Represent multiplication of fractions 3

Draw a diagram to represent each calculation.

a) 3 × 1
5

1 What multiplications are represented?

a) c)
1
8 b) 3 × 2
5

c) 2 × 4
3

× ×

b) d) =1

4 This number line represents the calculation 4 × 2
1 1 1 1 1 3

3 3 3 3 3 ?
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3

× ×
0 1 2 3

Draw on the number lines to represent the calculations.

2 Match the multiplications to the corresponding additions.

a) 7 × 1
5× 1 2
+ 2 3
2 3 3

4× 1 1
+ 1 + 1
3 4 4 4

1 1
×3 + 1 + 1 + 1
4 3 3 3 3

2 1
×2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 0 1 2 3
3 2 2 2 2 2

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 b) 3 × 3
5 6

This diagram
0 1 2 3
shows 2 × 38
This diagram
shows 58 × 2
c) 5 × 3
4

Explain why Whitney and Alex could both be right.

0 1 2 3 4

d) 5 × 4
6

7 Tick all the calculations that the diagram could represent.

a)

0 1 2 3 4

3× 2 2 + 2 + 2 1 + 1 + 1 2 ×3 1 ×6 6× 1
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3
5 Shade the diagrams to represent the multiplications.

a) 5 × 1 b)
2

b) 4 × 3
4

4× 3 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 3 + 3 + 3 3 ×4 1 × 12
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
c) 3 × 4
5

d) 2 × 5
3
© White Rose Maths 2019
 Draw diagrams to represent the calculations.
Multiply a fraction by an integer
a) 3 × 3 = 9 = 2  1
4 4 4

1 Complete the calculations.

a) 5 × 3 = c) 5 × 3xy = b) 6 × 2 = 12 = 4
3 3

b) 5 × 3a = d) 5 × 3 =
7

2 Match the calculations to the correct answers.

6
3× 2
5 15

4 Convert the improper fractions to mixed numbers.

3 ×5 8
4 5
a) 5 = c) 18 =
2 5
1 ×6 15
15 4

4 ×2 6
5 5 b) 11 = d) 30 =
4 6

3 This diagram represents 4 × 2 = 8 = 2  2

3 3 3 5 4 × 35 = 12
20
because
4 × 3 = 12 and
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 4 × 5 = 20

0 1 2 3

Explain why Eva is wrong.

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 c) Rosie buys 10 bags of dried fruit.
6 Complete the calculations.
2
Each bag weighs 5 kg.
Give your answers as mixed numbers in their simplest form
where appropriate. What is the total weight of all 10 bags?


a) 7 × 1 = f) 9 × 3 =
2 4

8 Find the missing numbers in these calculations.

b) 8 × 2 = g) 2 × 6 = a) 2 × = 6 d) 5 × = = 3  1
3 17 7 7 8

b) 3 × = 15 = 1  7 e) 6 × = = 4  1
8 8 8 4 2
c) 5 × 3 = h) 2 × 10 =
8 3
c) 6 × = 18 =
11

d) 5 × 4 = i) 12 × 5 =
8 6

9 I know these all

have the same answer without
having to work them
e) 5 × 8 = j) 18 × 1 = all out.
8 3

7 Give your answers as mixed numbers in their simplest form 8× 4 4× 8 2 × 0.8 × 4 2 × 16

5 5 5
where appropriate.
4
a) A piece of wood is 5 m long.
How does Amir know these calculations are equivalent?
How long are six of these pieces of wood, placed end-to-end?

3
b) At a school, lunchtime is 4 hour.
What is the total time taken for lunch over a full school week? Compare answers with a partner.


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 b) 1
Find the product of a pair of unit fractions 4

1
4

× =
1 a) How does this diagram represent 1 × 1 = 1 ?
3 2 6
1
3

1
2 c)

Discuss it with a partner.

b) Use the diagram to represent 1 × 1 = 1 × =

2 2 4

3 Match the calculations to the correct answers.

2 Complete the calculations represented by the diagrams. 1 × 1 1

6 5 14
a) 1
5
1 × 1 1
4 3 12
1
3

1 × 1 1
1 × 1 =
7 2 20
5 3

1 × 1 1
5 4 30

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4 Complete the calculations. 7 a) A school’s lunchtime lasts for half an hour.
Huan spends one-third of lunchtime in the library.
a) 1 × 1 = f) ( 1 ) =
2
× =
4 2 5 What fraction of an hour does Huan spend in the library?

b) 1 × 1 = g) 0.12 = × =
3 7


c) 1 × 1 = h) 1 × 1 = 1 1
8 5 2 10 b) A running track is 4 km long.
Esther runs exactly half the length of the running track.
d) 1 × 1 = i) 1 × 1 = 1 What fraction of a kilometre does Esther run?
6 7 6 12

e) ( 1 ) = 1 × 1 = 1 × 0.1 = 1
2
j)
4 4 4 40


1
Brett runs on the same running track, but only runs for 20 km
5 Complete the multiplications. altogether.

1 1 What fraction of the running track does Brett run?

a) × = 1 b) 1 × 1 = 1 c) 1 × 1 = 1
24 36 40

Are there other ways to complete these multiplications?

Which calculation has the most options? Why?

8 a) Write 0.2 as a fraction in its simplest form.

When you
multiply two unit fractions b) Use your answer to part a) to work out 0.22, giving your answer
6
the answer is always a as a fraction.
unit fraction.

Is Jack correct? c) Calculate 0.52, giving your answer as a fraction.

Explain your answer.

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 b) 3
Find the product of a pair of any fractions 4

3
4 × =

1 a) How does this diagram represent 2 × 4 = 8  ?

3 5 15

4
5
c)

2
3
× =

Discuss it with a partner.

b) Use the diagram to represent 3 × 5 = 15

4 7 28

3 Match the calculations to the correct answers.

1 2
× 4
3 5 15

2 8
× 1
5 3 15

2 Complete the calculations represented by the diagrams. 4 4

× 2
5 3 15
a) 3
5

3 1
2 × 1
5 3 5
3 2 × 3 =

3 5

© White Rose Maths 2019

4 Complete the calculations. 7 Look at these methods of working out 5 × 3
6 10

a) 3 × 1 = ( 45 )
2
f) = × =
4 2 1 3
5 × 9 = 45 = 9 = 3 5 × 9 = 1×3 = 3
6 10 60 12 4 6 10 2 × 2 4
2 2

b) 2 × 4 = g) 0.3 = 2
× =
3 7

Discuss both methods with a partner.

c) 5 × 2 = h) 2 × 4 = 8 Use your preferred method to complete the calculations.
8 3 5 25
Give your answers in their simplest form.

d) 5 × 1 = i) 1 × 6 = 6
6 3 7 49 a) 1 × 5 = e) 2 × 9 =
15 21 3 20

e) ( 3 ) = 3 × 3 = 7 × 0.1 = 7
2
j)
4 4 4 90

b) 7 × 5 = f) 8 × 33 =
15 21 11 40
5 Complete the multiplications.

a) × = 5 b) × = 8 c) × = 1
18 15 10

Are there other ways to complete these multiplications? c) 7 × 10 = g) 7 × 5 =

15 21 20 14

Which has the most options? Why?

When you
6 multiply two fractions that d) 14 × 5 = h) 18 × 10 =
15 21 25 27
are both less than one, the
answer will be less
than one.
Is Whitney correct?
Explain your answer.

© White Rose Maths 2019

Divide an integer by a fraction 3 Complete the calculations.

a) 3 ÷ 1 = f) 6 ÷ 1 =
2 4

b) 3 ÷ 1 = g) 30 ÷ 1 =
3 2
1 Complete the sentences.
a) c) 3 ÷ 1 = h) 30 ÷ 1 =
1 1 1 1 1 4 3
5 5 5 5 5

d) 6 ÷ 1 = i) 30 ÷ 1 =
2 4
There are fifths in one whole. So 1 ÷ 1 =
5
e) 6 ÷ 1 = j) x ÷ 1 =
3 4
b)
1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3

4
4
There are thirds in one whole. So 1 ÷ 1 = and 2 ÷ 1 =
3 3

1 1 1 1
c) Complete the calculations. Use your answers to part a) and b) to
help you.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
2÷ 1 =
5

3÷ 1 = Explain how the diagram represents the calculations.

5

a) 4 ÷ 1 = 12
4÷ 1 = 3
5

2 Match the equivalent calculations.

3÷ 1 4×2 b) 4 ÷ 2 = 6
2 3

4÷ 1 4×3
3

3÷ 1 3×2
5 Compare answers with a partner.

4÷ 1 3×5
2
© White Rose Maths 2019
5 7 a) Work out these values if x = 1
4 ÷ 15 = 4 × 5 = 20, so 2

4 ÷ 2 = 4 × 5 ÷ 2 = 20 ÷ 2 = 10 4x = 4 =
5 x

Use Mo’s method to complete the calculations. b) Work out these values if x = 1
4

a) 6 ÷ 3 = 6 × 4 ÷ 3 = 24 ÷ 3 = 4x = 4 =
4 x

b) 10 ÷ 2 = 10 × 3 ÷ 2 = ÷ =
3
c) Work out these values x = 1
6
c) 10 ÷ 5 = 10 × ÷ =
8 4 =
4x =
x
d) 9 ÷ 3 = 9 × ÷ =
5

8 A large coil of wire is 12 m long.

6 Sort the calculations into two groups that have the same answers. a) How many pieces of wire 1 m long can be cut from the coil?
2

8÷ 1 8× 1 16 × 1 8÷4 8×4 
4 4 8
b) How many pieces of wire 1 m long can be cut from the coil?
4

16 × 2 16 ÷ 8 16 ÷ 1 4÷ 1
2 8


c) How many pieces of wire 3 m long can be cut from the coil?
4
Group 1: The answer is Group 2: The answer is


d) How many pieces of wire 3 m long can be cut from the coil?
5

© White Rose Maths 2019

Divide a fraction by a unit fraction 2 Use the fraction wall to complete the calculations.

1 1 1
3 3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1
6 6 6 6 6 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

1 Use the bar models to answer the questions and complete the calculations.
a)
3
4 a) 1 ÷ 1 = d) 2 ÷ 1 =
3 6 3 18
1 1 1
4 4 4 b) 1 ÷ 1 = e) 5 ÷ 1 =
3 18 3 18

How many quarters are there in three-quarters?

c) 2 ÷ 1 =
3 6
3 ÷ 1 =
4 4
Use the fraction wall, and the fact that 2 = 1  , to help you complete
18 9
the calculations.
b)
1
5
f) 1 ÷ 1 = g) 2 ÷ 1 =
3 9 3 9
1 1
10 10

How many tenths are there in one-fifth?

3 Complete the calculations.
1 ÷ 1 =
5 10
Draw diagrams to help you.

a) 2 ÷ 1 =
c) 3 6
1 1 1
5 5 5

1 1 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10 10

b) 2 ÷ 1 =
How many tenths are there in three-fifths? 3 12

3 ÷ 1 =
5 10

c) 3 ÷ 1 =
4 12

© White Rose Maths 2019

4 6 Alex divides by unit fractions using equivalent fractions.
1 ÷ 1 is
2 8 Here is Alex’s method.
greater than 12 ÷ 14 2 1
3 ÷ 9
6
= 9 ÷ 1
9
Draw diagrams to show Annie is correct.
= 6 ÷ 1
= 6

Use Alex’s method to complete the calculations.

a) 3 ÷ 1 = ÷ 1 = ÷1=
4 8 8 8

b) 3 ÷ 1 = ÷ 1 = ÷1=
4 12 12

c) 3 ÷ 1 = ÷ 1 = ÷ =
5 Write < , > or = to compare the statements. 4 20 20

1 ÷ 1 1 ÷ 1
3 12 3 18
7 Solve the equations.

a) 1 a = 1 c) 1 c= 6
15 3 33 11

1 ÷ 1 1 ÷ 1
3 12 4 12

a = c=
1 ÷ 1 2 ÷ 1
3 12 3 12

b) 1 b = 1 d) 1 d = 5
10 2 12 6

1 ÷ 1 1 × 1
3 12 3 12

b= d=

© White Rose Maths 2019

Understand and use the reciprocal 3 Work out the pairs of calculations. Use the number line to help you.

0 1 2 3 4

1 Match the numbers and fractions to their reciprocals.

a) 1 ÷ 1 = c) 3 ÷ 1 =
5 5
3 15

1×5= 3×5=

3 1
4 3

1 4 b) 2 ÷ 1 = d) 4 ÷ 1 =
15 3 5 5

2×5= 4×5=

2
x
2

Complete the sentence.

1 1
x 2 by a fraction is the same as
by its reciprocal.

2
x x

4 Complete the calculations.

3 is bigger than 2,
2 a) 6 ÷ 1 = c) 5 ÷ 1 =
so the reciprocal of 3 is greater 5 4

than the reciprocal of 2

b) 7 ÷ 1 = d) 8 ÷ 1 =
Is Eva correct? 5 4

Explain your reasoning.

© White Rose Maths 2019

5 6 Use the fraction wall to calculate 2 ÷ 4
4 5

2
1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 2
5 5 5
Tommy has written these calculations using the fraction wall.

4 ÷ 1 = 4 × 3 = 12 4÷ 2 =4×3÷2=6 2÷ 4 =
3 3 5
Discuss Tommy’s method with a partner. What has he done?
Discuss your answer with a partner.

Use Tommy’s method to complete the calculations.

a) 3 ÷ 1 = 3 × =
4 7 Complete the calculations

b) 3 ÷ 3 = 3 × ÷ = a) 3 ÷ 1 = d) 1 ÷ 2 =
4 3 2 3

c) 3 ÷ 1 = 3 × =
8

d) 3 ÷ 3 = 3 × ÷ = b) 3 ÷ 2 = e) 3 ÷ 1 =
8 3 3

e) 6 ÷ 3 =
4

f) 9 ÷ 2 = c) 1 ÷ 1 = f) 3 ÷ 2 =
3 2 3 3

g) 2 ÷ 2 =
5

h) 2 ÷ 4 = Explain how you could use fractions to work out 0.5 ÷ 0.125
5

© White Rose Maths 2019

Divide any pair of fractions 3
To divide a pair of
fractions, convert them
so they have the same
denominator and then divide
1 Complete the calculations.
the numerators.

a) 6 ÷ 1 = b) 6 ÷ 1 =
3 4

5 ÷ 1 = 5 ÷ 2 = 5 = 2 1 3 ÷ 4 = 3 ÷ 4 = 15 ÷ 4 = 15 = 3 3
8 4 8 8 2 2 5 1 5 5 5 4 4
To divide a number
2 by a fraction you multiply
by its reciprocal. Use Dexter’s method to work out:

a) 2 ÷ 1 = e) 3 ÷ 3 =
3 6 5 4

3 ÷ 4 = 3 × 5 = 15 = 3 3 5 ÷ 1 = 5 × 4 = 20 = 5 = 2 1
5 4 4 4 8 4 8 1 8 2 2

Use Rosie's method to complete the calculations. b) 1 ÷ 2 = f) 3 ÷ 3 =

6 3 4 5

a) 2 ÷ 1 = e) 3 ÷ 3 =
3 6 5 4

c) 5 ÷ 3 = g) 11 ÷ 3 =
10 16 4

b) 1 ÷ 2 = f) 3 ÷ 3 =
6 3 4 5

d) 3 ÷5= h) 3 ÷ 11 =
10 4 16

c) 5 ÷ 3 = g) 11 ÷ 3 =
10 16 4

d) 3 ÷5= h) 3 ÷ 11 =
10 4 16

© White Rose Maths 2019

4 Compare your answers to questions 2 and 3 7 Circle the calculation in each set that gives a different answer.
Which method did you prefer using, and why?
a) 3 ÷ 2 3 × 2 3 × 3
Discuss it with a partner. 4 3 4 3 4 2

b) 4 ÷ 1 1 ÷ 4 5 × 1
5 Look at the method shown to work out 4 ÷ 0.6 5 3 3 5 4 3

4 ÷ 0.6 = 4 ÷ 3 = 4 × 5 = 20 = 6 2 5 × 2 2 × 5 2 ÷ 5 5 ÷ 3
5 3 3 3 c)
8 3 3 8 3 8 8 2

Use this method to complete the calculations.

a) 3 ÷ 0.2 = b) 6 ÷ 0.4 =
8 Work out these values if x = 1  , y = 3 and z = 4  
2 4 5

a) xy


6 Convert both decimals into fractions to complete the calculations. b) x

y

a) 0.75 ÷ 0.25 = ÷ =

c) yz

b) 0.5 ÷ 0.125 = ÷ = 

y
d)
z
c) 0.6 ÷ 0.25 = ÷ =


d) 0.9 ÷ 0.25 = ÷ = e) xyz



xy
f)
z


© White Rose Maths 2019

Multiply and divide improper and 3 Dexter works out 2 1 ( 2)
2
H
mixed fractions

2 21 × 2 1 = 5 5 25 1
2 2 × 2 = 4 = 6 4

1 Dora and Teddy are working out 3 1 × 1 Use the diagram to show that Dexter’s answer is correct.
2 5
1
Dora Teddy 1 1 2

1 1 + 1 × 1
3 12 × 5 = 3 × 5 2 5 3 21 × 1 = 7 × 1
5 2 5 1
1
= 3 + 10 = 7
5 10
6 + 1 = 7
=
10 10 10 1

1
Whose method do you prefer? Talk about it with a partner. 2

2 Complete the calculations. Show all your workings.

4 Work out these multiplications.

a) 2  2 × 1 = d) 5  1 × 3 =
3 3 2 a) 2  2 × 2  1 = c) 9 × 3  1 =
3 3 10 4

b) 3  1 × 2 = e) 3 × 2  3 =
6 4

b) 3  5 × 2  1 =
6 2

c) 5 × 1 3 = f) 2 × 1 3 × 3 =
10 5

© White Rose Maths 2019

5 a) How does the diagram represent 4  1 ÷ 1 = 9? 6 Complete the calculations.
2 2

a) 3  1 ÷ 2 = c) 3  1 ÷ 2  1 =
2 2 4

Discuss it with a partner.

b) 3  1 ÷ 2  1 = d) 6  1 ÷ 3  1 =
2 2 4 8

b) How does this diagram represent 4  1 ÷ 1 1 = 3?

2 2

7 a) How many pieces of wood 1  3 m long can be cut from a length

4
of 9 m?

Discuss it with a partner.

c) Complete the calculations. Use the diagrams to help you.

b) Find the area of a triangle with a base of 3  5 cm and perpendicular
8
6  1 ÷ 1 1 = height of 2  1 cm.
4 4 2

c) A parallelogram with a base of 3.25 cm has an area of 12.6 cm2

Use fractions to work out the height of the parallelogram.

5  1 ÷ 1 1 =
3 3

© White Rose Maths 2019

Multiply and divide algebraic fractions H 3
3 3x
4 x and 4 are exactly
the same fraction.

Teddy
No they’re not, the
numbers and letters are
1 a) Work out 7 × 1 = arranged differently.
2

b) Work out x × 1 = Dora

2

Work out 3  x and 3x using the given values of x.

c) Substitute x = 7 into your answer to part b). 4 4

a) x = 2

3x= 3 ×2= 3x 3×2
= 4 =
4  4 4
d) What do you notice about your answers to a) and c)?

b) x = 3

2 Match each expression to a simplified version. 3x= 3x

=
4  4

x× 2 5x
5 2

c) x = 10
3
× x 4x
4 3 3x= 3x
=
4  4

2x
5x ÷ 2 5
Do you agree with Teddy or Dora?
Explain why.
3 
4×x÷3 x
4

© White Rose Maths 2019

4 Simplify the calculations. 6 Complete the calculations.

a) x × 1 = d) x × 1 = a) w ÷ 2 = c) 3 ÷ w =
3 2 3 7 w

y
b) 4 × y = e) × 2 =
5 5 3
b) 3 ÷ 2 = d) w ÷ 2w =
w 5

c) 1 × z × 3 = f) 3 × z × 4 =
5 5 2

7 Simplify the expressions.

a) a × b = d) a ÷ 3 =
5 3 5 b
5 Circle the expression in each set that is not equivalent to the others.

2a a × 2
a) a × 2 ÷ 5 a÷2×5
5 5

b) a × 3 = e) a × b =
5 b 4 2

2a
b) a × 2 a ÷ 2 × 3 a÷3×2
3 3

c) a ÷ b = f) 2 × a =
5 3 b 4

© White Rose Maths 2019