00 OTHER (shipping, etc.) 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50 Sub total 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97
World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21 21,884.51 SUB-TOTAL 23,211.25 40,868.67
62,016.57 126,096.00 TRAINING AND TRAVEL All Sites TOTALS CAPACITY BUILDING 8,300.00 TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING,
INSTRUCTORS 19,720.00 Sub total 28,020.00 World Vision Overhead/Admin costs at 21% 5,884.00 SUB-TOTAL 33,904.00
GRAND TOTAL 160,000.00 ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 30 - TOTALS
Sindigu Ying Kpalba All SOLAR SYSTEM 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 37,926.33 WATER TANK 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00
25,200.00 FENCING 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 4,806.00 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 11,901.10 TAP STAND
STRUCTURE/PLUMBING ASSEMBLY 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 7,650.00 ELECTRICAL 1,142.96 1,452.96 1,627.12 4,223.04
LABOR / EQUIPMENT 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 5,793.00 OPERATION & MAINTANENCE 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00
3,000.00 1,237.50 1,237.50 1,237.50 3,712.50 19,182.85 33,775.76 51,253.36 104,211.97 4,028.40 7,092.91 10,763.21
21,884.51 23,211.25 40,868.67 62,016.57 126,096.00 TOTALS 8,300.00 8,300.00 19,720.00 19,720.00 28,020.00 28,020.00
5,884.00 5,884.00 33,904.00 33,904.00 160,000.00 All Sites Date: Oct 21, 2008 GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT -
MATERIALS LIST GRAND TOTAL MATERIALS SITE Sub total OTHER (shipping, etc.) World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at
21% SUB-TOTAL TRAINING AND TRAVEL PIPING Sub total CAPACITY BUILDING TRAVEL, FOOD, LODGING, INSTRUCTORS
World Vision Overhead and Admin costs at 21% SUB-TOTAL ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 31 - GHANA SOLAR PUMPING PROJECT - MATERIALS LIST SOLAR SYSTEM Submersible pump (No. of
units) 1,370.00 1 1,370.00 2 2,740.00 2 2,740.00 Controller CU200 for float switch and readout (No. of units) 220.09 1
220.09 2 440.18 2 440.18 Controller IO 101 for generator control (No. of units) 293.12 1 293.12 2 586.24 1 293.12 Solar
array (No. of 175 watt panels) 810.00 4 3,240.00 8 6,480.00 16 12,960.00 Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 4 solar
panels 380.00 1 380.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Rack for solar array (No. of units) supports 8 solar panels 780.00 0 0.00 1 780.00 2
1,560.00 Float switch (No. of units) 13.55 1 13.55 2 27.10 2 27.10 Disconnect switch with fuses dc rated 30 amp outdoor
(No. of units) 197.09 1 197.09 2 394.18 2 394.18 3" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units)
75.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 4" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 164.60 1 164.60 0 0.00 0
0.00 6" (152 mm) schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 344.00 0 0.00 1 344.00 2 688.00 8" (152 mm)
schedule 40 galvanized steel pole - min 5 m (No. of units) 482.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1.6 m3 of reinforced concrete (No. of
units) 60.00 1 60.00 1 60.00 2 120.00 Rope 3/8" poly for supporting pump (No. of units) 25.00 1 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00
Booster pump - total solar assembly (No. of units) 5,000.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Lightning ArrestorL 27.72 1 27.72 2 55.44 2
55.44 Solar Panel interconnect cables (30 feet of MC4) 25.00 2 50.00 4 100.00 4 100.00 Misc solar material 100.00 1 100.00
1 100.00 2 200.00 Sub-total 6,141.17 12,157.14 19,628.02 WATER TANK 10m³ poly tank(s) (No. of units) 1,400.00 1
1,400.00 3 4,200.00 4 5,600.00 water tower / structure [total height (m) of water tower(s) including subterrain foundation]
-or- alternatively use a concrete slab for water tank, with tap downhill 850.00 2 1,700.00 6 5,100.00 8 6,800.00 additional
5m³ poly tank located at the tap stand (No. of units) 800.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Misc tank and structure material 100.00 1
100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00 Sub-total 3,200.00 9,400.00 12,600.00 FENCING 2.5 m tall fence: chain link / barb wire (m) 52.00
24 1,248.00 24 1,248.00 40 2,080.00 lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 Misc fencing parts/materials 50.00 1
50.00 1 50.00 2 100.00 Sub-total 1,308.00 1,308.00 2,190.00 PIPING tank to tap: 2 inch (50 mm) inner diameter PVC - type
PVC40PE (m) 4.00 500 2,000.00 500 2,000.00 1400 5,600.00 2 inch (50 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 1
15.00 3 45.00 2 inch (50 mm) bulk head fitting [two per tank] (No. of units) 28.00 2 56.00 4 112.00 10 280.00 2 inch (50
mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 2.00 4 8.00 5 10.00 10 20.00 2 inch (50 mm) Y fitting (No. of units) 10.00 0 0.00 1 10.00
3 2 inch (50 mm) male adapter (No. of units) 7.00 2 14.00 2 14.00 6 42.00 2 inch (50 mm) coupling (No. of units) 7.00 20
140.00 20 140.00 40 280.00 2 inch (50 mm) reducing fitting 2" to 3/4 inch (No. of units) 1.60 1 1.60 1 1.60 4 6.40 2 inch (50
mm) ball valve 11.88 1 11.88 1 11.88 3 35.64 well to tank: 1.25 inch male adapter 1.50 1 1.50 2 3.00 2 3.00 1.25 inch inner
diamter PVC (m) 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.60 1 2.60 1.5 inch (38 mm) inner diameter PVC (m) 2.60 60 156.00 80 208.00 80 208.00 1.5
inch (38 mm) union fitting (No. of units) 15.00 1 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.00 1.5 inch (38 mm) bulk head fitting (No. of units)
25.00 1 25.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1.5 inch (38 mm) 90 degree elbow (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.00 1.5 inch (38 mm) male
adapter (No. of units) 1.50 4 6.00 4 6.00 4 6.00 1.5 inch (38 mm) coupling (No. of units) 0.65 8 5.20 8 5.20 8 5.20 1.5 inch
(38 mm) ball valver (No. of units) 9.94 1 9.94 2 19.88 2 19.88 1.5 inch (38mm) to 1.25 inch reducing fitting 2.50 1 2.50 2
5.00 2 5.00 1.5 inch check valve 10.00 1 10.00 2 20.00 2 20.00 PVC glue (500 ml) 5.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 Misc
plumbing materials 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 1 50.00 Sub-total 2,546.22 2,680.16 6,674.72 TAP STAND STRUCTURE/PLUMBING
ASSEMBLY tap stand (No. of units) 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 1 1,500.00 3 4,500.00 lock (No. of units) 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 3
30.00 a lockable 'switch off' valve (No. of units) 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 3 60.00 Sub-total 1,530.00 1,530.00 4,590.00 SITE
Kpalba UNIT PRICE Sindigu Ying MATERIALS October 21, 2008 ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 32 - UNIT COST QTY ITEM COST Printed Training materials 400 1 400.00 Solar Lab Materials 2500 1
2,500.00 Tools 400 1 400.00 Housing for Solar installation training sessions (No. of people) 50 10 500.00 Food for Solar
installation training sessions (No. of people) 20 25 500.00 Stipend to be paid to community workers during training and
installations400.00 10 4,000.00 Misc 0.00 0 0.00 Subtotal 8,300.00 TRAVEL Instructor/Trainer fee (days) (Walt Ratterman)
400.00 10 4,000.00 AirFare (Brad, Chris,Walt) 2,600.00 3 7,800.00 Lodging for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,520.00 3
4,560.00 Food for trainers (Brad,Chris,Walt) 1,000.00 3 3,000.00 Misc travel expenses for taxi, airport, etc 120.00 3 360.00
Subtotal 19,720.00 CAPACITY BUILDING - assume 20 people for one week ELECTRICAL 1.5 mm (2 core) electrical wiring-for
float switch (m) 0.62 500 310.00 1000 620.00 1000 620.00 Submersible pump wire (3 wire, #10 AWG) (m) 2.50 60 150.00
60 150.00 60 150.00 1 inch (25 mm) inner diameter PVC electrical conduit (m) 0.90 560 504.00 560 504.00 600 540.00 1
inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 90° 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80 1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - coupling
0.90 36 32.40 36 32.40 60 54.00 1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - male adaptor 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80 1
inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - locknut 0.90 16 14.40 16 14.40 32 28.80 1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - one
hole rigid strap 0.84 4 3.36 4 3.36 8 6.72 1 inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - LB fitting 2.80 4 11.20 4 11.20 8 22.40 1
inch (25 mm) PVC electrical conduit - 45° 1.10 8 8.80 8 8.80 16 17.60 Plastic junction box with lid 250mmX250mmX80mm
(approx) 15.00 2 30.00 2 30.00 2 30.00 Misc electrical parts 25.00 2 50.00 2 50.00 4 100.00 Sub-total 1,142.96 1,452.96
1,627.12 LABOR / EQUIPMENT Labor to install tank/tower structure (days) 133.00 1 133.00 2 266.00 2 266.00 Labor to
install fencing (m) 6.00 24 144.00 24 144.00 40 240.00 Labor to install pole for solar (days) 200.00 1 200.00 1 200.00 1
200.00 Labor to install solar panels/pump (hours) 100.00 1 100.00 1 100.00 2 200.00 Truck for transport of goods/people
(days) 300.00 1 300.00 1 300.00 2 600.00 Labor misc 100.00 2 200.00 2 200.00 2 200.00 Pumping tests 1,800.00 0 0.00 1
1,800.00 0 0.00 Labor to dig trenches and install piping in kind Sub-total 1,077.00 3,010.00 1,706.00 OPERATION &
MAINTANENCE Ongoing sustainability of project 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 1 1,000.00 Maintenance costs and tariffs
etc 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sub-total 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 TOTAL 17,945.35 32,538.26 50,015.86 Cost per person served
89.73 45.19 31.60 UNIT PRICE SITE Sindigu Ying Kpalba MATERIALS October 21, 2008 ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 33 - Why we chose Solar Power for this project. We chose solar
electric panels as the source of energy to power the pumps for this project for a number of reasons. The northern region of
Ghana has an excellent solar resource and the system we have designed uses proven and dependable technology to pump
sufficient quantities of water without the use of expensive fuels or unreliable grid power. Unlike many conventional
pumping systems, the solar pump can operate unattended. The design is simple; when the sun is shining the pump is
pumping water. There are very few moving parts which alleviates the need for continued costly maintenance. The system
essentially contains three main components: The solar array, a controller, and the pump. The array consists of four to eight
solar panels mounted on a pole. The electricity generated by the solar panels passes first through the control box where it
is regulated before energizing the pump. The pump that has been selected is a Grundfos brand submersible pump (SQFlex)
that is made with stainless steel parts and has a warranty of 10 years. The pump can start pumping with as little as 30 volts
of power and will increase the volume of water pumped as the voltage produced by the solar panels increases throughout
the day. The pump also has the capability to run off of a.c. power from a portable generator in the event the sun is not
shining or the control has malfunctioned. This gives the community the greatest flexibility. The pump is also capable of
running off of the utility grid as well, if it ever reaches the village. The panels come with a 25 year performance warranty.
This exceeds the warranties provided on other possible fuel sources, like diesel or propane, which power generators.
Maintenance on solar panels is minimal and involves nothing more than washing the dust off occasionally. Generators
require regular maintenance with oil and air filter changes and require re-fueling for the entirety of their useful service life.
The fuel and maintenance costs associated with generators increases overall operating expense and requires the
community to purchase fuel with the little cash they have available. Solar panels produce electricity without any noise or
without any pollution. Generators are noisy and cause atmospheric pollution due to the combustion of fossil fuels. The
volatile price of fossil fuels can also add to the financial stress of a community. Using the electrical power grid to power a
pump is often an economical and feasible way to pump water from wells. However, the villages where we will be installing
the pumps do not currently have access to the electric grid. In all cases it is several miles away and would cost more to
extend the lines than the installation of a solar system. In addition the electric grid is erratic and unreliable and cannot be
depended upon for daily water pumping needs. The solar pumping system will provide an adequate supply of clean
drinking water to community members while eliminating the need for on-going fuel expenditures, maintenance and
reliance upon an unreliable grid. Communities serviced by solar powered pumps will enjoy ownership of the system and
direct control over its power and function. They will also be introduced to a technology that fosters a sustainable energy
ethic along with local and global environmental consciousness. ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 34 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 35 - ©Report
submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 36 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer
for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 37 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 -
38 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 39 - ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 40 - ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On
Solar™ October 2008 - 41 - NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy - Available Tables Latitude 10 / Longitude -1 was
chosen. Geometry Information Elevation: 216 meters averaged from the USGS GTOPO30 digital elevation model Northern
boundary 11 Western boundary -1 Center Latitude 10.5 Longitude -0.5 Eastern boundary 0 Southern boundary 10 Solar
Geometry: Monthly Averaged Maximum Solar Angle Relative To The Horizon (degrees) Lat 10 Lon -1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average 59.2 67.6 78.1 89.7 81.1 76.9 78.7 86.2 83.0 71.5 61.8 57.1 Cloud Information:
Monthly Averaged Daylight Cloud Amount (%) Lat 10 Lon -1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Average 22-year Average 24.0 30.2 53.9 64.9 60.7 59.6 68.5 74.0 65.3 44.5 30.8 26.1 50.3 ©Report submitted by Brad
Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 42 - Parameters for Tilted Solar Panels: Monthly Averaged Radiation
Incident On An Equator-Pointed Tilted Surface (kWh/m2 /day) Lat 10 Lon -1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
Dec Annual Average SSE HRZ 5.72 5.96 6.11 6.06 5.82 5.32 4.88 4.61 4.95 5.58 5.56 5.59 5.51 K 0.64 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.55
0.51 0.47 0.44 0.48 0.57 0.61 0.65 0.56 Diffuse 1.38 1.65 1.94 2.15 2.13 2.16 2.24 2.31 2.23 1.86 1.52 1.30 1.91 Direct 7.11
6.58 6.02 5.53 5.30 4.60 3.82 3.25 3.87 5.55 6.47 7.18 5.43 Tilt 0 5.67 5.90 6.03 5.97 5.72 5.22 4.79 4.53 4.88 5.52 5.51 5.54
5.44 Tilt 10 6.17 6.21 6.13 5.87 5.79 5.32 4.85 4.53 4.89 5.73 5.93 6.09 5.62 Tilt 25 6.65 6.41 6.02 5.49 5.67 5.26 4.77 4.37
4.71 5.79 6.29 6.64 5.67 Tilt 90 4.54 3.61 2.54 1.67 2.41 2.50 2.24 1.86 1.92 3.02 4.09 4.77 2.93 OPT 6.76 6.41 6.14 5.97
5.79 5.33 4.85 4.54 4.90 5.80 6.35 6.82 5.80 OPT ANG 37.0 26.0 12.0 0.00 11.0 14.0 12.0 5.00 6.00 21.0 34.0 39.0 18.0
NOTE: Diffuse radiation, direct normal radiation and tilted surface radiation are not calculated when the clearness index (K)
is below 0.3 or above 0.8. Meteorology (Temperature): Monthly Averaged Air Temperature At 10 m Above The Surface Of
The Earth (°C) Lat 10 Lon -1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average 22-year Average 27.1 28.5
29.6 28.6 27.5 25.9 24.8 24.7 25.4 27.0 28.2 27.2 27.0 ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™
October 2008 - 43 - Meteorology (Wind): Monthly Averaged Wind Speed At 10 m Above The Surface Of The Earth For
Terrain Similar To Airports (m/s) Lat 10 Lon -1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average 10-year
Average 2.23 2.14 2.64 2.52 2.69 2.48 2.43 2.29 1.97 1.94 2.22 2.31 2.32 It is recommended that users of these wind data
review the SSE Methodology. The user may wish to correct for biases as well as local effects within the selected grid region.
All height measurements are from the soil, water, or ice/snow surface instead of "effective" surface, which is usually taken
to be near the tops of vegetated canopies. Meteorology (Other): Monthly Averaged Precipitation (mm/day) Lat 10 Lon -1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Average 22-year Average 0.07 0.22 0.90 2.37 3.49 4.95 6.07 7.48
6.26 2.50 0.36 0.12 2.91 ©Report submitted by Brad Burkhartzmeyer for Always On Solar™ October 2008 - 44 -