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UNIT LFUNCTIONSOF SEVERAL
VARIA BLBS
PartialdisferenkiatHon- Homoeneus uehions and Fuler's RerE
Total deaivaHve- change oMatiables Jacoblans- fanial
daafenentiaion o implieit ncHons -Taylors svies furchians
tuwo vasciabes8- Maxima and mnima fa functions t o
Vaiad agrangels meRod o wndebemhed mltplieas.
PAR TIAL DIFFERENTIATION
T fCay) be a
function af two
vaiablesa } and w ee
keap
eep as Constant and vany alone, thLn za function
Aonly
Constanb Called
The desivative z .T.t tAeating Os
desi vative . 7. to and it s áanoted
Hhe pantial, z

PRODLEN :o
I u= (1-y)(y-z)c-x) then showo hat+ +
Glyen- u=
(x-y) ¢y-t) Cr-a?

-y--1)+(e-)Cyt).

= (z-)(a-) - (z-x) (y-7).

-y) (-z) (x-y) (z-x) -

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r Unay= Uxyx
Gqiven u=z elog elog

=edg9* loga
+ogx
hg
e G
eo9a ( )
x

ylgx

Noo e logt ( glog

g ( ) () tog
etogt

om
3x
CO. 7. to n both Bdes
Sipg. pasidy

Is Jcag) =
lg a4y ,
shnd 4hat +
Given f log Vt4

2
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3

* 4

ay
FONC TOA6
HomoGENEO05 FONCTOA
EOLERS THEOREM EOR
funcio
A SuncttonfCA is said to be a homogeneous

dega n in and f ( t , by) = +"ftxy) fr an

Positive.

Saleals thaorern n in a and

i a homogeneous function f degree

hen + nu
PROBLEMS
sp u + + , ten find 8+
LAU MT 2012, ND 2014 R-13)
Sola
at ulz) =
+
u(t,+y, te) - +
4° u(y)
.'.u s a homogneo us funcHon a deq ee O

' By Euleals thenam

nu 0.u =0

3
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u tan' ( «' +y),+hen pove Rat + m.

Au JAN I4 A/M I* R-o8J

Gtiven u tan (
tan u 7+3
a-8
S3y) tanu =

t-t

fMng) .
ta a homogeneous unction degrea
isa
.By Eale9 herem

tanu = 2tanu
tan
2 u
secu BuL +ysec^u 4anu
tanu
Secu

2 8inu Cos u
Cssti
SinQu.

u-Co6 hen poe +ab +

[AU ND 2003, AJM 2or1 R-)
Leb u Co

Cosu +8
+7
4
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fib a homogenjus function of degret a

By Eueas-Aasem +y
CosuL oBU
Casu +
a(-6inu) -nu) o

homogeneos function af
degree n m
x &j
3 u B
hen
AU MT 20107

By Eule's hevem, 1+y M0

Hf O P.to 7. to *

+
24 +
m-1 -
f O P. w.. to y,

tn-

n-1) +(n-)y>
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M-1 nu)

value
f u r tai' L -y*tan' +hen find he

u Au Nov t3, UDJ

Given uca,y) = z* tai - y*tan

u(4, ty) t** tai't #y tan

.u is a hamogeneous funckion of degren à

b y kuleak heorem
nn-)
a-1)u
2u
pmve that
then

VR+ [AU A/M 2014 R-8

tan
-Sinu Cos4 ,
2 2ay + 4 Cos u
Boln
Given
V +
inu = t
v +9

VEx +VE

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'Ssinu is a thomogeneous unction of degee 2

By Euleas henem,
: ng
+y(sinu)
= i nu
inu)
Simu
Cau asu Casu

Cos

ecu u
+

- decu-:)
p.t9 . to
eeiu 24
+D
seu-]
Mulipying ( ba a i () b y addng,
t a y [ue'u-1]a

-Cbsu -1 1 sinu

Slnu Cos Au :aau-

4 Cosu Cos u
7
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TOTAL DERIVATIVE9- CHANGE OF VARIABLES -PART

DIFFERENTIATION OF tMPLICIT FUNC TIONNS

Find s when 3 a 3axy

Sofn
e fxng) a+f-3a
s/2 5-34
3-3a

31=) hen find

* = xlogCxy) oheie +
Son Gtiven - xlogtay) = z[bgz + lqy]

[ ) +[oga+lgal
1+lega+g

I+ lga+bgy +
Given +3ay
w .. t o

g+) - (d]
dy
da

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u=ty and v:aay, hen pove

4 gy)= y(u») oee

hat

Given'

- (ax)+ (ta)
-)+
2ay

&13)- )(«**)
4 4 t 4

4 - Axy au8 - 4" + 44

4
+4 au2 4y 44 4
3yu

4+ +4(*+*)

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Given he taan famatons u-e^0sy and -e siny and

hat a
funchion of and and alo 7 *
p10ve hat (u4va) 3
au
Soln
Gtiven u eCoy V-esiny
Cay u

Qu
av

(-V) + 99 u
: u+
-- 2 u

-a +
u uv 9uy +Vu +v:2 ag2

= 3-vu
Qu2
u +u

O2 Bu2

- u + ) +(u+9*)
u2

ou2 292

10
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Z (y-7, z-3,3-4) ,Shoua that 0

AU Jan 2013, Jan 2014
Sor AU DIS /J16 R-08, AU N/D 2016 R-08)
Leu -t, V=z- , w = 7-t
Z flu,v, u)

and y whea 1=e"+ë

Isz is a funcion e
and y e, shoto hat

SoTn
AU Am 2014 U.D)
Cven z-f(»
e-e

-e

11
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e" + +
(e - (e)
9A
Trastorm he aquattn Z +Zy t ° b chagna
He
he
ehanging
independent variables wimg u=i-y ad v=i*y-
(AU June 2a2)

V+

Ox2

++

du2 Ouoy vu

+ +

- Puay

0
4 74Zp +2 ZuyZyu=®|
4 + 2 udy - Ovau
0
z y y +Zuv - Zvu

12
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13

JACoBIAN
3 u,u2 ,Us ane Sunctions af ttree vaiaHu 1,2 As
hen u,Ua, Us

a(A,1, 3)

find (i)
a Teas® y YAin8,
LAU ND 2014 R-08,13 Au MIJ 14 R-08
AU DI5TI6 R-3, AU Ml3 2016 R-13
Soln Au ND 2016 R-13
GCiyen A=rCo69 y=TAinG
Cose, Sin8

- 1 9 , TCas8
|Cos -YSine
at7,0) TCoSO
sing

Cado+ 74i
T +Ai e] = 7.

(
e(7,0)(a})

ur , v: d*zindu
2
Soln'

)-

13
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- . - 23

3 M 2M, V=a and 1:rCos9,=vAn®, Evaluate

otu, oith out acuaAubtitutiom.

etv0)
Soln
Given =22yV -y2 TCog _Y=Tsin8

Cod6

2tu A7,8)
| |*|

|| Co« -1Sine
21 SnB

14

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424)(7c06'o +46in0)
-4(t4y#) 7(*g +i*o)
4 (x7
-47aso + si9)

- 4T3
Find he Jacobian a , Hs 0ith 7especk to , 22/9
SAU NID 20]6 R-13
M 14, AIM-5,AM1
Sofn
Eiven

-3223

15
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a15

1M21 41213

1,d213
+a

+1+| +1+ 4.
at ( 4 , , )
4

Son LAU JAN 14

AD DIS/DIB R-

*
2

9tu
2w

A+1+1+1+| 4

16

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I 4 +ytz - u, y+z = uv, Zs uvo, prve that 8 o

Schn

Glven u 1+y+z +uv

uV-z
UV-uVw

= U-u uy-uVw

-9 2 V-Vw

z uw
u-O

-uy

2 1-9 -
auva) U-utw -u19
19-c

- u - uu) uy +uv)(uu)+u.1)u? u(ru

-uuy+rw]u[uy-uoua
u-uA4u2
u
M C o f he transfamation
Fnd the Jacobian
[AU MIJ ao,
i n b Cos, y- Tsinesm4z =TCos0. AU DI5/TI6 R-5
oln AU MIT 2016 R-13

o(704)

17
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Z= TCos8
7 n 6in?
i n 0 Cos
X=-7in® 1n¢ 7Cos sm4 -76in0

TCos0 Cas Ain CA

Sin Cosf 7CDs0 Cosf

TCosIn 1sn9Casg
sm0 Aing
79,) -Sine
Cos
Expand wsing t d honw

+siTe
1 Cso sine
Tsine (caso +6iR 9) = vsin®.

18
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TAYLOR'g SERIE9 FOR FONCTION OF TNO VARIABLES

FORMULA

( 4 , 6 ) + 3kkfrob)4 3hkay(a,b)+Kfn6
whee n:-a , k=y-b.
Expand eesy about (oT2) up to thad degr tams

Function value at (6T2)

fCo Ta) cosVa

-ei -e'sh -
fxecony Cos T = 0

38-esy -e° cosa 0

xy -eAyny -esinmh z-i

Subotut all valus in Taytoo sei

ta)+ko +-4)-))+[A6)+ax(9-A)e-)4Y-ai]
t )5x(-M}-)+ 3a(y-Afo) +t-TAe

19

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Epand sin y n powens ag - And y-m up to second

denee twns byusin Taylo6 senie NID I7 R-13
AU N[D 2014, 2015 R-3
Puncion yalue at (Ta)
fM) =Ain(y) f(TA) = sinmh : 1|

CoST2 0
Co6 (ay)

6n + -

89=-a Sin (ny)

Taykon seniu ftay)= fta,b) +[fa lavb)+ k Sg (ayb)
:

x Ca,b) +3Akfay (ab)+**gtakJ.

Heye a=1 b2
h - a 1-1 =
-b -T/a
=

fta) + tx-)(0)+(g-T )X0)+ 27[t-(-5)+2[29y

I + - --T(-(y-Th)-ty-mb].

inpoues of 1 ad t o thad
Expand e logC+y) niu.
tams ung Taylas
denea

sh*k fry a)+ 3h*fy, lab) + kfgua b

+ a,) +

20

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Functionn value at (o,o)

o
fy)-elog*g) SCo,o)=e log1 =

y
0
fxx =
elog1 =

Heae a=o g be0o

fy- kay-b
0
fa** =
e'logi =

y-e

3(0)+ 3a*'y*) 3(-)+y®(

+

(ey-y*)+[»rg- 3ay).
y up to hird deqroe ceums
in pouers of
4 Expand esiny CJAN 6 R-
UsTg Taylor's seils.
Son

3[hua,5) +skfaxy(ab)+3hefayy(4)+ Pab]|

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Functtom Value at (o,6)

Sy)=e4iny Flc0) =e"slno =0

y = e"asy

Heae a:o, bzo

h-a :

eAiny
day ecosy
fayy=-e siny
tyy-esy

y)6r)+-)

55 Obtaln he TAylors seies ezpansion g°+ys++zy*tems.

inteams at pouers e -1 k y-2 p to hird degtee
L JAN 18 R-13, A[M Is R-ts, A/M 14 R-a

feng)fca,b) +[hfata,b) + y Ca,b

+ kuab
3h*RSAu(a.b) +3hKSxyg46)
4fax 6) +

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nction value ar (o,0)
-

f1,2) = (+8+4=13

3t4 7

2 4 16

+ 6x

4
2+2=14

any=o
Sngy
886

Sy)= 13 (7-a)+Cy-2)(167 + -6)+2(x-0«-2) (4)

+y-2)3ce»]
- 13+ 1(x-n+
Is(g-2) bta-1+ 8(x-1) (y-2)+ 14 (y-aJ

MAXIMA AND MINIMA OF FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES

Noc6aay COndikton o a maximunm 0 mlri um

f la,i) ö and ftab6)-0
Notatiorssa- y a:
and f*x (9,b)= A
9picient Conditiong s fta,b) =O, y Co,b) = o

y ob) =B, fyy tab)= C Hien

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a b ) i s maximum value Ac-B7o and A2o (er B40)

ii) fCo,b) is y Ac-8R70 and Azo (n Bro).

miimurn value
in) fCob) io not extAernum (sadda) AC 0
N) Ac-B=0 Ren he test is inconclusve.

Stationaay_value -
A Punctton feay) i 6aid to be statHornay at (0,b) o
4(ab)is said to be a statiomat value og flaz)

f fC46) =o and
fyab) = 0.

RO BLEMG
extreme Values of the funcHan fy)a + 3 -
+24
Fnd he [AU ND 14 ,R-3]

Given M,y) = «*+y37-1Ry-+0

A fr 6
B Sxy o
6
Ac-B C60 Cey) -(9 36**
To ind Stationay porms :

3-3 0 3 0

3(yL4)= 0

The stato nany poins ae

(,a),-2), (-,3), (-, -3)

24
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-2) |E 2
A 6 670 670 -640 -6<0

c-B 36" 7270 -72<0 -72 <0 72 70

Concusion miAimuwm Saddle Saddle Traximum

. maximum value f a y ) l
f--a) = (-n+ (-2-3(-1)-12(-2) + 20

-8+3+ 24 +20
38

Minimum value afA)

F1a) w°+ 23- 301) -12(a)+30
I+83-84 +20

Find he extheme values o y ) - * (1-x-y)

|soin LAD JAN 14, R-13
Sry) *(1-1-
-1-*
f 3 y - 41-3

A fax 6xy-à*-6g3
C
10
nd 3tatonaty poits

3 AS-3=o
x 3-2-3) =o

1 o, +7+*3 =0, y=0, 1+3 =%

41+530 21+3 2

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4+5 - 3

Subshtute - in ®

The stationay poinds ahe (0 s (%.)

A
6(a) (Vs)- 12(/4) (4-6(%) (%)
6x -laxx 6

B
6CA (V6)-9(2)°(') -9(%*C
6 -8x * -9*
- s- -

a x 6

Ac-B ( ) (-%) -Cla =z-4 70

A - 40o
' a 3 ) is masinum
Maximum valun of Hay) s(%, s)= 4 ( '3*(1-a-a)

26
432
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Fnd he maximum o minimum yalu g fly) 3 x - + X

3oln CAU J-19,R-IT
Gtvems foy)- 3-f+a*

A: fx =
6+6
B Sxy
C ay -
TD tind Stationany polnt

6t3=0
-y
3 ( + ) =0

-
The tationaty Poins ane E3,9
(O,0)
A 6t6 b70

C- -
Ac-B - ly 20 70
Conclusion 6addle Matimum

Maximum value ) s
f- 3-2-0+(-
3l+R)-8 13-8
Etamine #he matra and minma g fo)= «'+ 3xfL1-1
Au ausjT4R-B/ AU M/s 14,

3+3y. 301 + 7a
d 6-30
27
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A fan =6-3o

C y 6-30
find +he
stationaty pojn
64-30 =0
3x+ 530+72 =0
bx-s)=0

when
330+72 = 0

x10+4 =0
-6(1-4) =0
6, 4
'.The Aationa^y points aeb),o

A bx-3o 36-30 6 70 A-30 - 6 2 0

6
30
-30
C 6-30
-180 <0 180 0
Ac-B2
maxmua
Conclusl on addle
»
Maximum yale o fCaiy)
40) 4N+0 -I5(4)-0 +72 (4)
6-2A0+ a88
328

28
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29

LAGRANGE S METHOD OF OADETERMINED mULTIPLIERS

T nd he maximlon and minimum value g flxyz) okere
3z ae
subject to a Constaairt equatiou g(»y,z) =0
We desme a
function
Fauy a) =
f(ujrT) + 2g(14) phare a i Calted
kagaage multplhe7 which independene g a z
The necessay Condikions fora maximum 0 minimwn ane

and 0.
L
PROBLEMS to hae a votume o 34C
A retangular boc opens at he top s
Fnd. he dimasèns the bax, a t Tequinis he least material f
iconbuuëtion.
AIM 1* R-13, N}D I5 R-I, M/J I6 R-13
Sctn
et y,z be the lergth, bread4A and helght the brx.
Sunpace +yz +z
voTune yT 3
Fle) fayz) + agtay)
-0
F(ag) aytayz+ 217 +A (yz-32)
=

07+274lkz=o
+2z +Ayz =0 g+2*Axy =0
+ -A
+ -A a+21 -A

Fhom b FAa

29
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3

Faom 4

volume:yT 3.)
(&z(Rz)z = 3%
4T 3a

z 21

Dimension o he ba are 4,42

Find he dimenslons of the vectanguton bon wtaut top o

maximum eapaci ohase suacaea is oB S Crm.
L3an 18 R-17]
e T be Hhe lengR, breadth & height he tot

Sugaca aea
8+ yzt2z1 ai08 8
Volum 2Y f
F ( z , A) = *yz+ Al *y +yz4 ztu-108) 7 O
Fa 0
Fz =0
zt (+az) =0 AZ+ (a+2z) =0 ag+ a(a+2y)=©
97 -Atytat) aZ - (4+az)
y -A(21+)
+&T
AZ 2 -

79
Fhom FAom ) O

30
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31

PAom

Susface orea: 4+yz + 2Ti = |08

) Caz) +(2z)z + 2zl2z) = lo8
4z+ 4 + 4z=l08
12z= lo8

6 6 z =3
'.TL dimenstons ne
6,6,3.
The temperakure ulayz) a any Pomt in paca s u=400 ye
Fnd he ighesk tmperatune on sungace g #e
sphene z*jz
sola
ND-IR-15, AJM-18, R-3
Given u=f: 400ayz
y+z
F( ) = 400x + 2(d+-) OO
Fz 0
400yz+A(2«) =0 400 az"+A(®y)=0 800 ayz + e ) =©
400y -2 400z"=-ay 8002yz : -iez
400z - 400 7 -A
800 2 -A
ooyz ooaz -A 400 -A

FAom
FRm

z a
& z
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32

Aon

e iave +y*+zd =

4=I> at-I> z2 => z = F

)= *=¢ >
1=t
()= * 3-*
Fempesattge u= 400xyz

4 ()(L)(E
Ma xinum tempeAatate 50d.

Findhe maxmum volume he tangest Teckugula

pahallelopiped that can be inscibed in an elupsord
AfM 2015 R3, AU ND 25

So
So t the ventex ac he patallelopiced. be , },T)
Att othea Venlices wilt be (t, ty,t)
Sids ha solid be 2 , ay, az
yotume V= () ay) Caz)
Ne ave to
=
8zyt =f
maximiza V
subjece to tha Cenditicn

FCay)wyr+ (
70

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23

F o Fz
8y+ 2=0 8N =o 8 + =o
C
8nz = 2 y
a2

- 2A
8-2

-41zy
4

Given

3x2

Simlaksly V3
Exthemum point is
/ maximum faitt
Maximum valu is V- 8[
8 ab
3
Find he maximum Vatue
zP wfen ++z=a

+y+z-a
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3

F( A) y" P +A(x+y+z -a) 0

Fr 0
Fy=0 Fz =0
ma P+a =0 nt"e+A=o py Azo
m = -A PnP= -A
ma -A -A p"
FAom O
M yhzP

Galven 1 + + z := a

a
+ +P =

y + n y + P =ha

(m+n+p) =ha
no

m+n+ P?
Pa
Mso ma Z
m+n+P m+n+P
na Pa
The Stationany point 4 am
m+n+p mtntP m-+n+P
'Maxirnum value o f
am an ap
mm +n+P mt+P mt+P
amtntpP
mttp) m*n+p
4

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3S

Find he minimium yalus o yz3 subject to ha Condtton

At }t3z =a LAU M/J 200, Au 2017 -R-]
Soln

d = ax4 y+3z-a
O
F(xy., ) =yz3+ (21+y4 3z-4)
Fy Fz 0

yz -a) 3'yz -3
yz -A

FAom & Ftom &

ayz 3
z
FAom
-z
Civen + + 3z = a

az + z + 3z = a

Thtalionay point is ( 4).

.' Minimum Value o $ (1

Find he shatest ard he lngost distances om poit

(1,2,-i)to +he 4pe2 tR+z*=24 using Lagrngels meod
oContaimed maxima. and minbma CAU ND 2016 R-
Sln
Let (8z) e An poimt o he 4phae.

35
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35

Distana ef he point (xtz) fom (,3,-) i6 ven by

de(x-1+(y-a* 4(z+)"
h hae to find he7maximum and minrrum Values o d.
d (1-* +Cy-a)°+ (z+is subjeet to y - 4 =0

(*-1(g-2)*+ (z+i (x+y+-24)70

FMy,) +

Fr0
Fr0
|tt-1) +aAn = o

A-I+Al =0
ay-)+ady=0 (z+1)4 2dz =o

1 A) =
4-2y=0 z+I + Az 20

+ )z =-

Griven 4
( - z ) +C-2z+7= *4

z 44 +2 4

6z 4
= 4

44 Z then z - and J -+
The point is --4,2)j d- NP+z+¢: NE
3 -2, hen 2
and - 4
ihe point s 4 , - a ) ; d: p * + ( 4 + 3 : 3N6

.'.Shotst and longest distances ane VE and NE.

L
36
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