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Automotive
oscilloscope use

Copyright 2020 Matrix TSL

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Contents Automotive
oscilloscope use

Worksheet 1 - Simple analogue signals 3

Worksheet 2 - Manual trigger 5

Worksheet 3 - Non-repeating waveforms 6

Worksheet 4 - Two channel waveforms 7

Worksheet 5 - PWM and current clamp use 8

Worksheet 6 - Camshaft sensor 9

Worksheet 7 - Crankshaft sensor 10

Worksheet 8 - Exhaust pressure sensor 11

Worksheet 9 - Fuel pressure sensor 12

Worksheet 10 - Fuel pressure regulator drive 13

Worksheet 11 - Injector current 14

Worksheet 12 - MAF sensor 15

Worksheet 13 - Turbo actuator drive 16

Worksheet 13 - CAN bus signals 17

Student Handout 18

Notes for the instructor 26

Reference 30

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Worksheet 1 Automotive
Simple analogue signals oscilloscope use

Multimeters and clamp meters are great for showing us static values of
voltage and current in a vehicle. But when we are trying to diagnose
problems in systems that have signals that are changing quickly then
an oscilloscope is needed to capture those signals and display them.
The difficulty here is that to capture the signals you need to understand
how to ‘trigger’ the oscilloscope. This is not always straightforward.

The photograph shows a Fluke handheld oscilloscope.

Sine wave Square wave triangle wave

Over to you:
 Power up the Oscilloscope trainer. Read the section on ‘Using the oscilloscope trainer’ in
the Reference section to familiarise yourself with how the trainer works and its outputs.
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons (on the left of the display) to select the Generic
Sine wave.
 Read the manual on your oscilloscope. Understand how to adjust the time base, the trigger
level, and the trigger settings. Put it on Auto trigger for now.
 Use the secondary up down buttons to set the unit to the highest output frequency. Set up
the oscilloscope so that it shows a nice stable trace.
 Sketch the waveform on the space in the student handout and mark the 0V line in bold
 Fill in the square boxes against the vertical and horizontal graticules
 In the student handout fill in the tables for oscilloscope settings and waveform information.
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons (on the left of the display) to select the Generic
Triangle wave and use the secondary buttons to choose the lowest frequency. Sketch the
waveform again and fill in the table.

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Worksheet 1 Automotive
Simple analogue signals oscilloscope use

So what?
 On nicely regular repeating waveforms the Oscilloscope is easy to trigger. Setting the trig-
ger on Auto is probably going to give you the information you need.
 This is harder on irregular waveforms.

Our (very) rough guide on triggering an oscilloscope for automotive is:

1) Don’t use auto trigger

2) Don’t use auto ranging
3) Set to continuous run and get 0v traces on screen before applying signal inputs
4) Set vertical voltage range to the maximum expected from the input signals
5) Connect the input signals
6) Adjust the vertical resolution if necessary (if the peak goes off screen, or to expand the
view)
7) Set the trigger level to just below the signal trace voltage peak (assuming a positive input
signal)
8) Set trigger mode, if no trigger occurs, adjust the trigger level slightly until it does
9) Adjust the timebase to bring the signal feature into view

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Worksheet 2 Automotive
Manual trigger oscilloscope use

The trigger level on an oscilloscope sets the voltage at

which the scan of the oscilloscope trace starts. Trigger-
ing an oscilloscope can be a multistage process: put it on
Auto trigger, find out the peak to peak values of the oscil-
loscope, determine which part of the waveform you want
to see, put the trigger on manual and fine tune.

Photograph shows a Pico oscilloscope connected to a

laptop.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the triangle wave output.
 Switch the trigger to Manual.
 Alter the trigger level so that the left hand of the waveform starts at different points in the
triangle waveform cycle. Referring to the diagram above get the trigger to activate at the
small bule triangle and the small red dot.
 Answer the questions in the student handbook

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Worksheet 3 Automotive
Irregular waveforms oscilloscope use

Most of the signals in a petrol or diesel car are period-

ic - they are repetitive and driven by the engine cycle.
But some modern automotive signals are repetitive
but irregular and are harder to capture. Some signals
are not repetitive with the engine cycle but are driven
by events in the vehicle - like a CAN bus signal.

The photograph shows an oscilloscope showing a

SENT bus signal.

The waveforms you have looked at so far have been regular - they repeat over a certain peri-
od. Some waveforms - particularly digital signals - are irregular and harder to see using an
oscilloscope.
Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Exhaust pressure waveform
 Switch your oscilloscope trigger to ‘auto’. What happens? Could you take measurements
from this?
 Adjust the trigger voltage so that it is in the middle of the trace
 Switch your oscilloscope trigger to ‘Single’. Capture a single trace. It should look something
like the above.
So what?
 At a first glance it looks like the Exhaust pressure sensor waveform is not repetitive. But it
does repeat although the pattern is a strange one.

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Worksheet 4 Automotive
Two channel waveforms oscilloscope use

Nearly all oscilloscopes allow you to measure two wave-

forms at once. This is really useful where the timing of
two signals in relation to each other is critical or where it
is difficult to trigger on a waveform of interest: you can
trigger on one waveform and look at the information in
another.

The photograph shows a current clamp in a vehicle.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Dual trace waveform.
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 2.
 Try to trigger the waveform using the Auto trigger and the Single trigger modes.
So what?
When waveforms are not repeating regularly at the timebase you are interested in they can be
very hard to see with an oscilloscope.
Over to you:
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 2.

 Put channel B of your oscilloscope onto Out 1.

 Trigger your oscilloscope to Channel A to Auto trigger.
 Now trigger on Channel B.
 Answer the questions in the handout.

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Automotive
Worksheet 5 oscilloscope use
PWM waveforms

Pulse Width Modulation is used in all motor control circuits as

a way of controlling the power to a motor. The ratio of power
on to power off is pulsed many times a second to allow us to
control the average power supplied to a motor. This give us
speed control of the motor.

Photograph shows a handheld oscilloscope showing a sec-

ondary ignition signal.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the PWM signal.
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Select an appropriate trigger mode
 Use the sub selection up and down buttons to vary the PWM percentage output between
30 % and 70 %.
 Use the oscilloscope to measure the time the pulse is high and the time the pulse is low.
 Prove mathematically that the percentage of power is 30% and 70% for the two settings us-
ing the timings from the oscilloscope trace.
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 6 Automotive
Camshaft sensor oscilloscope use

The camshaft sensors is usually a three wire Hall

effect sensor that measures the presence of steel
under the sensor head. It allows the ECU to under-
stand the angle the camshaft is at and is vital for the
timing of fuel injection and ignition.

The photograph shows a Camshaft sensor.

This image shows the camshaft

waveform for a VW Passat.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Camshaft waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 7 Automotive
Crankshaft sensor oscilloscope use

Like the camshaft sensor the crankshaft sensors is usu-

ally a three wire Hall effect sensor that measures the
presence of steel under the sensor head. It allows the
ECU to understand the angle the camshaft is at and is
vital for the timing of fuel injection and ignition.

The photograph shows a crankshaft sensor. (in red

plastic connector removed)

This image shows the

crankshaft waveform for a
VW Passat.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Crankshaft waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 8 Automotive
Exhaust pressure sensor oscilloscope use

The exhaust pressure sensor measures the difference in

pressure across the particulate filter in diesel cars. This al-
lows the ECU to estimate the amount of soot in the filter.

Image shows exhaust pressure sensor for Nissan / Vaux-

hall / Renault cars.

This image shows an exhaust pressure

waveform.

Courtesy Pico Technology Limited

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Exhaust pressure waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 9 Automotive
Fuel pressure sensor oscilloscope use

The fuel pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of

the fuel in the fuel rail after the fuel pump. Regulating pres-
sure is important in ensuring that the right amount of fuel is
delivered to the cylinders by the ECU.

The photograph shows a fuel pressure sensor on the top of

the crank case.

This image shows a fuel pressure

sensor waveform.

Courtesy Pico Technology Limited

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Fuel pressure waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 10 Automotive
Fuel pressure regulator drive oscilloscope use

The fuel pressure regulator is a valve that is used to en-

sure that the pressure in the fuel rail is correct. The ECU
takes in the reading from the fuel pressure sensor and
controls the aperture of the valve with the regulator wave-
form. In conjunction with the fuel pressure sensor and the
fuel pump the ECU controls the rate of fuel flow into the
engine.

The photograph shows a fuel pressure regulator on an

engine.

This image shows the fuel pressure

regulator waveform for a VW Passat.

Over to you:
 Use the Trace Up and trace down buttons to select the Fuel pressure waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 11 Automotive
Injector current oscilloscope use

Injectors control the amount of fuel pumped into the cylin-

der. If the waveform is too short, too long, or weak then the
incorrect amount of fuel will be delivered to the cylinder. An
oscilloscope with a current clamp is a great way to monitor
the fuel delivered to each cylinder.

The photograph shows fuel injectors on an engine.

This image shows an injector voltage

waveform

Over to you:
 Use the Up and Down buttons to select the injector waveform
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Connect a current clamp to the oscilloscope
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 12 Automotive
Mass AirFlow (MAF) sensor oscilloscope use

The Mass Air Flow sensor is used to measure

the rate of air entering the engine. The ECU
needs this information so that it can deliver the
correct fuel mass to the cylinder.

The photograph shows a MAF sensor on an en-

gine.

Over to you:
 Use the Up and Down buttons to select the MAF waveform.
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 13 Automotive
Turbo actuator drive oscilloscope use

The turbo actuator acts as a pressure relief valve that

controls the boost output of your turbo, diverting excess
exhaust gases away from the turbine wheel. This controls
the speed of the turbine, preventing it from over-
speeding, and regulating the speed of the compressor.

The photograph shows a turbo actuator on an engine.

This image shows an turbo actuator

drive waveform for a VW Passat.

Over to you:
 Use the Up and Down buttons to select the turbo waveform check
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto Out 1
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is stable on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Worksheet 14 Automotive
CAN bus signals oscilloscope use

The CAN bus is the standard communication sys-

tem used in virtually all vehicles. It is probably the
hardest bus to understand. All you can do is cap-
ture the signal, ensure that the voltages are cor-
rect and if you have a smart automotive oscillo-
scope you can decide the CAN bus signal to get a
raw message - although the oscilloscope will not
tell you what that message means.

The photograph shows an ECU in a car.

This image shows a CAN bus

waveform.

Courtesy Pico Technology Limited

Over to you:
 The 250kbaud CAN bus signals are on CAN H and CAN L for all settings of the Oscillo-
scope trainer.
 Put channel A of your oscilloscope onto CAN H, and put channel B of your oscilloscope on-
to CAN L.
 You will see a CAN bus message repeated at set intervals
 Set up the oscilloscope so that the waveform is captured on the screen
 Follow the instructions in the Student handout.

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Oscilloscope training

Student
Handout

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 1 - Simple analogue signals

Setting Measurement Setting Measurement

Time per division s Period s

Voltage per division V Peak to peak voltage V

Trigger mode Auto

Setting Measurement Setting Measurement

Time per division s Period s

Voltage per division V Peak to peak voltage V

Trigger mode Auto

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Oscilloscope training

Worksheet 2 - manual trigger

What happens when the trigger level is higher than the peak voltage of the waveform?

_______________________________________________________________________

What happens when the trigger level is lower than the peak voltage of the waveform?

_______________________________________________________________________

The inputs to the oscilloscope can be AC coupled or DC coupled. What difference does this make
to how you see the trace?

_______________________________________________________________________

(You may need to refer to the oscilloscope handbook to understand how to change the settings.)

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 3 - Non repeating waveforms

Over to you:
 Set the timebase to 500us.
 Capture a complete cycle of the waveform. The signal is repetitive.
 Zoom in in time until you have just one complete cycle on your display
 Sketch the waveform on the oscillogram above.
Using your oscilloscope measure the width of each of the pulses (the time from when the wave-
form goes high to when it goes high again) in the waveform and enter the information below:
Pulse 1 ________________
Pulse 2 ________________
Pulse 3 ________________
Pulse 4 ________________
Pulse 5 ________________
Pulse 6 ________________
Pulse 7 ________________
Pulse 8 ________________
Pulse 9 ________________
Pulse 10 ________________
Pulse 11 ________________

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 4 - two channel waveforms

Over to you:
Why will the oscilloscope show a static waveform when triggered on channel A and not on Chan-
nel B?
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Worksheet 5 - Pulse Width Modulation

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
On time at 30% s

Off time at 30% s

Ratio of On to Off %

On time at 70% s

Off time at 70% s

Ratio of On to Off %

Worksheet 6 - Camshaft sensor

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 7 - Crankshaft sensor
Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

Over to you:
 Now select the waveform Camshaft and Crankshaft.

 Connect Out 1 to Channel A and Out 2 to Channel B.

 You can now see the camshaft and the crankshaft sensors together. Experiment with triggering
the pair of waveforms on each channel. Which channel presents the easiest way to view the
waveform?

________________________________________________________________

Worksheet 8 - Exhaust pressure sensor

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 9 - Fuel pressure sensor
Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

Worksheet 10 - Fuel pressure regulator drive

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

Worksheet 11 - injector current

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

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Oscilloscope training
Worksheet 12 - MAF sensor
Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

Worksheet 13 - Turbo actuator drive

Fill in the table to show how the settings you used to trigger the oscilloscope:

Setting Measurement
Time per division s

Voltage per division V

Trigger mode

Trigger channel

Trigger direction

Trigger threshold V

Worksheet 14 - CAN bus waveforms

What is the data transmitted in the CAN bus waveform?

________________________________________________________________

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Oscilloscope training

Notes
for the
Instructor

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Automotive
Notes for the instructor
oscilloscope use

About this course

Introduction
As vehicle engines get more sophisticated the signals used to communicate the state of the vehicle
and the state of the sensors in the vehicle are getting more complex. An oscilloscope is a great tool
for capturing signals and displaying the information contained in them and for debugging certain prob-
lems in vehicles. It can be argued that modern automatic diagnostic software systems can use these
signals and just advise technicians on the changes that they need to make to the vehicle. However
there will always be instances where it is advisable to confirm an automatic diagnosis, and it is always
a good idea to give technicians an understanding of how vehicles use signals to communicate infor-
mation between ECUs to help them in their everyday work.

Aims
The aim of this pack is to give technicians an understanding of how to use oscilloscopes, and how to
look at signals in a vehicle and preform diagnostic tests.

Prior Knowledge
This is a level 3 pack. Students should have a good understanding of how the basic electrical system
in a vehicle works, and should have undertaken a course in basic electricity.

Using this course:

To use this course students need two things:

 An oscilloscope
 Matrix Oscilloscope trainer hardware

Students could work individually or in pairs.

One of the difficulties we have had in designing this package is that there are a huge number of differ-
ent models of oscilloscopes available on the market and they all work in slightly different ways. This
means that it is not possible to give exact instructions to the students and you will need to give them
some time to read the relevant manuals.

Worksheet 1 , 2
We start off by getting the students to trigger the oscilloscope on regular sine and triangle waveforms
and to understand the basics of triggering. At this stage triggering is fairy simple and can be achieved
with manual or auto settings.

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Automotive
Notes for the instructor
oscilloscope use

Worksheet 3
Some waveforms are repeating but irregular which means that you can not use an auto trigger but
need to have a single or manual trigger. In this worksheet we get students to look at a MAF waveform
and capture a single waveform .

Worksheet 4
We sometimes need to trigger off one signal and look at another. This exercise gets students to look at
two different types of repeating signal and understand the difficulties of getting a stable signal on semi-
irregular waveforms.

Worksheet 5
PWM is one of the most important signals in modern vehicles. Here we get students to vary the PWM
and make some measurements to make sure they understand how power is varied in a 12V supply
signal.

Worksheet 6 - 13
Students should now have a good appreciation of how to use an oscilloscope to capture waveforms in
vehicles. In this section we want students to reinforce that understanding, to make some notes as to
the oscilloscope settings for several ‘real’ vehicle waveforms.

Worksheet 14
The oscilloscope trainer device has CAN H and CAN L outputs which give out the same CAN bus sig-
nal at regular intervals. Not all oscilloscopes include a CAN bus decoder, but if your students have one
then they can use it to decode the signal and see the CAN bus message.

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Automotive
Adding waveforms
oscilloscope use

Adding new waveforms to the Oscilloscope trainer

At the time of the release there are around 15 different signals on the Oscilloscope trainer. The trainer
is capable of storing twice this number and capable of generating many more digital and CAN bus
waveforms.

Adding traces to the trainer is carried out by using software developed by Matrix TSL that is not availa-
ble to the general public. To do this we capture a waveform using a Picoscope, we export a trace, we
then import the waveform into the encoding software, we then add it to the menu system and send it to
the oscilloscope trainer.

This process is a little long winded, the software is not customer friendly and so this is not currently
available to customers.

But if you have waveforms that you want incorporating on the trainer then we would very much like to
do this for you. In this case:

 The waveforms must be captured using a Picoscope.

 We may insist on a number of sales for the trainer so that we can cover our costs.
 You will waive any copyright in the waveforms

For each waveform:

 Capture the waveform using Picoscope
 Select FILE...SAVE AS and save the waveform in the psdata format
 In the case of psdata files containing multiple buffers, tell us which waveform buffer to use.
 Our output waveforms repeat from the end back to the start so you may also need to supply a
screen shot and mark a crop point where the repeat should occur.
 Give the file a name
 Send us a brief description of the file. Waveform description text is limited to 2 lines of 20 charac-
ters each and this appears on the screen for user selection
Adding new CAN bus messages to the Oscilloscope trainer
These are stored digitally and currently the same message is sent to CANH and CANL at regular inter-
vals. If you would like different messages then please supply us with the ID and the 8 data bytes and
we can do this for you.

Reprogramming the device

Instructions on reprogramming the device are given in the reference section.

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Automotive
Notes for the instructor
oscilloscope use

Learning Objectives

 Time varying signals: period, frequency, amplitude, level, analogue, digital

 Oscilloscope use: timebase, voltage range, trigger mode, trigger channel, trigger threshold
 Fundamental signals: sine wave, square wave, triangle wave
 Taking signal measurements from oscilloscope traces
 Sketching oscilloscope traces
 Dual trace oscilloscope use
 Signal phase relative to another signal
 Capturing CAN bus signals
 Decoding CAN bus signals
 Specific automotive oscilloscope signals:
 Camshaft
 Exhaust pressure
 Fuel pressure
 Fuel pressure regulator
 Injector current
 MAF
 Turbo actuator
 Crankshaft
 ABS analogue

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Oscilloscope training

Reference

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Using the oscilloscope Automotive

trainer oscilloscope use

1 2 11
4 5
3 12

6 7 8 9 10

Connections

Referring to the above photograph the numbered items are:

1. Power jack - 12V

2. Trace up button
3. Trace down button
4. Display
5. USB socket for reprogramming
6. Out 1 terminal
7. Out 2 terminal
8. Ground terminal
9. CAN Low terminal
10.CAN high terminal
11.Sub selection up
12.Sub selection down

Using the oscilloscope trainer

1. Insert the power connector
2. Use the up and down buttons to change the waveform that is emitted from the connectors at
the bottom of the waveform generator.
3. Put the Ground of the oscilloscope on the centre connector
4. Put the oscilloscope probe on the terminal you are interested in
5. Trigger oscilloscope to see the waveform.

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Reprogramming the oscillo- Automotive

scope trainer oscilloscope use

Prerequisites

 PC installed with Programmer software “STMFlashLoader Demo.exe” and USB driver.

These will be supplied by Matrix
 Firmware hex file: CP5050 Osc Trainer Firmware.hex or new .hex file with your images on
supplied by Matrix
 Micro USB lead
 Digital Volt Meter

Programming the LK9155 (PCB4566-2) with firmware

Connect the Oscilloscope trainer to the PC via a Micro USB cable (nb. Do not connect the
12v PSU)
Run the PC Device Manager and check that the USB port is detected.

It is
listed here as “USB Serial Port (COM11)”
In your case the COM number will likely be
different, make a note of it.
Run the “STMFlashLoader Demo.exe” (nb. It
might be identified as “Demonstrator GUI”)
You will see the following screen:

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Reprogramming the oscillo- Automotive

scope trainer oscilloscope use

The following screen should appear (some details

may differ):

Click the “Next” button and the following screen should appear:

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Reprogramming the oscillo- Automotive

scope trainer oscilloscope use

The following screen should appear (some details

may differ):

Select “Download to device”

Click the file select button and locate the firm-
ware Hex file.
Enable “Verify after download”
Click the “Next” button

The “Downloading” screen will appear, when successfully completed, click the “Close” button.
Disconnect the USB lead from the Oscilloscope trainer.

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List of waveforms Automotive

oscilloscope use

CAN CAN
ID Source Out 1 Out 2
Low High
1 Generic Sine wave (adjustable) Y Y

2 Generic Triangle wave (adjustable) Y Y

3 Generic PWM (adjustable) Y Y

4 Generic Dual wave A (sine) Dual wave B Y Y

5 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Camshaft Y Y

6 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Exhaust pressure Y Y

7 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Fuel pressure Y Y

8 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Fuel pressure regulator Y Y

9 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Injector current Y Y

10 VW Passat Diesel 2018 MAF Y Y

11 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Turbo actuator Y Y

12 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Crankshaft Y Y

13 VW Passat Diesel 2018 ABS analogue Y Y

14 VW Passat Diesel 2018 Camshaft Crankshaft Y Y

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Version control Automotive

oscilloscope use

24 02 21 First release
13 04 21 Second release
02 08 21 Instructions for supplying images and reflashing the device added
12 04 22 small changes

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