Changes to

AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2020
Bridge Welding Code
Prefabricated Structural Materials Section

Compiled by: VJ Pillai and Teresa Michalk, P.E.

Footer Text March

March29, 2021
29, 2021
Table of contents – Clauses in D1.5:2020

1. General Provisions

2. Normative References (Moved from Annex)

3. Terms and Definitions (Moved from Annex)

4. Design of Welded Connections

5. Workmanship

6. Technique

7. Qualification

8. Inspection

9. Stud Welding

10. Tubular Structures

11. Strengthening and Repairing Existing Structures

12. AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundant Members

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Clause 1: General Provisions

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
1.2.2 Approved Base Metals. 1.2.2 Approved Base Metals
ENTIRE SECTION REPLACED Base metals to be welded under this code
shall meet the requirements of ASTM A709
for the following grades:

(1) 36
(2) [50] (Type 1, 2, or 3)
(3) 50S
(4) 50W
(5) HPS 50W
(6) HPS 70W or
(7) HPS 100W

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Clause 1: General Provisions

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

The terms ‘flaw’ ‘discontinuity’ and Either ‘discontinuity’ or ‘defect’ are used.
‘defect’ were used throughout the code Eliminated the use of the term ‘flaw’

• Flaw – An undesirable discontinuity • Discontinuity - Any geometric

disruption to the weld and can be on
the surface, internal or both internal
and surface.

• Defect – A rejectable discontinuity

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Clause 2 (Now Clause 4): Design of Welded Connections

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
2.1.3.1 The welding symbol with Clause 4.1.3.1 The welding symbol with the
dimensions above or below the arrow effective groove weld size (S) above or below
designates a PJP weld, as follows: the reference line designates a PJP weld as
follows:
(E1) (S1)
(E2) (S2)

E1 = Effective weld size, other side S1 = Effective weld size (other side)
E2 = Effective weld size, arrow side S2 = Effective weld size (arrow side)
--------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------
2.13.2 Minimum Effective Weld Size. 4.13.2 Minimum Effective Weld size.
(2nd para.): “Shop or working drawings (2nd para.) Shop or working drawings shall
shall specify the groove depths (S) specify the groove depths (D) applicable for
applicable for the effective weld size (E) the effective weld size (S) required for the
required for the welding process and welding process and position of welding to be
position of welding to be used.” use.

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Clause 2 (Now Clause 4): Design of Welded Connections

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

2.17.3 Connections or Splices in 4.17.3 Connections in Compression

Compression Members with Milled with Finished-to-Bear Joints.
Joints. If members subject only to compression
If members subject only to compression are spliced and a finished-to-bear fit is
are spliced and full-milled bearing is provided, the welding shall be arranged
provided, the splice material and its to hold all parts in alignment, and welds
welding shall be arranged, unless and contact areas shall be proportioned
otherwise stipulated by the applicable to each carry 50% of the computed stress
general specifications, to hold all parts in in the member. Where such members are
alignment and shall be proportioned to finished to achieve direct bearing on base
carry 50% of the computed stress in the plates, contract tolerances shall satisfy
member. Where such members are in the second paragraph of 5.5.9 and there
full-milled bearing on base plates, there shall be sufficient welding to hold all parts
shall be sufficient welding to hold all parts securely in place.
securely in place.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

3.2.1 Surfaces and edges to be welded 5.2.1 General

shall be smooth, uniform, and free from Base metal shall be sufficiently clean to
fins, tears, cracks, and other permit welds to be made that will meet
discontinuities that would adversely the weld quality requirements of this
affect the quality or strength of the weld. code.
Surfaces to be welded and surfaces
adjacent to a weld shall also be free from 5.2.2 Mill-Induced Surface Defects.
loose or thick scale, slag, rust, moisture, Welds shall not be placed on surfaces
grease, and other foreign material that that contain fins, tears, cracks, slag, or
would prevent proper welding or produce other base metal defects as defined in
objectionable fumes. the base metal specifications.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

3.2.1 Mill scale that can 5.2.3 Scale and Rust.

withstand vigorous Loose scale, thick scale, and thick rust shall be removed
wire brushing, a thin from the surfaces to be welded within 1 in of the weld.
rust-inhibitive coating, or Welds may be made on surfaces that contain thin mill
antispatter compound scale and rust if:
may remain except that
all mill scale shall be (1) The mill scale and rust can withstand vigorous hand
removed from the wire brushing; and
surfaces on which web- (2) If the applicable weld quality requirements of this
to-flange welds are to be code can be met.
made.
All mill scale shall be removed from the following:

(1) web-to-flange connections

(2) joint boundaries of groove welds subject to calculated
tensile stress

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

5.2.4 Foreign Materials

5.2.4.1 Surfaces to be welded, and surfaces adjacent to the weld,
shall be cleaned to remove evident quantities of the following:
• Water
• Oil
• Grease
• Other hydrocarbon based materials

Welding on surfaces containing residual amounts of foreign

materials is permitted providing the weld quality requirements of
this code can be met.

5.2.4.2 Welds are permitted to be made on surfaces with anti-

spatter compounds or protective coatings applied providing the
weld quality requirements of this code can be met. Protective
coatings are not permitted on web-to-flange connections or joints
subject to calculated tensile stress.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

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3.2.3.7(2) last paragraph 5.2.6.7(2) last paragraph

The discontinuity on the cut edge of the The discontinuity on the cut edge of the
base metal shall be gouged out to a base metal shall be gouged out to a
depth of 1 in before its intersection with depth of 1 in below its intersection with
the surface by chipping, air carbon arc the surface by chipping, air carbon arc
gouging, or grinding, and shall be gouging, or grinding to form a groove
blocked off by SMAW in layers not cross section with a minimum groove
exceeding 1/8 in in thickness. radius of ¼ in and a minimum groove
angle (ꭤ) of 20 degrees, and shall be
blocked off by SMAW, FCAW-G, or
GMAW in at least four weld layers not
exceeding 1/8 in in thickness per layer.
The repair may be completed by SAW
(except for active fluxes), SMAW, FCAW-
G, or GMAW with normal restrictions on
layer thickness and welding processes.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
3.2.6 Joint and edge preparation may be 5.2.9 Joint and edge preparation and
done by machining, thermal cutting, air removal of unacceptable weld or base
carbon arc cutting and gouging, plasma metal may be done by machining,
arc gouging, or chipping and grinding. thermal cutting, plasma or air carbon arc
Removal of unacceptable weld or base cutting and gouging, grinding, or
metal and backgouging shall be done by chipping, followed by grinding to remove
machining, air carbon and plasma arc residue and satisfy the WPS-specified
gouging, or chipping and grinding. joint geometry.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

3.3.7.1 Tack welds shall be subject to 5.3.7.1 Tack welds shall be subject to the same
the same quality requirements as the requirements as the final welds, except as exempted in
final welds, with the following 5.3.7.3. Tack welding shall be performed in accordance
exceptions: with a WPS meeting the requirements of Clause 5
(1) Preheat is not mandatory for single- unless exempted by 5.3.7.3. Tack welds shall be
pass tack welds that are remelted cleaned and visually inspected before subsequent
and incorporated into continuous welding.
SAW, ESW, or EGW welds.
(2) Discontinuities such as undercut,
unfilled craters, and porosity need
not be removed before the final
SAW, ESW, or EGW that remelts
the tack weld (see 3.3.8)

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

3.3.7.2 Tack welds incorporated into 5.3.7.2 Multipass tack welds shall have cascaded
the final weld shall be made with ends.
electrodes meeting the
requirements of the final welds and
shall be cleaned thoroughly.
Multiple-pass tack welds shall have
cascaded ends.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

This clause is new in this version of 5.3.7.3 Remelted Tack Welds. Tack welds made in
the code. accordance with 5.3.7.3(1) and 5.3.7.3(2) shall be
considered fully remelted and incorporated into the
final weld and shall be exempt from the following
requirements:

(a) Minimum preheat requirements shall not apply.

(a) WPSs for tack welding shall not require

qualification testing in accordance with Clause 7

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

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5.3.7.3 (1) Exemption Requirements. The following conditions
shall be met for the exemptions of 5.3.7.3 to apply:

(a) The tack welds shall be made in single pass.

(b) The filler metal for tack welding is listed in Table 6.1

(c) No other welding process my be used to weld over a FCAW-S

tack weld unless qualified by 7.7.7.1.

5.3.7.3 (2) Remelting Conditions. To ensure that tack welds are

fully remelted, the following shall apply:

(a) The remelting capability of the subsequent welding process and

procedure is verified by macroetch in accordance with 7.18.2
and 7.19.2.
(b) The maximum tack weld size used in production shall not
exceed the tack weld size used in the qualification testing.
(c) The heat input of the pass used to remelt the tack in production
shall not be less than that used in the qualification testing.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

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3.3.7.3 Tack welds not 5.3.7.4 Unincorporated Tack Welds.
incorporated into the final (1) Removal. Tack welds not incorporated into final
weld shall be removed in weld shall be removed in such a manner that the
such a manner that the base metal is not damaged. Base metal damaged
base metal is not nicked or during tack weld removal may be repaired when
undercut. Repair of base approved by the Engineer. If the repair involves
metal accidentally removed welding, it shall be done in conformance with 5.7.1.
shall be approved by the (2) Cracked Base Metal. The removal of tack welds
Engineer prior to making may expose cracked base metal. When cracked
the repair. If the repair base metal is discovered after tack welds are
involves welding, it shall be removed, all other tack weld removal locations in the
in conformance with 3.7.1. tension regions on the member shall be tested by
magnetic particle testing (MT) to assure that no
cracks are present. If the MT testing reveals cracks,
hardness testing of the HAZ shall be required.
Hardness values shall not exceed Rockwell C30 in
the HAZ. These excessively hard HAZs shall be
removed by shallow grinding.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
This clause is new in this 5.3.7.5 Broken Tack Welds
version of the code. (1) General. If a tack weld breaks before welding of the
joint has begun, the broken tack weld shall be
removed, and if necessary, replaced.

(2) Exemptions. Tack welds that meet the

requirements of 5.3.7.3 need not be repaired if the
tack breaks after welding on that particular joint has
begun.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

3.4.8 Members distorted by welding shall 5.4.8 To achieve or restore the

be straightened by mechanical means required geometry, elements may be
and/or by carefully supervised application aligned by:
of a limited amount of localized heat. The
temperature of the heated areas as (1) Applied force causing yielding
measured by approved methods shall not (“mechanical bending”)
exceed 1100°F for M 270M/ M 270 (2) Methods that use controlled
(A709/A709M) Grades HPS 485W [HPS heating with restraint or support
70W] and HPS 690W [HPS 100W] steels (including “heat shrink” or upset
or 1200°F for other steels. The part to be shortening)
heated for straightening shall be (3) With Engineer approval, by a
substantially free of stress from external combination of controlled heating
forces, except stresses resulting from the and mechanical means.
mechanical straightening methods used in
conjunction with the application of the heat. 5.4.8.1. Elements to be heated shall
be supported to minimize stress from
**THIS SECTION HAS BEEN gravity and external forces that would
SIGNIFICANTLY REWORDED. interfere with the desired results.

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Clause 3 (Now Clause 5): Workmanship

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

These clauses are new in 5.4.8.2. For any application of heat, the maximum
this version of the code. temperature of the heated areas shall not exceed
1100° F for A709 Grades HPS 70W and HPS 100W
steels, or 1200° for the other steels listed in Table 6.1.

5.4.8.3 Accelerated cooling shall not be applied to

steel above 600° F.

5.4.8.4 When mechanical means are used in

combination with heat, the force shall not be initially
applied or increased when steel temperature is either
below 40° F or between 300° F and 700° F.

5.4.8.5 Mechanical forces shall be released before

welding the element to other members.

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Clause 4 (Now Clause 6): Technique

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
4.1.1 Matching Filler Metal. For matching weld 6.1.1 Matching Filler Metal. For matching
metal, the electrode or electrode/flux combination weld metal, the electrode or
shall be selected from Table 4.1 for the base metal electrode/flux shall be selected from
to be used in the work. Table 6.1 for the base metal to be used
in the work. WPSs for joints involving two
base metals of different specified yield
strengths shall use filler metal matching
the lower strength base metal.
4.1.2.1 For weld joints containing
A709/A709M Grade HPS 70W and Grade 6.1.2.1 For weld joints containing A 709
HPS 100W materials, the maximum filler Grade HPS 70W materials, the
maximum filler metal diffusible hydrogen
metal diffusible hydrogen content shall not
content shall conform to the diffusible
exceed 8 mL/100 g of deposited weld metal hydrogen requirements of the AWS filler
as determined by AWS A4.3, Standard metal specifications optional
Methods for Determination of the Diffusible supplemental designator H8. GMAW with
Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, solid electrodes shall be considered to
and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by meet this requirement.
Arc Welding, with the preheat requirements
of Table 4.3.
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Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
5.4.1 Base-Metal Qualification 7.4.1 Base-Metal Qualification Requirements.
Requirements. The production For qualification of WPSs for approved base
base metals qualified by the PQR metals listed in 1.2.2. The filler metal, base
base metal shall conform to the metal, and backing used in the qualification test
following: shall conform to Table 7.1, which lists the base
materials that may be used in the test for a given
production filler metal and base metal.

Equivalent ASTM Steels shall be permitted for

use as qualification test plates in accordance
with Table 7.2.

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 Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

Table 7.1
Base Metal Options for WPS Qualification Test Plates ASTM A709 Grades (see 7.4 and C-7.4)
Base Metal Grade to be listed on WPS
Filler Metal
Strength to be
listed on WPS Gr. 50, 50S,
(ksi) Gr. 36 50W, HPS Gr. HPS 70W Gr. HPS 100W
50W
Gr. 36, or
Gr. 36, or 50, Gr. 36, or 50, Gr. 36, or 50,
50, or
60 or 50W, or or 50W, or or 50W, or
50W, or
HPS 50W HPS 50W HPS 50W
HPS 50W
Gr. 36, or
50, or Gr. 50, 50W, Gr. 50, 50W, Gr. 50, 50W,
70 or 80
50W, or HPS 50W HPS 50W HPS 50W
HPS 50W

90 __ __ Gr. HPS 70W Gr. HPS 70W

100 or 110 __ __ __ Gr. HPS100W

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Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

Table 7.2 (see 7.4 and C-7.4)

AASHTO and ASTM Equivalent Base Metal Grades

AASHTO
A709/A709M
Grade ASTM equivalent
Gr. 36 A36

Gr. 50 A572, Gr. 50

Gr. 50W A588, Gr. A or B

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Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
5.5.1 WPS 7.5.1 WPS Requirements for Consumables.
Requirements for See Table 7.4 for the WPS qualification requirements for
Consumables. See consumables.
Table 5.2 for the WPS
qualification If the name of a manufacturer changes (e.g., merger or
requirements for acquisition) or if the brand name or type of a
consumables. consumable is revised without reformulation or other
physical changes, such changes shall not constitute a
change that requires WPS requalification. New WPSs
may use the new identity based upon a PQR retaining
the old information. Existing WPSs shall be revised to list
the new identity while based upon a PQR retaining the
old information. Documentation from the manufacturer
explaining the change shall be filed with the PQR.

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Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
5.7.5 Joints not conforming to 7.7.5 Joints Not Conforming to Figure
Figure 2.4 or 2.5. 4.4 or 4.5
When the Contractor uses groove weld When the Contractor uses groove weld
details that do not conform to the details that do not conform to the details of
details of Figure 2.4 or 2.5, the WPSs Figure 4.4 or 4.5, the WPSs using these
using these details shall be qualified by details shall be qualified by test as
test as described in 5.12.4 using Figure described in 7.12.4 using Figure 7.3. Bend
5.3. Bend and tensile tests shall be and tensile tests shall be used to evaluate
used to evaluate soundness. The soundness. The mechanical properties of
mechanical properties of the weld the weld metal shall be determined by the
metal shall be determined by the WPS WPS testing described in 7.12, using
testing described in 5.12, using Figure Figure 7.1
5.1.
Test plates for groove welds in corner or T-
joints shall be butt joints having the same
groove configuration as the corner or T-joint
to be used in construction, except the depth
of groove need not exceed 1 in.

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Clause 5 (Now Clause 7): Qualification

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
5.23.3 Tack Welder Qualification. A tack 7.23.3 Tack Welding Qualification. The
welder shall be qualified by one fillet weld following options shall qualify an individual
break specimen made in each position in to perform tack welding for the process
which tack welds are to be made. The tack used in the test, for any thickness:
welder shall make a ¼ in maximum size
tack weld approximately 2 in long on the (1) For tack welding qualification only, the
fillet weld break specimen, as shown in individual shall make a tack weld no
Figure 5.28. greater than ¼ in. in size and 2 in long
on the fillet weld specimen shown in
Figure 7.28, for each position in which
tack welds are to be made.

(2) A welder qualified by Options (1), (2), or

(3) in 7.23.1 or by the test described in
7.23.1.1 shall also be qualified to tack
weld. Tack welders shall be qualified to
weld in the positions permitted by 7.22.

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
6.7.1.2 RT and UT of welds 8.7.2 Partial NDT of Transverse Butt Joints in Webs.
shall be performed in If partial NDT of transverse butt joints in webs is
conformance with the required and a defect is found in the tested length, the
following frequency uninspected remainder of the weld shall be tested by
requirements: UT or RT as required for the type of loading by Table
The remainder of the 8.1.
section has been reworded
or reformatted. If a defect is found in any test length of a weld in a
transverse butt joint in a web, the remainder of the weld
shall be tested by UT or RT as required for the type of
loading by Table 8.1.

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 Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection
Table 8.1
NDT Methods and Frequency

Member Design Stress NDT

Weld Type Joint Type Process Frequency
Type Method

Other than ESW or Tension or reversal RT 100% of each joint

Butt joints other EGW Compression or shear UT or RT 25% (See 8.7.3)
than in webs of
flexural members Tension or reversal 100 of each joint
ESW or EGW RT and UT
Compression or shear 25% (See 8.7.3)
Other than ESW or 1/6 of the web depth
RT
Butt joints in webs EGW beginning at the tension
Tension
of flexural flange or flanges for
members, ESW or EGW RT and UT each joint
transverse to the
Other than ESW or 25% of the remainder of
direction of bending UT or RT
CJP groove EGW Compression the web depth for each
stress
welds joint
ESW or EGW RT and UT
Butt joints in webs Other than ESW or
UT or RT
of flexural EGW
members, parallel Shear 25% (See 8.7.3)
to the direction of ESW or EGW RT and UT
bending stress

Tension or reversal 100% of each joint

Any
T- or corner joints Compression or shear UT
(including web to either 25% (See 8.7.4)
flange)

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

Table 8.1
NDT Methods and Frequency

Member Design Stress NDT

Weld Type Joint Type Process Frequency
Type Method

PJP groove
welds and
100% of each joint
fillet welds,
Grade HPS
100W
Any Any Any MT
PJP groove
welds and
fillet welds, 10% (See 8.7.4)
all other
grades

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

6.7.2 and 6.7.2.1 8.7.4 Fillet Welds and PJP Groove Welds. Requirements for 10% testing
were given in Table 8.1 shall be satisfied by 8.7.4.1 or 8.7.4.2 as applicable.
reworded/reformatted
8.7.4.1 Long Welds. For welds 10 ft or longer, at least 12 in shall be tested
in every 10 ft length. If a defect is found in any test length of weld, the full
length of the weld, or 5 ft on both sides of the test length, whichever is less,
shall be tested.

8.7.4.2 Short Welds. Welds less than 10 ft in length shall be tested on either
a per-joint or per-lot basis in accordance with either 8.7.4.2(1) or 8.7.4.2(2),
respectively.

(1) Testing on Per-Joint Basis. At least 12 in of each weld shall be tested.

If a defect is found in any test length, the full length shall be tested.

(2) Testing on Lot Basis. 10% of the total joints in a lot as defined in
8.7.3.3 shall be tested for their full length. Joints tested on a lot basis
shall be distributed throughout the work and shall be total at least 10% of
the applicable fillet weld or PJP weld length. If defects are found in 20%
or more of the joints tested in a lot, all joints in that lot shall be tested for
their full length.

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

6.7.8 Phased-array UT (PAUT) in 8.7.10 Phased-array UT (PAUT) in

accordance with Annex K may be accordance with Annex J may be
substituted for conventional UT (as substituted for conventional UT (as
described in Part C of this clause). described in Part C of this clause).

REMEMBER: PAUT is NOT a substitute for

UT when used in lieu of RT!

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020

K4.1 Personnel J4.1 …Additionally, individuals shall be certified as:

Qualification (a) UT Level II in accordance with 8.1.3.4 (1) and have
Requirements. …In supplemental qualifications for PAUT; or
satisfying the (b) UT Level III in accordance with 8.1.3.4 (3) and have
requirements of 6.1.3.4, supplemental qualifications for PAUT. This includes
the qualification of the Level III Personnel who collect and analyze PAUT
PAUT operator shall data.
include a specific and
practical examination that Supplemental qualifications for PAUT shall include the
shall be based on the following:.
requirements of this code.
This examination shall (1) A written test based on PAUT requirements of this
require the PAUT operator code.
to demonstrate the ability (2) PAUT examinations of at least two welded joints
to apply the rules of this (e.g. butt, T, corner) that contain real or artificial
code in the accurate discontinuities to be examined using a phased array
detection and disposition procedure written in accordance with this Annex.
of discontinuities. (3) 320 hours of PAUT work experience.
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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

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K4.1 J4.1 (continued)

Individuals meeting the supplemental requirements
except the work experience shall have data and reports
reviewed and confirmed by a UT Level II with the
supplemental PAUT qualifications or UT Level III with the
supplemental PAUT qualifications.

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
6.9 General 8.9 General
6.9.1 The procedures and 8.9.1 Procedures and Standards. The
standards set forth in Part B… procedures and standards set forth in Part B
govern radiographic testing of welds. The
Added additional requirements requirements described herein are specifically for
testing groove welds in butt joint in plate, shapes,
and bars by X-ray or gamma ray sources. The
methods shall conform to ASTM E94, Standard
Guide for Radiographic Examination and; ASTM
E1032, Standard Test Method for Radiographic
Examination of Weldments. The digital image
archival method shall be in accordance with
ASTM E2339, Standard Practice for Digital
Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive
Evaluation (DICONDE).

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Clause 6 (Now Clause 8): Inspection

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
8.10.1.1 Digital Radiography. At the option of the Contractor,
the digital radiography method shall be either computed
radiography (CR) using a photostimulable phosphor plate,
more commonly known as a storage phosphor imaging plate
(SPIP), or direct radiography (DR) using a Digital Detector
Array (DDA).

(1) CR shall comply with ASTM E2033, Standard Practice for

Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence
Method) and ASTM E2445, Standard Practice for
Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed
Radiography Systems.

(2) DR shall be comply with ASTM E2698, Standard Practice

for Radiographic Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
and ASTM E2737, Standard Practice for Digital Detector
Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability.

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Clause 7 (Now Clause 9): Stud Welding

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
7.7.5 If an unacceptable stud 9.7.5.1 Components Subject to Calculated Tensile Stress. If an
has been removed from a unacceptable stud has been removed from a component subjected to
component subjected to tensile calculated tensile stresses and no base metal has been pulled out, the area
stresses, the area from which from which the stud was removed shall be finished with no surface
the stud was removed shall be irregularities exceeding either 1/32 in. parallel to the calculated tensile stress
made smooth and flush. or 0.010 in. perpendicular to calculated tensile stress.

7.7.5.1 Where in such areas When base metal has been pulled out by stud failure, all resulting fractured
the base metal has been and projecting material shall be removed. If the maximum removal depth
pulled out in the course of stud does not exceed 3/16 in or 20% of the component thickness, whichever is
removal, SMAW with less, and after finishing, the remaining net cross-sectional section area of the
low-hydrogen electrodes in member component (e.g., flange) is at least 98% of its nominal cross-
conformance with the sectional area, no repair weld is needed, and the damaged area shall be
requirements faired to the surface at a slope not exceeding 1 in 10.
of this code shall be used to fill
the pockets, and If damage exceeds any of the preceding limits, the depression shall be filled
the weld surface shall be by welding in conformance with this code, and the weld surface shall be
ground flush. finished flush. A WPS in conformance with this code shall be used to fill the
depression, and the weld surface shall be finish flush.

Machine or grinding marks from final finishing shall be parallel to the

calculated tensile stress with no irregularities above or below the surface
exceeding either 1/32 in. parallel to tensile stress or 0.010 in. perpendicular
to the tensile stress.

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Clause 7 (Now Clause 9): Stud Welding

D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
7.7.5.2 In compression areas of 9.7.5.2 Components Only Subject to
members, if stud failures are Compressive Stress. In compression areas of
confined to shanks or fusion zones members, if stud failures are confined to shanks
of studs, a new stud may be welded or fusion zones of studs, a new stud may be
adjacent to each unacceptable area welded adjacent to each unacceptable area in
in lieu of repair and replacement on lieu of repair and replacement on the existing
the existing weld area (see 7.4.3). If weld area, if stud spacing permits (see 9.4.5).
base metal is pulled out during stud Surface finishing of the stud removal area is not
removal, the repair provisions shall required in this case.
be the same as for tension areas,
except that when the depth of If base metal is pulled out by stud failure, the
discontinuity is the lesser of 1/8 in repair provisions shall be the same as for areas
or 7% of the base metal thickness, subject to calculated tension (sec 9.7.5.1),
the discontinuity may be faired by except final finishing may be in any direction
grinding in lieu of filling with weld and deviations from the local surface are limited
metal. to a maximum of 1/32 in. in all directions.

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D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
Tubular Structures Tubular Structures
No Applications within this code NO APPLICATIONS WITHIN THIS CODE

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Clause 12: AASHTO/AWS Fracture Control Plan (FCP) for Nonredundent
Members
D1.5:2015 D1.5:2020
12.2.2 Fracture Critical Member (FCM). 12.2.2 Fracture Critical Member (FCM).
Fracture critical members or member AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
components are tension members Specifications define an FCM as a steel
or tension components of bending primary member or portion thereof
members (including those subject to subject to tension whose failure would
reversal of stress), the failure of which probably cause a portion of or the entire
would be expected to result in collapse bridge to collapse.
of the bridge. The designation “FCM”
shall mean fracture critical member
or member component. Members and
components that are not subject to
tensile stress under any condition of live
load shall not be defined as fracture
critical.

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 Changes to AWS D1.5:2020 Bridge Welding Code

Questions?

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