STM 007: General Biology 1

Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

Lesson Title: The Difference Between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Materials:

Cells SAS
References:
Learning Targets: www.courses.lumenlearning.com
At the end of this module, I should be able to: www.khanacademy.com
1. Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells according to their
specific features
2. Identify the cellular components common in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW

Introduction

Great day student! Did you enjoy last topic’s discussion? I hope you learned a lot from it. To check if
you still remember something from it, try to identify which of the following statement is true or false.
Write your answers on the space provided.

_________1. Bacterial cells are the same with plant and animal cells.
_________2. Bacteria has cell wall like plants.
_________3. Bacterial has cytoplasm containing the genetic material.
_________4. Bacteria undergo sexual reproduction like animals.
_________5. Pili in bacterial cell is used for reproduction.

If you happen to answer numbers 1,3 and 4 as false and the remaining numbers as true, you got it
right! You are now ready to answer this module about the differences between eukaryotes (plants &
animals) and prokaryotes (bacteria). To start your journey, answer first the following chart below.

B. MAIN LESSON

Content and Skill-Building

Study and analyze the following notes about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. As you go on, do not forget to
ENCIRCLE the important terms and HIGHLIGHT their descriptions.

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes have similarities and differences in terms of structures and functions.

All living things are made of cells, and cell are the smallest units that can be alive. Cells can be
place into one of two categories, prokaryotic and eukaryotic based on the presence and absence of
certain cellular structures. The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is prokaryotic cell is
mostly single-celled (unicellular) organisms that lacks of nucleus or any other membrane bound
organelles. While eukaryotes are multicellular organisms that has nucleus, characterized by numerous
membranes bound organelles such as mitochondria, ER, Golgi, chloroplast etc. The simplest type of
cell is prokaryotic cell which is bacteria, the oldest life form on Earth. Prokaryotes are organisms
made up of cell that lack of nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles. This means the genetic

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

material DNA in prokaryotes is not bound within the nucleus which is found in nucleoid region. In
prokaryotes, their DNA is less structured and usually a single loop. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic
cells have a membrane bound nucleus that encloses its genetic material. The genetic material in
eukaryotes is contained within the nucleus within the cell and the DNA is organized into chromosomes.
The DNA of prokaryotes is not located in nucleus or bounded within the nucleus, it is less structures
and usually a single loop. While the genetic material of eukaryote is bounded within nucleus and
arranged into chromosomes. Eukaryotic cells include both animal and plant cells.
All cells have some common structures despite the great diversity of cell types. One of common
cellular component that can be found in all cell types is Ribosome, it is composed of both RNA and
protein present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The ribosomes of prokaryotes are smaller than
eukaryotes with a size of 70s, consist of 30s and 50s subunits. While the ribosomal eukaryotes are
made up of 0f 40s and 60s subunits. Ribosome are involved in the process of protein synthesis.
Another cellular component that is both present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is plasma membrane. It
is the outer boundary of the cell, isolates the cell’s contents from the environment, and serves as semi-
permeable barrier that determines which nutrients are allowed into and out of the cell. Cytoplasm is
another organelle that can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It provides turgor pressure to
plants cell as fluid inside the central vacuole, it is site for all metabolic process or reactions and the
region where all the organelles are located.

Skill-building Activities

Let’s practice! After completing each exercise, you may refer to the Key to Corrections for feedback.
Try to complete each exercise before checking your work. Write your score on your paper.

Exercise 1: Based from what you have learned in your notes, fill in the Frayer Model below about
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Definition:
- Plant cells are the basic unit of life in Characteristics:
organisms of the kingdom Plantae. - They are eukaryotic cells, which have a
true nucleus along with specialized
structures called organelles that carry
out different functions.

Examples: Non-examples:
- parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells,
sclerenchyma cells, xylem, and phloem - bacteria
- fungal cells
- protozoans
-
- animal cells

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

Definition:
- An animal cell is a type of cell that Characteristics:
dominates most of the tissue cells in - Animal cells are different from plant
animals cells because they don't have cell walls
and chloroplasts, which are relevant to
plant cells. Without the cell wall, animal
cells can be in any sort of shape or
size as they are instead surounded by
a plasma membrane.
Examples: Non-examples:
- epithelial cell, skeletal cell, cardiac cell,
blood cell - bacteria, fungal cells, protozoans, plant
-
-
-
- cells

Exercise 2: With your understanding and observations, write the similarities and differences of the
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells inside the Venn Diagram.

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

Exercise 3: Identify each cell below whether it is a Prokaryotic or a Eukaryotic Cell. Write your answers
on the space provided.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

Check for Understanding

You have almost finished answering your module today. To check further your understanding in this
lesson, kindly answer the following activity below. After completing, you may refer to the Key to
Corrections for feedback. Try to complete this activity before checking your work. Write your score on
your paper.

Read each item properly. Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on the space provided.
Goodluck!

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

______1. Which cell component is NOT found in eukaryotes?

A. plasmid B. mitochondria C. cell wall D. cytoplasm
______2. Which of the following cell component is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A. mitochondria B. chloroplast C. flagella D. cytoplasm
______3. Which is of the following organelle is both present in bacteria and plant cell?
A. lysosome B. cell wall C. Golgi apparatus D. peroxisome
______4. Organelle that can only be found in prokaryotes?
A. cell wall B. nucleus C. pili D. DNA
______5. Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Prokaryotes are multicellular organisms C. Eukaryotes are unicellular organisms
B. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms. D. Eukaryotes are organisms that lack of
nucleus

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

1) Which of the two type of cells is more complex and larger?

Eukaryotic cells are much more complicated than those of prokaryotes. They are packed with a
fascinating array of subcellular structures that play important roles in energy balance, metabolism and gene
expression.
A eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus and has other membrane-
bound organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions. They tend to be 10 to 100 times the size
of prokaryotic cells.

2) Which of the two type of cells is more adaptive to moderate and extreme environments?
Prokaryotes are more adaptive to moderate and extreme environments. Some grow in conditions that
would seem very normal to us, whereas others are able to thrive and grow under conditions that would kill
a plant or animal. This is because they are the first forms of life on earth, existing for billions of years before
plants and animals appeared. The earth and its moon are thought to be about 4.54 billion years old. This
estimate is based on evidence from radiometric dating of meteorite material together with other substrate
material from earth and the moon. Early earth had a very different atmosphere (contained less molecular
oxygen) than it does today and was subjected to strong radiation; thus, the first organisms would have
flourished where they were more protected, such as in ocean depths or beneath the surface of the earth.
Also, at this time, strong volcanic activity was common on Earth. It is probable that these first organisms,
the first prokaryotes, were adapted to very high temperatures. Early earth was prone to geological
upheaval and volcanic eruption, and was subject to bombardment by mutagenic radiation from the sun.
The first organisms were prokaryotes that could withstand these harsh conditions. These adaptations,
along with others, allow bacteria to be the most abundant life form in all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

Thinking about Learning

You have reached already the end of the lesson today! Congratulations and thank you for doing every
task provided for you from the different activities.

 Did you have challenges learning the concepts in this module? If yes, what are they?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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 STM 007: General Biology 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet

Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: __________________ Schedule: ________________________________ Date: _______________

If none, which parts of the module helped you learn the concepts?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Some question/s I want to ask my teacher about this module is/are:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key

Answers to Skill-Building Exercises:

Exercise 1 Exercise 2

Exercise 3
1. Prokaryotic 3. Eukaryotic 5. Eukaryotic
2. Prokaryotic 4. Prokaryotic 6. Eukaryotic

Answers to Check for Understanding:

Activity 5
1. A 2. D 3.B 4. C 5. B

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