Scribd
Upload
80 views

Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 Revision Notes

This document summarizes analytical chemistry concepts related to bases and their reactions. It discusses: 1) How water soluble bases like NaOH and KOH form precipitates when reacted with salts of metals like calcium, zinc, and copper, forming metal hydroxides. Some metal hydroxides then form water soluble complex compounds when treated with excess alkali. 2) How sodium hydroxide reacts with metal salt solutions, precipitating out metal hydroxides and sodium salts. Excess sodium hydroxide forms water soluble complexes from some metal hydroxides like sodium zincate. 3) How ammonium hydroxide reacts similarly but can also form different metal ammine hydroxy complexes from some

Uploaded by

sam smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
80 views

Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 Revision Notes

This document summarizes analytical chemistry concepts related to bases and their reactions. It discusses: 1) How water soluble bases like NaOH and KOH form precipitates when reacted with salts of metals like calcium, zinc, and copper, forming metal hydroxides. Some metal hydroxides then form water soluble complex compounds when treated with excess alkali. 2) How sodium hydroxide reacts with metal salt solutions, precipitating out metal hydroxides and sodium salts. Excess sodium hydroxide forms water soluble complexes from some metal hydroxides like sodium zincate. 3) How ammonium hydroxide reacts similarly but can also form different metal ammine hydroxy complexes from some

Uploaded by

sam smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Analytical Chemistry – Summary Notes

 Water soluble bases such as NaOH and KOH are called alkalis. Water insoluble bases such
as CaO, ZnO, and CuO are called non-alkalis. Salts of metals like Ca, Zn, Pb, Mg, Al, Cu,
Fe, etc., react with alkalis like NaOH and NH 4OH to form precipitate of the metal
hydroxides.
Some of these metal hydroxides react with excess of alkalis to form water soluble complex
compounds like sodium zincate  Na2 ZnO2  , sodium plumbate  Na2 PbO2  , etc.
 Action of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) on Metal Salt Solutions
The action of sodium hydroxide on metal salt solutions precipitates the metal hydroxides
and sodium salts. Some of the metal hydroxides like ferric hydroxide  Fe  OH 3  , ferrous
hydroxide  Fe  OH 2  , copper hydroxide Cu  OH 2  , magnesium hydroxide
 Mg  OH 2  , etc., remain unaffected by the addition of sodium hydroxide in excess.
Some of the metal hydroxides on treating with excess of sodium hydroxide form water
soluble complex. For example, sodium zincate  Na2 ZnO2  , sodium plumbate  Na2 PbO2 
and sodium aluminate  2NaAlO2  are formed by adding excess of sodium hydroxide to
zinc hydroxide  Zn  OH 2  , lead hydroxide  Pb  OH 2  and aluminium hydroxide
 Al  OH 3  respectively.

 Action of Ammonium Hydroxide  NH 4OH  on Metal Salt Solutions


The action of ammonium hydroxide on metal salt solutions precipitates the metal
hydroxides and ammonium salts. Some of the metal hydroxides undergo further reaction
with excess of ammonium hydroxide to form different metal ammine hydroxy complexes.
For example, copper hydroxide forms tetra-ammine copper hydroxide and zinc hydroxide.
Some of the metal hydroxides like lead hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium
hydroxide, ferrous and ferric hydroxides remain unaffected when treated with excess of
ammonium hydroxide.
 Action of Alkalis on Metals and their Oxides
 Reaction with metals: Amphoteric metals react with caustic alkalis like NaOH and
KOH on heating, resulting in the liberation of H 2 gas. These reactions are used for
laboratory preparation of hydrogen. Amphoteric metals are those metals which can
react with both alkalis and acids but these do not react with ammonium hydroxide
which is a weak base. For example, Zn, Sn, Al, etc., are amphoteric metals.
 Reaction with metallic oxides: Amphoteric metal oxides like ZnO, SnO2 , and
Al2O3 , react with strong caustic alkalis like NaOH and KOH to form complex salts
and water. The amphoteric metal oxides can react with acids as well as bases.

www.vedantu.com 1
Salts have their characteristic colours. Many are white, others are differently coloured
and some are colourless. Their solutions in water either produce the same colour or
different colours or are colourless.
Aqueous salt solutions on being treated with alkalis like NaOH and KOH produce
their hydroxides with different colours. The hydroxides are formed by double
decomposition reaction.

www.vedantu.com 2

You might also like