SELF-LEARNING PACKAGE IN

GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
The Cell
Learning Competency:
Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according
to their distinguishing features (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)
Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues)
and specify the functions of each (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-4)
 Lesson 3 (Competency 3)
Ready to Launch!
You have learned from the previous module that Cellular activities are possi-
ble because of the little organs found within it. Each little organ or organelle has a
specific function that makes the entire cell perform.
Cells may come in different forms in terms of shape, and other features. Cells
are classified according to what kind of organelles is found and even to its simplicity
and complexity. In addition, organisms can either be single celled or perhaps multi-
cellular. Take a moment and look at yourself. How many organisms do you see? Your
first thought might be that there's just one: yourself. However, if you were to look
closer, at the surface of your skin or inside your digestive tract, you would see that
there are actually many organisms living there. That’s right - you are home to
around 100 trillion bacterial cells! This means that your body is actually an ecosys-
tem. It also means that you—for some definition of the word you—actually consist of
both of the major types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
This module will help you explore on the different types of cell, the prokaryot-
ic and eukaryotic cell. Thus, reinforce your understanding of LIFE.

Aim at the Target!

This module generally aims to:
Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distin-
guishing features STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3
Further more it specifically aims to:
1. Describe the features of prokaryotic cell.
2. Describe the features of eukaryotic cell.
3. Distinguish the given cell as prokaryote or eukaryote.

Try This!
Instruction: On your answer sheet, copy the table and follow the instructions given.
Look at the given organelles and structures below. Put a check in the appro-
priate cell type where each organelle can be found.

Organelles/ struc- Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Can be in both

tures cell types
nucleus
cell membrane

ribosome

mitochondria
DNA
 Keep This in Mind!
Activity
Instruction: Look at the illustrations given below and read the description.
“BAHAY KUBO”
The nipa hut, or bahay kubo, is a type of stilt
house indigenous to the cultures of the Philippines. It
is also known as payag or kamalig in other languages
of the Philippines. Its architectural principles gave way
to many of Filipino traditional houses and buildings
that rose after the pre-colonial era.The Bahay Kubo is
one of the most illustrative and recognized icons of the
Philippines.
The name bahay kubo is actually based on the
Spanish phrase Cubo, meaning cube, probably be-
cause of its rectangular appearance and Bahay is the Filipino word for house. Its ma-
terial is made up of organic materials, a perfect example of a totally green structure, a
showcase of extreme simplicity and sustainability that has been around for a very
long time. The construction of a Bahay Kubo is totally based on the local needs and
conditions. Fabricated with the ever dependable bamboo or kawayan and banded to-
gether by tree strings with dried coconut leaves or cogon grass. Walls are made of ni-
pa leaves or bamboo slats and the floor is made of finely split resilient bamboo. The
typical structure is raised with thick bamboo poles, one to two meters above the
ground, depending on the area where the shelter is constructed, providing the inhab-
itants a safe shelter from wild animals, snakes and protecting them against torrential
rains and floods.
“LOPEZ MANSION”
Tucked into the country’s first millionaires’ row, Nel-
ly’s Garden is by far the most famously grand house
in Iloilo. The Beaux Arts mansion was built in 1928
by Ilonggo statesman Don Vicente Lopez, who named
it after his eldest daughter. Over the decades, the es-
tate has hosted the elite and the notable, including
governor-generals, a former president, and even a
Thai prince. Keep an eye out for the Murano glass
chandelier, the antique billiard table (said to be the first in the city), and the hexago-
nal dining table Imelda Marcos took a strong liking to.
It is designed to portray the extravagant lifestyle of Iloilo's most affluent families dur-
ing the American period. Profusely adorned with ornately-carved columns and pilas-
ters, the house is constructed to look imposing outside just as it does inside. Two set
of wooden stairs lead to the family cavernous common room where most of the furni-
ture and paintings are placed.
In the centerpiece of the dining room is a hexagonal table which can sit up to twenty-
four guests. A huge chandelier hangs from the ceiling which is fifteen-feet high. The
door-length windows allows the light to get inside the room, creating a bright atmos-
phere as the guests dine together.
Analysis

You are tasked to make an analysis and review of the two types of houses given
above.
On your answer sheet, differentiate the bahay kubo and the Lopez Mansion in terms of
structure, presence of compartment, and maintenance. Tabulate your answer.
Structure Presence of Compartment Maintenance

Bahay kubo

Lopez Mansion

Abstraction and Generalization

Eukaryotes can be unicellular. Many people think that eukaryotes

are all multicellular, but this is not the case. While prokaryotes are
always unicellular organisms, eukaryotes can be either unicellular or
multicellular. For example, most protists are single-celled eukary-
otes!

Even though prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, they DO contain

genetic information. Prokaryotes generally have single circular
chromosomes where they store their genetic information.

Prokaryotes may typically be simple in all its processes but they are
of economic value. They are used for manufacturing butter, yogurt,
cheese, cakes and bear. Role in pharmaceutical industry: Many an-
tibiotics are obtained from bacteria. Role in agriculture: Bacteria are
used as pesticides for biological control. It is most effective
and cheap method of controlling pests.

Eukaryotic DNA never leaves the nucleus; instead, it’s tran-

scribed (copied) into RNA molecules, which may then travel out of
the nucleus. In the cytosol, some RNAs associate with structures
called ribosomes, where they direct synthesis of proteins. (Other
RNAs play functional roles in the cell, serving as structural com-
ponents of the ribosome or regulating activity of genes.)
Application

Read the situations below. Answer the questions that follow on your
answer sheet.

Situation (1)
A house whether a “bahay kubo” or a mansion needs to have what
structures inorder to be called a house? Similarly, whether a cell is prokary-
otic or a eukaryotic cell, what structures need to be found for both to be
called a cell?
Situation (2)
Prokaryotes are like bahay kubo. Whatare the distinguishing features
of a prokaryotic cell?
Situation (3)
What is the most remarkable characteristic of the Lopez Mansion that
makes it different from a bahay kubo? What are the distinguishing features
of a eukaryotic cell? Like the Lopez mansion, what can a eukaryotic cell do?

Reflect

What is the implication of the different classification of cells. Is it neces-

sary to sustain life? Why? What if cells were all the same, what would hap-
pen? Write your thoughts on your answer sheet.

Reinforcement & Enrichment

On your answer sheet, classify corona virus when inside a human cell.
Is it prokaryote or eukaryote? Why?
 Assess Your Learning

Read and follow the instructions below. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

I. Make a Venn Diagram showing the distinguishing and common features of prokar-
yotes and eukaryotes 10points
Rubrics: content-3pts correctness-4 sentence structure-3

II. Write the letter that corresponds with the correct answer.

1. What type of cell is a bacteria cell?

A.Prokaryotic cell
B.Eukaryotic cell
C.Plant cell
D.Animal cell

2. What type of cell is an animal cell?

A.Prokaryotic cell
B.Eukaryotic cell
C.Plant cell
D.Animal cell

3. Giardia is a eukaryotic organism that can cause intestinal illness in dogs, cats,
and humans.
Which of the following distinguishes Giardia from all prokaryotes?
A. It has cytoplasm.
B. It has a nucleus.
C. It is single-celled.
D. It can reproduce.

4. A biologist looks at an organism through a microscope. Which of the following

observations tells the biologist that the organism is eukaryotic?
A. It has a cell membrane.
B. It is unicellular.
C. It has membrane-bound organelles.
D. It moves with flagella.

5. An unknown cell is determined to contain a nucleus, a cell wall, mitochondria,

chloroplasts, and ribosomes.
Which of the following statements about the unknown cell is most likely true?
A. The unknown cell is a protozoa.
B. The unknown cell cannot synthesize proteins.
C. The unknown cell is a eukaryote.
D. The unknown cell is a prokaryote.
 Lesson 4 (Competency 4)
Ready to Launch!

Aside from distinguishing cells according to its simplicity and complexity,

cells can also be further classified into another category, the plant cell and
the animal cell.
Have you wondered how plant cell differs from an animal cell? Liv-
ing organisms’ largest group are the plants and animals — Kingdom Plan-
tae and Kingdom Animalia. Basically, plants function differently from ani-
mals. Plants can photosynthesize while animals can respire. The making of
sugar (glucose) is being done by plants while the breaking of sugar (glucose)
is being done by animals. Along the process the plants provide oxygen
needed by the animals and the animals give off carbon dioxide which is
needed by the plants.
This module will help you explore further on the organelles that are found
in the plants and animals and to help you understand how LIFE is sus-
tained on Earth.

Aim at the Target!

This module generally aims to:
Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing
features (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-3)
Further more it specifically aims to:
1. Describe the features of a plant cell.
2. Describe the features of an animal cell.
3. Distinguish the given cell types as plant or animal cell.

Try This!
Given the description in the first column, put a check on the appropriate col-
umn the description belongs. Copy the table on your answer sheet.

Description Plant Animal Can not be

determined
A unicellular organism with cilia and thrive in stag-
nant water and environment
An organism with cells having membrane bound
organelles, bounded with cell membrane.
An organism characterized with a central vacuole
and chloroplasts.
An aquatic organism which is photosynthetic.
A cell with thick cell wall and membrane bound
organelles.
Activity

Instruction: There are two scientists who are studying life forms. They study
the organisms under the microscope and draw a diagram of what they see.
Help figure out their analysis.

Organisms Illustration Description/ Behavior

1 Aquatic, sessile (attached to a substrate)

No green pigment

2 Presence of cell wall

A remarkable central vacuole
With green pigment
No lysosomes

3 Presence of membrane bound organelles

(nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus,
vesicles, ribosomes, etc.)
With smaller vacuoles
With lysosomes

4 Nucleoid region
No membrane bound organelle
Analysis
Help the scientists analyze the organisms they study. Using the concept map
below, classify the organisms given in the previous activity as plant or animal
cell. Do this on your answer sheet. Tabulate your answer.

Abstraction and Generalization

There are organisms that are grouped in a different kingdom due

to having characteristics of both plant and animal. Euglena
are single celled organisms that belong to the genus protist. As
such, they are not plants, animal or fungi. In particular, they
share some characteristics of both plants and animals.

Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants,

however, unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Most
obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil.
Slime molds and algae are protists.

Sponges are the simplest form of multi-cellular animals. They are

very diverse and come in a large variety of colours, shapes and struc-
tural complexities. They range in heights of 1-200cm and in diame-
ters of 1-150cm.

Bacteria are neither plants, nor animals. Every plant or animal

cell has a nucleus, where it manufactures DNA, the genetic mate-
rial. However, bacteria don 't have a nucleus, their DNA floats
around inside the cell. Some species of bacteria might have green
pigment but they still are neither plant nor animal.
Application

Read the situations below. Answer the questions that follow on your
answer sheet.

Situation (1)
What distinguishes the other organisms from being a plant or an ani-
mal? Should there a need for these to be different? Why?

Situation (2)
What cell organelle distinguishes a plant cell? What is this organelle
for? Discuss.

Situation (3)
Why should both plant and animal cells need to be eukaryotic cells?

Reflect

A plant cell has a specific organelle which is basically can not be

found in an animal cell. Reflect on the function of each. What makes
these two types of cells important for life to exist? (hint: plants make sug-
ar and animals break sugar)

Reinforcement & Enrichment

Using some indigenous material, make a model of either a plant or

an animal cell.

Assess Your Learning

Read and follow the instructions below. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

I. Make a Venn Diagram showing the distinguishing and common features of

plant and animal cells 10 points
Rubrics: content-3pts correctness-4 sentence structure-3
II. Write the letter that corresponds with the correct answer.

1. Both plant and animal cells have nucleus.

A. True
B. False

2. Which membrane-bound organelle is found in plant cells, but not ani-

mal cells?
A. Mitochondria
B. Lysosomes
C. Chloroplasts
D. Vacuoles

3. Which organelle is not found in a plant cell?

A. Chlorplast
B. Vacuole
C. Lysosome
D. Cytoplasm
4. Which of the following statements describes a way in which Cell A and
Cell B are similar?

A. They both are photosynthetic.

B. They both undergo cellular respiration.
C. They both are prokaryotic cells.
D. They both are eukaryotic cells.

5. A student is viewing a cell under a microscope. She determines that it

has a nucleus, a cell membrane, a cell wall, and chloroplasts.
What type of cell is the student most likely viewing?
A. Bacteria
B. Animal cell
C. Fungal cell
D. Plant cell
 References & Photo Credits

ANIMAL CELL. https://www.flickr.com photos/

BACTERIA. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/bacteria-medical-biology-
health-3662695/
E. coli https://en.wikipedia.org
EUGLENA. https://es.wikipedia.org
FUNGI. https://www.geograph.org
Jong, R. (2010). Bahay Kubo. Retrieved from http://thingsasian.com/story/
bahay-kubo
KHAN ACADEMY (2020). Plant and Animal Cell. Retrieved from https://
www.khanacademy.org
LOPEZ MANSION. https://en.wikipedia.org/
NIPA HUT. https://www.pinterest.ph/
NUCLEUS. https://commons.wikimedia.org
PROKARYOTIC CELL. https://commons.wikimedia.org
PROTISTA. https://commons.wikimedia.org
SPONGES. https://commons.wikimedia.org

Answer key

C 5. D 5.
C 4. D 4.
B 3. C 3.
B 2. C 2.
A 1. A 1.