SESHADRIPURAM COMPOSITE PU COLLEGE

Seshadripuram, Bengaluru-560020
Three marks questions and answers.

1. Mention the basic properties an electric charge.

a. Additivity of charges.
b. Quantization of charges.
c. Conservation of charges.

2. Mention the properties of electric field lines.

a. Electric field lines may start from positive charge and end at negative charge.
b. Electric field lines are continuous curves.
c. Two electric field lines are never intersect each other.

3. Mention the properties of magnetic field lines.

a. Start from North Pole and ends at South Pole.
b. They never intersect each other.
c. Their concentration is more near the poles.

4. State and explain Columba’s law and mention its expression in vector form.
Statement: Coulomb’s law states that the electrostatic force between two point charges is
directly proportional to product of magnitude of the two charges and inversely proportional to
square of the distance between them.

5. State and prove Gauss theorem.

Statement: Gauss’s law states that the total electric flux passing through a closed surface is equal
1
to 𝜖0
times the net charge enclosed by the closed surface.

1 𝑞
Proof: The electric field on any point on the spherical surface is 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟2
0

The electric flux through surface is

6. Mention the sources of energy loss in transformers.
(i) Flux Leakage (ii) Resistance of the windings
(iii) Eddy currents (iv) Hysteresis.

7. Distinguish between p-type and n-type semi-conductors.

n-type semiconductor p-type semiconductor

n-type semiconductor is formed by adding
p-type semiconductor is formed by adding
pentavalent impurity to the pure
trivalent impurity to the pure semiconductor.
semiconductor.
Electrons are majority carriers. Holes are majority carriers.

Holes are minority carriers. Electrons are minority carriers.

Free electron density is much greater than Hole density is much greater than free electron
hole density i.e ne >> nh density i.e nh >> ne

8. What is TIR? And mention its conditions.

The phenomenon of reflection of total light when it travels from a denser medium to the rarer
medium at an angle greater than the critical angle is called total internal reflection.

Condition for total internal reflection:

a. Light should travel from a denser medium to a rarer medium.
b. The angle of incidence in denser medium should be greater than the critical angle for
the given pair of media.

9. Mention the properties of nuclear force.

a. Nuclear forces are strong attractive forces.
b. Nuclear forces are charge independent.
c. Nuclear forces are short-range forces.
d. Nuclear forces are spin dependent.

10. Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.

Intrinsic semiconductor Extrinsic semiconductor
Pure semiconductors are called intrinsic Doped semiconductors are called extrinsic
semiconductors. semiconductors.
The number of free electrons(𝑛 is equal to the The number of free electrons (𝑛 is not equal to
number of holes (𝑛 ) 𝑖 𝑒 𝑛 𝑛 the
number of hole (𝑛 𝑖 𝑒 𝑛 𝑛
Electrical conductivity is low Electrical conductivity is high
Electrical conductivity depends on Electrical conductivity depends on temperature
temperature. and dopants.
 Five marks questions and answers.

11. Derive an expression for electric potential due to a point charge.

Definition: The electrostatic potential at any point in an electric field is defined as the amount
of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to the point against electric field.

Consider a point charge +Q placed at point O. Let r be the distance of point p from O. Imagine
an unit positive charge at A with a distance C from O.
Force on the unit positive charge at A is

The small amount of work done in moving unit positive charge from A to B is

The negative sign because for dx < 0, dw is positive.

The total amount of work done in bringing unit positive charge from to r is

By definition, this work done is the electric potential at point p.

The electric potential
12. Derive the balancing condition for wheat stone network.

13. Assuming the expression for drift velocity, derive the expression for conductivity of a
𝑛𝑒 2
material where symbols have usual meaning. Define the term mobility. 𝜎 =
𝑚
𝑛𝑒 2
Derive 𝜎 = 𝑚
where the symbols have their usual meaning.
14. Derive an expression for effective capacitance of capacitors connected in series.

15. Derive an expression for effective capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel.

In parallel combination, the potential difference across each capacitor is same and the charge
stored in capacitors depends upon capacitance value.
16. Derive an expression strength of magnetic field at a point due to current carrying circular loop.

𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛( )
17. Derive 𝑛 = 2
𝐴 .
𝑠𝑖𝑛
2

Let ABC represent the principal section of prism and A be the angle of the prism as shown in fig.
At the surface AB, the angle of incidence is i and angle of refraction is r1. So the deviation at the
surface is.
𝜕1 = 𝑖 − 𝑟1
 18. Distinguish between interference and diffraction of light.

Interference Diffraction
Interference is the result of superposition of Diffraction is the result of superposition of secondary
two waves coming from two coherent sources. waves coming from different points of the
same wave front.
All bright and dark fringes are of equal width. Diffraction fringes have unequal width.
All bright fringes are of same intensity. Intensity of bright fringes decreases as we move away
from central bright fringe.
The dark fringes are almost perfect dark. The dark fringes are not perfectly dark.
Slit is not necessary Slit is necessary

19. Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion reactions.

Fission Fusion

Definition: It is the process of splitting of a heavy Definition: It is the process of combining the two
nucleus into two light nuclei with a release of large light nuclei into single nucleus with a release of
amount of energy. large amount of energy.
Energy released per nucleon is more Energy released per nucleon is less
It can be controlled It cannot be controlled
It takes place at all temperatures It takes place at high temperatures only
Total energy released is less Total energy released is more
Exothermic Endothermic
20. What is rectification? Explain full wave rectifier.

It consists of a transformer, two diodes (D1 and D2) and load resistor RL.
During positive half cycle of the input voltage, A is at positive potential with respect to B. The
diode D 1 is forward biased and D2 is reverse biased. As a result D1 conducts current and D2
does not conduct current. Therefore the positive half cycle of the voltage is developed across RL.
During negative half cycle of the input voltage, A is at negative potential with respect to B. The
diode D2 is forward biased and D1 is reverse biased. As a result D2 conduct current and D1
does not conduct current. The positive half cycle of the voltage is developed across RL.
The input and output waveforms are shown in fig.

21. What is rectification? Explain half wave rectifier.