AARON AND CAMERING REVIEW CENTER

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY
PRE-TEST

NAME:

1. Which among the following best defines criminology?

A. It is the science and behavior and mental processes of the criminal.

B. It is the scientific study of criminals, criminal behavior and its causes.
C. It is the study of how society punishes criminals and the different methods of punishment that may
cause people to alter their behavior.
D. It is the study of “criminal things”-those that are left behind by the criminal in the scene of he crime
which have significance in criminal investigation.

2. The term criminology was originally derived from the Latin word?

A. Crimen C. Criminology
B. Criminologia D. Criminologie

3. Literally, what does the word criminology refer to the study of?

A. Society C. Criminal Justice System

B. Crime D. Culture

4. Recognized as being one of the earliest people to write about criminology.

A. Raffaelo Garofalo C. Cesare Becarria

B. Paul Topinard D. Cesare Lombroso

5. The field of criminology is a multi-disciplinary science. One of its aspects is the study of crime focused
on the group of people and society which is known as:

A. Criminal Psychology
B. Criminal Sociology
C. Criminal Psychiatry
D. Criminal Etiology

6. Macho means:

A. Assertive C. Heroic
B. Angry D. Stubborn

7. Hypothetical means:

A. Temporary C. Provable
B. Exaggerated D. Assumed

8. The theory in which reformation is based upon, on the ground that the criminal is a sick person.

A. Positivist Theory C. Neo Classical Theory

B. Classical Theory D. Sociological Theory

9. It is defined as a crime where a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her
occupation commits the criminal act.

A. Labor Crimes C. High Collar Crimes

B. Organized Crimes D. White Collar Crimes

10. The strict code of conduct that governs the behavior of the Mafia members is called_____________.

A. Omerta C. Silencer
B. Triad D. Mafioso
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11. The group of crime categorized as violent crime (Index crime) and Property
Crimes (Non-Index crimes) are called______________.

A. Conventional Crimes C. Felony

B. Non-conventional crimes D. offense

12. What is the literal meaning of the term Cosa Nostra?

A. This thing of ours C. Two things

B. Omerta D. 5th estate

13. The criminal activity by an enduring structure or organization developed and devoted primarily to the
pursuit of profits through illegal means commonly known as _______________.

A. Organized Crime C. White Collar Crime

B. Professional Organization D. Blue Collar Crime

14. One of the following represents the earliest codification of the Roman Law, which was incorporated
into the Justinian Code.

A. 12 Tables C. Hammurabic Code

B. Burgundian Code D. Code of Draco

15. The generic term that includes al government agencies, facilities, programs, procedures, personnel,
and techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment
of alleged offenders refers to:

A. Correction C. Criminal Justice

B. Penology D. The base Pillar

16. The theory in criminology which maintains that a person commits crime or behaves mainly because
he or she is being possessed by evil spirits or something of natural force that controls his behavior is
called:

A. Devine Will Theory C. Classical Theory

B. Demonological Theory D. All of these

17. Criminology changes as social condition changes. This means the progress of criminology is
concordant with the advancement of other sciences that has been applied to it. This means that
criminology is __________________.

A. Dynamic C. Progressive
B. Excellent D. None of these

18. In as much as crime is a societal creation and that it exists in a society, its study must be considered a
part of social science. This means that criminology is _________________.

A. Applied Science C. Natural Science

B. Social Science D. All of these

19. The term white-collar crime was coined by:

A. E. Sutherland C. E. Durkheim
B. R. Quinney D. C. Darwin

20. What is means of “R” in the criminal formula?

A. Total Situation C. Temperament

B. Criminal tendency D. None of these
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PRE-TEST

21. He advocated “Somatotyping Theory”.

A. W. Sheldon C. E. Sutherland
B. R. Merton D. Ivan Nye

22. When someone is tagged as criminal, he or she may reject it or accept it and go on it to commit crime.

A. Rational Choice Theory C. Labelling Theory

B. Control Theories D. Social Disorganization Theory

23. It refers to a body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

A. Penology C. Sociology
B. Criminology D. Psychology

24. The study of criminology involves the study of many disciplines in the collection of knowledge about
criminal action, thereby it is:

A. Scientific C. Psychiatric
B. Multidisciplinary D. Economics

25. It is a scope of the study of criminology which refers to the scientific analysis of the causes of crime.

A. Etiology of law C. Criminalistics

B. Criminal etiology D. All of the above

26. A scope of the study of criminology which refers to the study of the punishment and treatment of
criminals.

A. Corrections C. Criminalistics
B. Victimology D. All of the above

27. Criminology as an applied science uses other fields of interest in the examination why they exist.

A. True C. Maybe
B. False D. Not sure

28. In its legal sense, crime is defined as:

A. An act that is harmful or detrimental to the norms of society;

B. The unacceptable acts in violation to the rules and regulations of the society;
C. The undesirable act caused by maladaptive or abnormal behaviour;
D. An act or omission in violation of a criminal law.

29. It refers to the generic name of crime.

A. Offense C. Delinquency or misdemeanour

B. Felony D. All of the above

30. It refers to an act or omission punishable by special laws such as a Republic Act, Presidential Decree,
Executive Order, and Memorandum Circular.

A. Offense C. Misdemeanour
B. Felony D. Delinquency

31. It refers to an act or omission punishable by the Revised Penal Code, the criminal law in the
Philippines.

A. Felony C. Misdemeanour
B. Offense D. Delinquency
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32. It refers to acts that are in violation of simple rules and regulations usually referring to acts committed
by minor offenders.

A. Offense C. Offense
B. Delinquency D. Felony

33. A criminological classification of crime where the offender acquires something as a consequence of
his criminal act.

A. Acquisitive C. Situational
B. Seasonal D. Episodic

34. A criminological classification of crime which also means serial crimes.

A. Acquisitive C. Seasonal
B. Episodic D. Situational

35. This refers to crimes committed with intent and the offender is in full possession of his mental
faculties.

A. Rational C. Reasonable
B. Logical D. Available

36. This refers to crimes committed by persons of responsibility and of upper socioeconomic class in the
course of their occupational activities.

A. White collar C. Organized

B. Syndicated D. Blue collar

37. Are those committed by ordinary professionals to maintain their livelihood.

A. White collar C. Organized

B. Syndicated D. Blue collar

38. They are committed by a series of act within a lengthy space of time.

A. Acquisitive C. Seasonal
B. Episodic D. Situational

39. Are those committed the shortest time possible.

A. Acquisitive C. Seasonal
B. Instant D. Situational

40. This refers to crimes committed through rendition of a service to satisfy desire of another.

A. Career crimes C. Crimes by passion

B. Service crimes D. Underworld crimes

41. In its legal definition, a criminal is:

A. a person who committed a crime and convicted by a court of the violation of a criminal law;
B. a person who violated a social norm or one who have an antisocial act;
C. a person who violated the rules of conduct due to behavioural maladjustments;
D. All of the above

42. A person who is engaged in criminal activities with a high degree of skill.

A. Professional criminal C. Organized criminal

B. Career criminal D. Blue collar criminal
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43. They are criminals who are normal in behavior but defective in their socialization process or
development.

A. Active criminals C. Socialized delinquents

B. Passive-inadequate criminals D. Juvenile delinquents

44. Commits crime because they are pushed by it by reward or promise.

A. Active criminals C. Socialized delinquents

B. Passive-inadequate criminals D. Juvenile delinquents

45. Based on legal classification, he is a person who, within a period of 10 years from the date of his
release or last conviction of the crimes of serious or less serious physical injuries, robbery, estafa, or
falsification, is found guilty of any of the said crimes for a third time or oftener.

A. Habitual criminal C. Recidivist

B. Delinquent D. Escapee

46. He has been referred to as the most important criminologist of the 20th century and considered as the
Dean of Modern Criminology. He said that crime is learned and not inherited.

A. Edwin Sutherland C. Sigmund Freud

B. William Sheldon D. Cesare Lombroso

47. They are the proponents of the Social Class Conflict and Capitalism Theory who claimed that the
ruling class in a capitalist society is responsible for the creation of criminal law and their sociological
basis in the interpretation and enforcement of the law.

A. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels C. Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
B. Enrico Ferri and Raffaele Garofalo D. Cesare Lombroso and Sigmund Freud

48. Lloyd Ohlin advocated this theory that explained that there is differential opportunity or access to
success in goals by both legitimate and illegitimate means depending on the specific location of the
individual within the social structure.

A. Differential Opportunity Theory C. Labelling Theory

B. Differential Association Theory D. Neutralization Theory

49. In the Theory of Evolution, he claimed that humans like other animals, are parasite, having an
animalistic behaviour that is dependent on other animals for survival.

A. Charles Darwin C. Ernest Hooton

B. Charles Goring D. Adolphe Quetelet

50. He is a medical officer in prison in England who contradicted the idea of Cesare Lombroso that
criminality can be seen through features alone.

A. Charles Goring C. Ernest Hooton

B. Charles Darwin D. Edwin Sutherlan

51. An anthropologist who found out that “Tall, thin men tend to commit forgery and fraud; undersized
men are thieves and burglars; short, heavy person commit assault, rape, and other sex crimes; whereas
mediocre physique flounder around among other crimes.

A. Ernest Hooton C. Lloyd Ohlin

B. Edwin Sutherland D. Charles Goring
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PRE-TEST

52. A Belgian statistician who pioneered Cartography and The Cartographical School of Criminology and
discovered that crimes against persons, basing on his research, increased during summer and against
property tends to increase during winter.

A. Adolphe Quetelet C. Lloyd Ohlin

B. Ernest Hooton D. Charles Goring

53. Considered as the lowest form of criminal in a criminal career. He doesn’t stick to crime as a
profession but rather pushed to commit cries due to great opportunity.

A. Ordinary criminal C. Chronic criminal

B. Acute criminal D. Criminals of passion

54. It is a phase of delinquency proceeding similar to sentencing phase of adult trial. The judge must
consider alternative, innovative, and individualized treatment rather than imposing standard sentences.

A. Disposition C. Rehabilitation
B. Diversion D. Alternative

55. It refers to the independence of the child or minor from his or her parents before reaching the age of
majority.

A. Emancipation C. Separation
B. Independence D. Stow away

56. A phrase which means “For the Proceeding” referring to adults who look after the welfare of a child
and represent their legal interests.

A. Guardian Ad Litem C. Guard

B. Parens Patriae D. Ward

57. A status of being born to unmarried parents. It also limits inheritance rights.

A. Illegitimacy C. Guardianship
B. In Loco Parents D. Guardian ad Lite

58. Refers to teachers, administrators and babysitters who are viewed as having some temporary parental
rights and obligations.

A. Illegitimacy C. Guardianship
B. In Loco Parents D. Guardian ad Lite

59. Any official decision or finding of a judge or administrative agency hearing officer upon the
respective rights and claims of parties to an action.

A. Judgment C. Resolution
B. Evaluation D. Petition

60. A legal doctrine granting mother custodial preference after a divorce.

A. Maternal Preference Rule C. DNA Profiling

B. Paternal Preference Rule D. All of them

61. A parental failure to provide a child with basic necessities when able to do so and encompasses a
variety of forms of abuse that do not require the element of intent.

A. Neglect C. Paternity
B. Abandonment D. Maternity
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62. A legal doctrine establishing parental role of the state over welfare of its citizens especially children.
A 19th century idea first activated in Prime vs. Massachusetts.

A. Parens Patriae C. Maternal Preference Rule

B. In Loco Parentis D. Paternity

63. A result of lawsuit forcing a reluctant man to assume obligations of fatherhood.

A. Paternity C. Parens Patriae

B. Fraternity D. All of the above

64. A legal doctrine granting custody to the parent whom the child feels the greatest emotional attachment
to:

A. Psychological Parent Doctrine C. In Loco Parentis

B. Parens Patriae D. All of the above

65. The smallest unit of society and one of the most influential environmental factor that may lead a
person to either a law abiding of a criminal.

A. Home C. School
B. Neighbourhood D. Church

66. One of the most powerful and prime mover of the Criminal Justice system and an institution in the
community with the broad goals of maintaining peace and order, the protection of life and property and
the enforcement of laws.

A. Police C. Security Guard

B. Barangay Captain D. Fireman

67. An institution for information dissemination thereby giving the public needed information to help
shape everyday views about crime and its control.

A. Mass Media C. ABS-CBN TV Network

B. Daily Bulletin D. All of the above

68. It refers to any action or course of conduct that deviates from acts approved by the majority of people.

A. Delinquency C. Truancy
B. Status Offenses D. Vagrancy

69. A term denoting various offenses committed by children or youths under the age of 18.

A. Juvenile Crime C. Status Offender

B. Youthful Offender D. All of them

70. A term used to describe a large number of disapproved behaviours of children or youths.

A. Juvenile delinquency C. Mala in se

B. Criminal Act D. Mala prohibita

71.This period is sometimes known as the beginning of Reasons and Humanism. People began to see
children as flowers which needed nurturing on order to bloom instead of beatings to stay in line.

A. Age of Enlightenment C. Computer Age

B. Evolution D. None of these
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72. The positivist school of criminology focuses on the ___________ rather than the _______________.

A. Offender; offense C. Offender; law

B. Offense; offender D. Law; offense

73. Classical criminology uses the idea of _____________ to explain that offenders choose to break the
law.

A. Evolution C. Free Will

B. Spiritualism D. Deterrence

74. Is credited with being the founder of positivist criminology based on his work in trying to find the
causes of crime from a multi-factor approach.

A. Cesare Lombroso C. Adolphe Quetelet

B. Andre-Michel Guerry D. Auguste Comte

75. Cesare Lombroso identified physical abnormalities that he called ___________ that he claimed
represented the primitive features of a biological throwback.

A. Atavisms C. Malformities
B. Abnormalities D. Altruisms

76. The biblical law of retribution and/or retaliation is ____________________.

A. Per se C. Voir dire

B. Lex talionis D. Sub rosa

77. Utilized crime statistics to suggest a link between population density and crime rates with crowed
cities creating an environment conducive for crime.

A. Adolphe Quitelet C. Joseph Fetcher

B. John Glyde D. Rawson W. Rawson

78. Viewed crime as an inevitable aspect of society with uneven distribution of wealth and other
differences among people.

A. Emile Durkheim C. Joseph Fetcher

B.Henry Mayhew D. Rawson W. Rawson

79. Used empirical methods and an ethnographic approach to address social questions and poverty.

A. Emile Durkheim C. Edwin Sutherland

B.Henry Mayhew D. Rawson W. Rawson

80. Suggested that people learn criminal behavior from older, more experienced criminals that they may
associate with.

A. Emile Durkheim C. Edwin Sutherland

B.Henry Mayhew D. Rawson W. Rawson

81. Is an addition to a general harm principle. The general harm principle fails to consider the possibility
of other sanctions to prevent harm, and the effectiveness of criminalization as a chosen option.

A. Thanatos C. Tagging
B. De minimis D. Ex Minimis
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82. A death wish.

A. Thanatos C. Tagging
B. De minimis D. Ex Minimis

83. The process whereby an individual is negatively defined by agencies of justice.

A. Thanatos C. Tagging
B. De minimis D. Ex Minimis

84. The view that crime is due to a genetic throwback to a more primitive and aggressive form of human
being.

A. Etiology C. Atavism
B. Spree killing D. Altruism

85. Killings at two or more locations with almost no time break between murders.

A. Spree Murder C. Spree Killer

B. Spree killing D. Altruism

86. Two or more murders committed by an offender (s) without cooling off period.

A. Spree Murder C. Serial Murder

B. Spree killing D. Thrill killing

87. A premeditated murder committed by a person who is not necessarily suffering from mental
instability and does not derive sexual satisfaction from killing victims or have anything against them and
sometimes do not know them but instead motivated by sheer excitement of the act.

A. Spree Murder C. Serial Murder

B. Spree killing D. Thrill Killing

88. The branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human population.

A. Ecology C. Anthropology
B. Demography D. Epidemiology

89. It is the study of victims and their contributory role, if any, in crime causation.

A. Victimology C. Demography
B. Epidemiology D. Demonology

90. An approach to the study of crime that deals mainly in the biological explanation of crimes
particularly on the form of abnormalities that exist in the individual criminal before, during and after the
commission of the crime.

A. Subjective approach C. Cartographic School

B. Objective approach D. Anthropological approach

91. The two students of Cesare Lombroso.

A. Garofalo and Ferri C. Cohen and Park

B. Beccaria and Bentham D. Bandura and Sutherland

92. French psychologist who developed the first IQ test.

A. Alfred Binet C. Henry Goddard

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B. Sigmund Freud D. William Sheldon

93. He advocated the Theory of Anomie and focused on the sociological point of the Positivist School
which explains that the absence of norms in a society provides a setting conducive to crimes and other
antisocial acts.

A. David Emile Durkheim C. Robert Erza Park

B. Sigmund Freud D. Ernest Kretschmer

94. He advocated the Theory of Human Ecology which studies the interrelationship of people and their
environment.

A. Robert Erza Park C. Sigmund Freud

B. David Emile Durkheim D. Ernest Kretschmer

95. The idea of somatotyping was originated from his work which distinguished three principal types of
physique.

A. Ernest Kretschmer C. Sigmund Freud

B. Robert Erza Park D. David Emile Durkheim

96. The following are the classification of criminals according to Cesare Lombroso, except one:

A. Born criminals C. Insane criminals

B. Criminoloid D. Delinquent

97. He became popular of his own Somatotyping Theory whose key ideas are concentrated on the
principle of “Survival of the Fittest,” as a behavioural science. He combined the biological and
psychological explanation to understand deviant behaviours.

A. William Sheldon C. Charles Darwin

B. Ernest Kretschmer D. Sigmund Freud

98. A theory which maintain that the society is composed of different groups or organizations having
criminalistic and anti-criminalistic traditions and that the criminal behaviour is learned through the
process of communication which includes technique of committing the crime, motive and attitude.

A. Differential Association Theory C. Social Class Conflict and Capitalism Theory

B. Cultural Deviation Theory D. Containment Theory

99. A theory which assumes that for every individual there exist a containing external structure and a
protective internal structure which provide defense, protection or insulation against crime or delinquency.

A. Containment Theory C. Cultural Deviation Theory

B. Differential Association Theory D. Social Conflict and Capitalism Theory

100. He is the premier sociologist of the modern days who advocated the “Strain Theory,” a theory which
maintains that the failure of man to achieve a higher status of life caused them to commit crimes in order
for their goal or status to be attained.

A. Robert Merton C. Gresham Sykes

B. Albert Cohen D. William Sheldon

101. He advocated the Sub-Culture Theory of Delinquency which claims that the lower class cannot
socialize effectively in what is considered appropriate middle-class behaviour. Thus the lower class
gathered together, share their common problem, forming a subculture that rejects middle class values.

A. Albert Cohen C. Gresham Sykes

B. Robert Merton D. William Sheldon
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102. He advocated the Neutralization Theory which maintains that an individual will obey or disobey
societal rules depending upon his or her ability to rationalize whether he is protected from hurt or
destruction.

A. Gresham Sykes C. Robert Merton

B. Albert Cohen D. William Sheldon

103. Introduced the Theory of Imitation which proposes the process by which people become criminals.

A. Gresham Sykes C. Gabriel Tarde

B. Emile Durkheim D. William Sheldon

104. He focused his study on the influences of psychological factors and sociological factors such as
economics on crimes.

A. Cesare Lombroso C. Gabriel Tarde

B. Emile Durkheim D. Enrico Ferri

105. Father of Psychoanalysis.

A. Gresham Sykes C. Gabriel Tarde

B. Sigmund Freud D. William Sheldon

106. Known for his psychoanalytic theory.

A. Gresham Sykes C. Gabriel Tarde

B. Sigmund Freud D. William Sheldon

107. This stands for instinctual drives and is governed by pleasure principle.

A. Id C. Superego
B. Ego D. IQ

108. Governed by reality principle.

A. Id C. Superego
B. Ego D. IQ

109. Serves as the moral conscience of the individual structured by what values were taught by the
parents, the school and the community as well as belief in God.

A. Id C. Superego
B. Ego D. EQ

110. Family of criminals. Descendants are criminally minded and committed crimes.

A. Jukes Family C. Kallikak Family

B. Jonathan Edwards Family D. Karyotype Family

111. Descendants are good people and attained prominence in various fields.

A. Jukes Family C. Kallikak Family

B. Jonathan Edwards Family D. Karyotype Family

112. Opposite of free will.

A. Association C. Transvestitism
B. Re-organization D. Determinism
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113. A criminal act that is modelled or inspired by a previous crime that has been
reported in media or described in fiction.

A. Serial crime C. Copycat

B. Crime of Passion D. Imitation

114. This school of thought assumes that people are hedonistic

A. Positivist C. Neo-classical
B. Classical D. Renaissance

115. Is a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals.

A. Anomie C. Activist
B. Atavist D. Martial Law