Nabua National High School

Senior High School

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1

(Practical Research 1)

Name of Student: _____________________________________________________________________

Grade-Strand-Section: _______________________________Date:_____________________________

I. OBJECTIVES
After finishing this module, the learners should be able to:
1. differentiate qualitative from quantitative research.

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Good Day! In today’s lesson we are going to identify and understand the differences between
the Quantitative and Qualitative research designs. It is important for a student-researcher like you to
know which of these approaches is the most appropriate for your study by learning the fundamental
characteristics of each design.

Qualitative and Quantitative Research

The research method determines the approach the researcher takes in identifying relevant data for the
research and collecting and analyzing the information gathered in the research. Choosing either a
quantitative or qualitative approach will affect the components of the research.

1. Qualitative Research
➢ is concerned with non-statistical methods of inquiry and analysis of social phenomena. It draws on
an inductive process in which themes and categories emerge through an analysis of data collected
by such techniques as interviews, observations, videotapes and case studies.
Samples are usually small and are often purposively selected.
➢ this design seeks to answer questions about why and how people behave in the way that they do. It
provides in-depth information about human behavior (SkillsYouNeed.com, 2017).
➢ it is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons,
opinions and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or
hypotheses for potential quantitative research. It is also used to uncover trends in thought and
opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.
➢ Qualitative data collection methods vary using unstructured or semi-structured techniques. Some
common methods include focus groups (group discussions), individual interviews and
participation/observations. The sample size is typically small and respondents are selected to fulfill a
given quota. (Wyse, 2011)
➢ Qualitative research is an inductive, subjective process of inquiry done in a natural setting in order to
build a complex, holistic picture, described in words, including the detailed views of the informants
are reported in informal, personal language. (Tabinas, 2014)

2. Quantitative Research
➢ traditional positivist scientific method which refer to a general set of orderly, disciplined procedures
to acquire information (Polit and Beck, 2004)
➢ explaining phenomenon by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based
methods (Aliaga and Gunderson, 2005; Skills YouNeed.com, 2017)
➢ this design is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be
transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors and other
defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population
➢ this data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper surveys,
mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal
studies, website interceptors, online polls and systematic observations. (Wyse, 2011)
 Comparison Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Qualitative Quantitative
A systematic subjective approach A formal, objective, systematic
used to describe life experiences process for obtaining information
and give them meaning. about the world. A method used to
Definition
describe, test relationships and
examine cause and effect
relationships.
To gain insight; explore the depth, To test relationships, describe,
Goals richness and complexity inherent examine cause and effect
in the phenomenon. relations.
Seeks to explore, explain and
understand some phenomena – Seeks to confirm a hypothesis
What? and Why? about some phenomena – What?
and How many?

Characteristics Soft Science Hard Science

Focus: complex and broad Focus: concise and narrow
Holistic Reductionist
Subjective Objective
Dialectic, inductive reasoning Logistic, deductive reasoning
Basis of knowing: meaning and Basis of knowing: cause and
discovery effect, relationships
Develops theory (Theory
Tests theory (Theory Testing)
Emergent)
Shared interpretation Control
Methods: less structured; Data Highly structured methods: Data
gathered through interviews, gathered through the use
observations, content analysis, of tools, equipment,
etc. questionnaires, etc.
Communication and observation Instruments
Asks open-ended questions in an Asks closed-ended questions that
effort to explore give quantifiable answers
Data provided as a narrative, Data is in the form of numbers and
pictures, or objects statistical results
Basic element of analysis:
Basic element of analysis: words
numbers
Individual interpretation Statistical analysis
Results may be presented
subjectively – may reveal biases, Results are documented using
values or experiences that impact objective language
how the results are interpreted
Uniqueness Generalization
III. ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1.
Directions: For this task, read and comprehend each statement. Write YES if it is correct and
change the underlined word/s if not. Write your answers on your notebook.
_________1. Quantitative research uses non-statistical methods to gather and interpret data.
_________2. Qualitative research asks close-ended questions in interviews.
_________3. Qualitative research aims to explore and explain a phenomenon in study.
_________4. Quantitative design’s goal is to test and confirm a hypothesis in the research.
_________5. Qualitative research is concise and broad compared to quantitative research.

ACTIVITY 2.
Directions: Read the following examples and decide whether the statement can be studied
using Quantitative or Qualitative research. Write QN for Quantitative and QL for Qualitative.
Write your answers on your notebook.

_______1. Maria wanted to find out the why some children frequently misbehaves.
_______2. Drinking two tablets of paracetamol is more effective than one.
_______3. A business owner wants to know if his company is performing well compared to his
competitors.
_______4. Coping mechanisms when losing a loved one
_______5. How much water is absorbed by different brands of tissue?

ACTIVITY 3.
Directions: Study the table below and try to fill in the missing characteristics of qualitative and
quantitative research based on their counterparts. Write your answers on your notebook.

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

1. subjective

deductive reasoning 2.

3. theory emergent

closed-ended questions 4.

5. uniqueness

reductionist 6.

numbers 7.

8. seeks to confirm a hypothesis

Highly structured 9.

10. meaning and discovery

IV. ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3

1. statistical 1. QL 1. Objective
2. open - ended 2. QN 2. Inductive reasoning
3. YES 3. QN 3. Theory testing/testing hypothesis
4. YES 4. QL 4. Open - ended questions
5. Complex 5. QN 5. Generalization
6. Holistic
7. Words/narrative
8. Seeks to confirm a hypothesis
9. Less structured
10. Cause and effect relationship

V. REFERENCES

Cristobal, A. P. & Cristobal M. C. D. (2017). Practical research for senior high school. Quezon
City, Manila: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Jerusalem, V. L., Garcia, M. D. R., Palencia, J. M. & Palencia, M. M. (2017). Practical

Research 1: Basics of qualitative research. Sampaloc, Manila: Fastbooks

Matira, M. D. (2016). Practical research for the 21st Century Learners. Sampaloc, Manila: St.
Augustine Publications, Inc.

Prepared by:

ARIANE NEL G. SEDANO

Teacher I

Evaluated by:

LORLEINE P. MANAUIS, PhD

Master Teacher II

Approved by:

MOISES C. CABIDA JR., PhD

Sec. School Principal IV