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Direct and Indirect Material

Indirect speech is used to report what people said to others. There are tense changes from direct to indirect speech. Adverbs of time and place are also changed. For example, "now" becomes "then" and "here" becomes "there." Questions are changed to indirect questions by using "if" or "whether" for yes/no questions. Commands are changed to using "to + verb" and prohibitions use "not to + verb." Adverb of manner tell how something happens and are usually formed by adding "-ly" to the adjective.

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79 views

Direct and Indirect Material

Indirect speech is used to report what people said to others. There are tense changes from direct to indirect speech. Adverbs of time and place are also changed. For example, "now" becomes "then" and "here" becomes "there." Questions are changed to indirect questions by using "if" or "whether" for yes/no questions. Commands are changed to using "to + verb" and prohibitions use "not to + verb." Adverb of manner tell how something happens and are usually formed by adding "-ly" to the adjective.

Uploaded by

nuzula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

INDIRECT SPEECH
Indirect speech is the speech from we use to report what
people said to us to others. In indirect speech, there are
tenses changes from sentence’s direct speech. Besides,
there are some adverbs that change in indirect speech.
Study these explanations.

a. In a sentence
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Tense Simple Past
She said, “ I cook dinner She said that she cooked
every day” dinner every day
Present continuous Past continuous
She said, ”I am cooking She said that she was
dinner now.” cooking dinner then.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
She said.”I have cooked She said that she had
spaghetti for dinner last cooked for the night
night.” before
Simple past Past Perfect
She said.” I cooked She said that she had
spaghetti for dinner last cooked spaghetti for
night.” dinner the night before.
Past Perfect Past Perfect
She said,” I had cooked She said that she had
dinner before they came.” cooked dinner before they
came
b. With modal verbs
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Will Would
She said,” I will cook for She said that she would
dinner tonight.” cook for dinner that night
Can Could
She said.” I can cook for She said that she could
dinner everyday.” cook for dinner everyday
Must Had to
She said,” I must cook for She said that she had to
dinner now.” cook for dinner then.
May Might
She said,”I may cook for She said that she might
dinner tonight.” cook for dinner that night

c. In a question
In indirect question, the tenses we use are also change
as in statement. But in yes/no question, we use “if” or
“whether.” Study these examples.
Example :
- She asked,” Where did you go last night?” (direct
speech)
- She asked me where I had gone the night before.
(Indirect speech)
Yes/no Question
- She asked,” Did you go to Anna’s house last night?”
(Direct Speech)
- She asked me whether/ if I had gone to Anna’s house
the night before. (indirect speech)
d.In command and prohibition
In command we use verbs like order, tell,
command, warm, ask, beg, and instruct. In
reporting command, we use “to +verb I.”
Meanwhile prohibition is the negative form of
command. In reporting prohibition we use “
not to + verb I”.
Example :
- She said,” Clean your room now.”
She instructs me to clean my room then.
- She said, ”Don’t be noisy.
She said to me to not to be noisy.
e. Changes with adverbial of time and place
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Here There
This That
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The following day/the
next day
Next Week The following week
Yesterday The day before/ the
previous day
Last week The week before/ the
previous week
Three days ago Three days before

2. ADVERB OF MANNER
Adverb of manner tell us how something happens. They
are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.
In general, adverbs of manner are formed by adding –ly
to the adjective. Some common exceptions are: well,
fast, hard, loud.

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