Scribd
Upload
70 views

History Intro - 1

The document discusses the meaning and relevance of history as a field of study, as a record, and as literature. It notes that history is not just a chronology of events but shows how man and society have evolved over time in response to challenges. The document then outlines various primary and secondary sources of history, including written documents, oral sources, artifacts, and visual materials. It discusses the importance of analyzing sources for authenticity and accuracy through external and internal criticism. Finally, it discusses interpreting Philippine history from a Filipino point of view to promote nationalism and the use of history in understanding national identity.

Uploaded by

Trisha Lhey Echavez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views

History Intro - 1

The document discusses the meaning and relevance of history as a field of study, as a record, and as literature. It notes that history is not just a chronology of events but shows how man and society have evolved over time in response to challenges. The document then outlines various primary and secondary sources of history, including written documents, oral sources, artifacts, and visual materials. It discusses the importance of analyzing sources for authenticity and accuracy through external and internal criticism. Finally, it discusses interpreting Philippine history from a Filipino point of view to promote nationalism and the use of history in understanding national identity.

Uploaded by

Trisha Lhey Echavez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

Meaning and

Relevance of History
Minmin Ponteras
Ctto: Dr. Rowela Chiu and Ms. Ping Varela
• As a field of study, it is a study of man and his
achievements from the beginning of written
records to the present time (Gray, 1956, De Viana, 2015)

• As a record, it is a documented history of man


and his society.

• As a literature, it is an effective presentation


of unfolding events. The historian has the
ability to depict the unravelling of fateful
events and to portray the rise and
deterioration of character of events, ranking it
with novels and epic poetry.(Abbot cited in De Viana,
2015)
HISTORY is not merely a
chronology of events but a pattern on
how man and his society have evolved
from the primitive form to the present;
showing his ability to cope with obstacles
and challenges that he himself or nature has
placed throughout his existence.
Sources of History
A. Written or inscribed sources
1. Birth and death 10. School records
certificates 11. Government records
2. Marriage certificates 12. Business records
3. Directories 13. Police records
4. Church records 14. Books
5. Letters and diaries 15. Souvenir programs
6. Local newspapers 16. Hospital records
7. Census reports 17. Inscriptions – e.g.
8. Title deeds Laguna Copper Plate,
9. Surveyor’s notes Inscription dated A.D.
900
B. Graphics /visual materials and artifacts

1. Photographs
2. Heirlooms and keepsakes
3. Arts and crafts
4. Tools, weapons and utensils
5. Old structures and landmarks
6. Skeletal remains with funeral furniture and
paraphernalia

C. Folklore/oral literature
D. Oral history through interviews
Sources of Philippine history

BATIS
- stream or spring
- Spring of historical information
- The usual batis are documents
especially archival documents.
Types of Sources
1. Primary sources
- the lifeblood of history
- Directly talks about the subject matter
(De Viana 2015)
- Accounts of people who are direct
participants or eyewitnesses to an
event
Examples of Primary sources
• Minutes of meeting
• Diaries and journals
• Autobiographies
• Speeches
• Receipts
• Essays written by a person expressing his
views
• Laws
Examples of Primary sources
• Letters of instructions
• Decrees
• Letters
• Eyewitnesses’ accounts
• Official reports
• Newsletter articles reporting directly
about the event
• Editorials or books containing direct
quotation of events
Kinds of Primary Sources

Human fossils Artifacts


Kinds of Primary Sources

Royal Decrees &


Official Reports
Laws
Kinds of Primary Sources

Chronicles Friar accounts


Kinds of Primary Sources

Maps
Kinds of Primary Sources

Memoirs Personal Account


Kinds of Primary Sources

Newspaper Magazines
Kinds of Primary Sources

Legislative Journals Court Records


Kinds of Primary Sources

Speeches Personal Letters


Kinds of Primary Sources

On line databases Blogs


Kinds of Primary Sources

Documentary Films Recorded Interviews


Repositories of Primary Sources

National Archives of National Library of


the Philippines the Phils.

National Historical National Museum of


Commission of the Phils. the Philippines
Repositories of Primary Sources:

U.P. Main Library ADMU Rizal Library

DLSU Library UST Library


Repositories of Primary Sources

Library of Congress National Archives and


Records Administration

Archivo General de Archivo General de la


Indias Nación
Repositories of Primary Sources

American Historical Lopez Memorial


Collection Museum

Ayala
Museum
2. Secondary Sources

- Are documents or works made by


individuals who are not directly
involved in the events or made by
people who obtained the information
from somebody else or from primary
sources
Examples of Secondary Sources:

• Textbooks
• Encyclopedia entries
• Newspaper accounts of a meeting
• Magazine articles about a subject
• Teachers’ reports on student behavior
as reported by school counselors
3. General References

• A general reference merely points the


reader to the primary or secondary
sources.
• Examples:
• Contents of a card catalogue
• Internet publication stubs
- Abstracts or summaries of a book
• All sources of historical data must be
subjected to rigorous scientific
analysis to determine both their
authenticity and their accuracy

• through external and internal


criticism (Gottchalk, 1969)
Internal and external criticisms
External criticism is the establishment of
authenticity
• Its purpose is to ensure that the documents are
not mere forgeries or inventions

Internal criticism is the establishment of


accuracy.
• Its purpose is to evaluate the accuracy and the
worth of the data.
Factors to consider in
establishing authenticity

• Physical test
• Chemical test
Factors to consider in
establishing accuracy

• Author’s knowledge
• Time delay
• Motives and biases of the author
• Consistency of the data
ORAL HISTORY
• We all have stories to tell, stories we have lived from
the inside out. We give our experiences an order. We
organize the memories of our lives into stories.
• Oral history listens to these stories. Oral history is the
systematic collection of living people’s testimony
about their own experiences. Historians have finally
recognized that the everyday memories of everyday
people, not just the rich and famous, have historical
importance. If we do not collect and preserve those
memories, those stories, then one day they will
disappear forever.
• Oral history is the systematic collection of living
people's testimony about their own
experiences.

• Oral history is not folklore, gossip,


hearsay, or rumor.
Reasons for interpreting Philippine
history from a Filipino point of view
A. Foreign interpretation is biased and
prejudicial.
B. The Filipinos have greater familiarity
with and understanding of our own
culture and history.
C. The Filipino point of view can help
promote nationalism and patriotism
History as a tool in understanding
national identity
A. It can help in tracing the roots of the
Filipino people.
B. It serves as a tool in identifying
commonalities in our culture and
experiences.
C. It points out the need for nationalism in
nation-building.

You might also like