Department of Education

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF MALOLOS

City of Malolos 12

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS IN

MEDIA AND INFORMATION
LITERACY

Quarter 3 – Week 6:
Present an issue in varied ways to disseminate information
using the codes, convention, and language of media
(MIL11/12IMILIIIa-1)
 Let us REVIEW!

Directions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Directions: Identify which of the 4 themes of COVID-19 “fake news” does it fall under.
Write only the letter of your answer. The choices are:

A. Where it came from

B. How it spreads
C. Symptoms and treatment
D. How we’re responding

1. Study: Bill Gates with ID 2020 seeks to ‘microchip’ the world through COVID-
19 vaccine
2. If a fart makes it through two layers of cloth, including denim jeans, how
confident are you feeling in that facemask??
3. Indian immunity: Study claims dark skinned people cannot be infected by
virus
4. BEWARE: Mosquitos transmit coronavirus!
5. Food poisoning sa hospital na binista ni VP Leni - nurse whistleblower

LET’S ASSESS OUR SKILLS

Directions: Read the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. These are system of signs which create meaning to the receiver.
A. Codes
B. Convention
C. Language
D. Message

2. It is a code used to tell the story.

A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
D. Written

3. Body language, clothing, colors are examples of what code?

A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
D. Written

4. Information or data are stored. What do media practitioners use as communication

channels through which they disseminate them?

Week 6 – Page 2
A. Codes
B. Convention
C. Language
D. Media

5. In movies, what colors are usually used to symbolize evil?

A. Black and Blue
B. Black and Gray
C. Black and Red
D. Black and White

6. Sounds and lightings are examples of what kind of code?

A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
D. Written

7. Sound is one of the most used codes in media. When a movie scene has a sound of a
wind, what does it signify?
A. Something awful will happen
B. Something memorable will happen
C. Something terrifying will happen
D. Something unpredictable will happen

8. Letters, handbills, posters, and billboards are examples of what kind of code?
A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
D. Written

9. In a newspaper, the most important news is written with different fonts. Where is this
news usually placed?
A. Back page
B. Center page
C. Entertainment page
D. Front page

10. In a fantasy film, one would expect to see magic wands, demons, colorful settings,
basically things that are fictional and unreal in our world. What is this widely recognized way
of doing things which has to do with content, style and form?
A. Codes
B. Convention
C. Genre
D. Symbols

11. Camera shots are used differently to capture the message that the photographer wants
to tell the audience. When he wants to give the audience a bit of context or location of the
subject, what kind of shot will he apply?
A. Close-up shot

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B. Medium or Long shot
C. Over the Shoulder shot
D. Unusual/ Alternative shot

12. What kind of shot will a cameraman employ, if he wants to project the strong emotion
and tension present in the scene?
A. Close up shot
B. Medium or Long shot
C. Over the Shoulder shot
D. Unusual/ Alternative shot

13. Over the Shoulder Shot is an example of what code?

A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
D. Written

14. These are the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions use by
media and information professionals. What do media information professionals select and use
to communicate ideas, information and knowledge?
A. Language
B. Media Codes
C. Message
D. Style

15. What type of code is used to emphasize a particular occasion stated in the invitation
card?
A. Media
B. Symbolic
C. Technical
C. Written

YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS!

At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:

 Define codes, conventions, and language of media.

 Identify the codes and conventions presented.
 Use the codes and conventions of media in presenting an issue.

LET US KNOW

Week 6 – Page 4
TASK 1: Read the quote then answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

“Language may be a source of misunderstanding” by Marshall McLuchan,1964.

1. Does the receiver’s/audience’s personal background or experience affect the interpretation
of the message?
2. Is it possible that different individuals interpret differently the message they both received?
3. Do you agree or disagree with the author? Express your answer by drawing the symbol
thumbs-up if you agree or draw the thumbs-down symbol if you disagree.

LET US STUDY

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES

• Language pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that
media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas,
information, and knowledge.
• Media language are the codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structure that
indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
• Messages are the information sent from a source to a receiver.
Source: Teaching Guide for Senior High School Media and Information Literacy. (Ferdinand B. Pitaagan, Ph.D., Virginia P. Andres, Louis
Mark N. Plaza, Conrado C. Rotor, Ph.D., Aurelio P. Vilbar, Ph.D., Cheryl F. Villanueva, 2016)
.
Media codes and conventions are like the building blocks of all the media around us which
generally have an agreed meaning, or connotation to their audience (Young, 2017). There are
three (3) types of media codes: symbolic codes, technical codes, and written codes.

1. Symbolic codes - are social in nature. Such

codes exist beyond the media product
themselves but can be interpreted in similar
ways in the everyday life of the viewer
(Young, 2017). This include the language,
dress or actions of characters, or iconic
symbols that are easily understood. For
example, a red rose may be used symbolically
to convey romance, or a clenched fist may be
used to communicate anger.

Some examples of symbolic

codes in media are the
following: setting, mise en
scene, acting and color.

Setting

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Known as the time and place of the narrative, the setting describes where the story or a
specific scene took place. It can be as big as an open space or as small as a room. It can even
be a created atmosphere or frame of mind.

Mise en scene
In the world of media, mise en scene is a
French term that means ‘everything within
the frame’. It also refers to all the objects
within a frame the way they are arranged.
To analyze this, you should look into the
media’s set design, costume, props, staging
and composition.

Acting
In media, actors portray a variety of
characters that contribute to character
development, creating tension or
interpreting the narrative. An actor
portrays his/ her assigned character
through the following elements: facial
expression, body language, vocal
qualities, movement and body contact.

Week 6 – Page 6
Color
In media, color has strong cultural
connotations. As a student, analyzing
the use of color in media and its
various aspects, you have to look at
the following: dominant color,
contrasting foils and color
symbolism.

2. Technical codes - The second kind of codes are specific to a media form and do not live as
a separate entity. To help you analyze this, look at different camera shots and their
connotations in films and photographs. You have to remember that these may mean nothing
to you or the general audience outside of those forms. These codes include camerawork,
editing, audio and lighting.
These are all the ways in which equipment is used to tell a story in a media text like camera
techniques, framing, lighting, etc. (Ping, 2016).

Camerawork
How the camera is operated,
positioned, and moved to
achieve certain effects is also
important in analyzing media.
These include positioning,
movement, framing, exposure,
and choice of lens.

Source:https://www.facebook.com/JustAshottt

Week 6 – Page 7
Editing
Another important consideration in studying media is editing. It is the process of choosing,
manipulating, and arranging images and sound. Generally, it is done for graphic edits,
rhythmic edits, spatial edits and temporal edits

Audio
is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. It includes dialogue, sound effects and music.
According to Chris Constantine(Constantine, 2010) music often defines a scene. An example
is the use of ominous music to communicate danger in films.
Using sound expressively or naturalistically also plays a role in media. Its three aspects
include dialogue, sound effects and music.

Lighting

Source: Young, R. (2018, February 10). Media Codes and Conventions. Medium. Retrieved https:// media.codes/media-codes-and-
conventions-c03423c06aa8

Manipulating light, either natural or artificial, to selectively highlight specific elements of

certain scenes, is also one of the important elements of media. These elements of lighting
include: quality, direction, source and color.

3. Written Codes - A type of code that is written usually includes formal written language
used in media. Similar to technical and symbolic codes, written codes can be used to interpret
a narrative and communicate information regarding a character. Also, it can convey issues
and themes emergent within the media product. Examples of this code are printed and spoken
languages. The simple use of different fonts or typefaces indicate different meaning.
https://gravereviews.com/ 2020/04/16/blood-the- last-
vampire-2000/

Week 6 – Page 8
Week 6 – Page 9
 speech-bubbles-and-comic-effects-in-adobe- illustrator--cms-24764

https://www.interaksyon.com/trends- spotlights/2018/12/19/140858/catriona-gray- newspaper-media-australia-miss-universe/

CONVENTIONS
To use media codes in some sort of a norm where it is accepted by everybody, there has to be
a convention. These are closely connected to what the audience expects from media.
According to Robert Young, conventions are the accepted ways of using media codes. There
are three different types of conventions: form conventions, story conventions and genre
conventions (Young, R. 2017).

1. Form conventions - are the distinct ways that audiences expect codes to be arranged in
media. Examples of these expectations are the title of the film at the beginning or the credits
at the end. In printed media, it is expected that newspapers will have a masthead or a banner
story as the most important news, then the sports news usually at the back. Mobile games
usually begin with a step- by-step with help texts on how the game works

2. Story conventions - These story conventions are common narrative structures and
expectations from media. Examples of these are narrative structures, cause and effect,
character construction and point of view (POV).

3. Genre conventions - Genre conventions include the common use of tropes, characters,
settings or themes in a certain media. These are closely linked with how the audience expects
from the media product. They can be formal or thematic.

LET US REMEMBER

Language pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that
media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas,
information and knowledge.

Week 6 – Page 10
Media language are the codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structure that
indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.

Messages are the information sent from a source to a receiver.

Symbolic codes are social in nature. Such codes exist beyond the media product themselves
but can be interpreted in similar ways in the everyday life of the viewer

Technical codes are all the ways in which equipment is used to tell a story in a media text like
camera techniques, framing, lighting, etc.

LET US PRACTICE MORE

TASK 1: All Around Me

Directions: Draw or insert a picture of five (5) signs and symbols in your community that are
used to convey information (e.g. for directions, locations of attractions). Briefly discuss the
meaning they convey. Answer the questions that follow. Do this in a separate sheet of paper.

1. How do these signs and symbols are used to make people in the community
understand the message being conveyed?
2. How are symbols usually presented?
3. What is the importance of using symbols to convey a message or information?
4. How are these symbols presented in terms of fonts, images, colors, design and others?

Symbol Description/Meaning

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Week 6 – Page 11
 LET US GAUGE OUR KNOWLEDGE

Directions: Answer the crossword puzzle below:

G C
CA
D
T

C I

O R

S E

G E

Activity 5: Inform Me!

Directions: In this Performance Task, you will be given a scenario. Based on that scenario,
you will think of a way to cover the incident. You will choose either to make a storyboard, a
photo story, or a written blog to inform people in your community of the said incident to
make them aware of the rules and regulations of the lockdown and the possible consequences
once they violate such rules. Remember to use the codes and conventions for the
development of your output. Rubrics are provided for you to be guided on what to do.

Scenario: President Rodrigo R. Duterte put the main Island of Luzon on lockdown on March
16, 2020 due to the health risks of COVID 19. Most of the residents stayed at home while few
others went out. Police are starting to arrest hundreds of people for violating curfew, “social
distancing”, and quarantine regulations.

Week 6 – Page 12
Guide Questions:
1. What will you do to make your report not boring?
2. Would you exaggerate some elements in your report to make it interesting? Why?

Criteria 4 3 2 1
The use of The use of codes The use of codes The use of codes
codes and and symbols and symbols and
Attractiveness symbols to to present the to present the symbols to present
present the message are message are the
message is satisfactorily acceptability message is poorly
exceptionally attractive. attractive. selected.
attractive.
Original and a little Original and but
Creativity Original and imaginative. not imaginative. Not original nor
imaginative. Imaginative but a Imaginative but imaginative.
little original. not original.
Language used The language is Poor selection of Language do not
makes the adequately used to language to tie in with
Validity of message comes present the present the the message. The
Information alive. The message. The message. The information
information information information presented are
presented are presented are presented are not accurate and
accurate and adequately poorly accurate valid.
valid. accurate and valid. and valid.
The The presentation The presentation The presentation
presentation is has deep meaning lacks lacks
Meaningfulness cohesive and but with less meaning with no meaning; no
comprehensive details. supporting supporting
with details. details; with
supporting unfinished parts
details.

References
Acuna, K. (2019, October 15). "Maleficent:Mistress of Evil' . Retrieved from https://www.insider.com:
https://www.insider.com/malefiscent=mistress-of-evil-movie- review-2019-10
Berntsson, S. (2015, November 4). How to create speech bubbles and comic effects in Adobe Illustrator. Retrieved from Envantotuts+
Website:
https://design.tutsplus.com/tutorials/how-to-craete--speech-bubbles--and-comic-effects-in- adobe-illustrator-cms-24764
Cinema, G. a. (2018). Retrieved from https://upload.wikimedia.org: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5a/It %282017%29
poster.jpg
Constantine, C. (2010, May 10). Symbolism in Film. Retrieved from www.youtube.com: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WhijmmePlU8
Creighton, S. (2015, September 7). Nr. Bean drives from the roof again. Retrieved from https://www.iol.co.za:
https://www.iol.co.za/motoring/mr-bean-drives-home-the-roof- again=1911873
Davies, J. (2016, September 23). Shocked man covering his mouyh with hands. Retrieved from https://telecoms.com/475799/surely-verizon-
wont-buy-twitter too/shocked-man covering- his-mouth--with- hands
Detisch, A. (2020, February 9). 7 Best Film Lighting Techniques: Filmmaker's Guide to a Cinematic look. Retrieved from Studiobinder
Website : https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/film-- lighting-techniques/
Ferdinand B. Pitagan, Ph.D., Virginia P. Andres, Louis Mark N. Plaza, Conrado C. Rotor, Ph.D., Aurelio
P. Vilbar, Ph.D., Cheryl F. Villanueva. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Media and Information Literacy. Commission on
Higher Education.
Ferdinand B. Pitagan, P. V. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Media and Information Literacy. Commission on Higher
Education.
Gazette of the Philippines Malacanang Palace. (2016, May 26). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacanang
%C3%B1 ang Palace (cropped).jpg
Hellerman, J. (2019, April 19). 50+ Camera Angles, Shots,and Movements: A Complete Guide.
Retrieved from No Film School Website: https://nofilmschool.com/camera-angles-and- shots-movements
James, S. (2017, August 4). Classic Film Review:Titanic 1997. Retrieved from https://officialstevejames.com:
https://officialstevejames.com/2017/08/04/classic-film- review-titanic/

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Madarang, C. (2018, December 19). "Philippines'crossed out in Aussie newspaper's Catriona Gray headline. Retrieved from Interaksyon
Website: https://www.interaksyon.com/trends- spotlights/2018/12/19/140858/catriona-gray-newspaper-media-australia-miss-universe/

Marchant, P. (2016, June 10). The Conjuring 2: The Endfield Experiment . Retrieved from https://www. nwaonline.com: https://www.
nwaonline.com/news/2016/jun/10/the- conjuring-2-20160610
Mehrotra, K. (2020, April 17). Movies like Sergio you must see. Retrieved from The Cinemaholic Website: https://www.the
cinemaholic.com/movies-like-sergio/
Mukherjee, S. (2017). 8Years of 3 Idiots: 15 things about the film you did not know. Retrieved from www.hindustimes.com:
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gAYEyjJ7NEaVJYL80H.html
Nummenmaa, L. (2020, January 24). Horror Movies Manipulate Brain Activity Expertly to Enhance Excitement. Retrieved from University
of Turku Website: https://www.utu.fi/en/news/press- release/horror-movies-manipulate-brain-activity-expertly-to-%20enhance-excitement
Ping, A. (2016, September 16). Codes, Conventions and Language of Media. Retrieved from google.com:
https://www.slideshare.net/arnielping/mil-media-and-information-languages- genre-codes-and-conventions?qid=cb66abdf-9340-446b-8c6a-
abbfe0f6e2e7&v=&b=&from_search=12
Reviews, G. (2020, April 16). Blood: The Last Vampire. Retrieved from Grave Reviews Website:
https://gravereviews.com/2020/04/16/blood-the-last-vampire-2000/
Sharma, A. (2020, January 4). 12 Best Action Movies of 2010s. Retrieved from The Cinemaholic: https://www.the cinemaholic.com/best-
action-movies-of-2010s/
Stephansky, E. (2018, December 21). The Best Science -Fiction of 2018. Retrieved from Thrillist Website:
https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-science-fiction-movies-2018
Sylvia Braesel, T. K. (2018). Media and information literacy A practical guidebook for trainers.
Germany: Deutsche Welle.
Sylvia Braesel, T. K. (2018). Media and Information Literacy A practical guidebook for trainers. Bon Germany: Deutsche Welle 53110.
Tan, T. (2006, December 13). Mayon. Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mt.Mayon tam3rd.jpg
Tree, E. (2018, April 11). 7 Beaches you can visit while Boracay is resting its beauty (Bantayan Island Cebu). Retrieved from Unflush
Website: http://unflush.com/7-beaches-you-can-visit-while- boracay-is-resting-its-beauty/
Young, R. (2017, September 17). Media Codes and Convention. Retrieved from https://media.codes/media-codes-and-conventions-
c03423c06aa8

KEY TO CORRECTION:

Let’s Review: 1. A or C 2 B 3 B 4. B 5 D
Let’s Assess Our Skills: 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C

Week 6 – Page 14