Placed at the meeting of

Academic Council
held on 26.03.2018
APPENDIX - AI
MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY
(University with Potential for Excellence)

B. Sc. Mathematics (Semester)

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS
(This will come into force from the academic year 2018-2019)

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROGRAMME:

The goal of the course is to help students to develop a valuable mental ability – A
powerful way of thinking that our ancestors have developed over three thousand
years. This course is designed with particular students in mind. People who want to
develop or improve mathematics – based analytic thinking for professional or
general life purposes. To achieve this aim, the first year of the course has very little
traditional mathematical content, focusing instead on the thinking processes require
for mathematics. The second year of the course provides mathematical thinking to
succeed in their major. The third year of the course engages in thinking about
mathematical ideas. After completing the course, one can apply effective strategies
of thinking to approach questions in their lives with insight and innovation. Finally
any one can think more effectively and imaginatively throughout their lives.

2. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION

Candidate should have passed the Higher Secondary Examination conducted by the
Board of Higher Secondary Education, Government of Tamil Nadu or any other
Examination accepted by syndicate, as equivalent thereto, with Mathematics as one
of the subjects in Higher Secondary Education.

2.1 DURATION OF THE COURSE :

The students shall undergo the prescribed course of study for a period of three
academic years (Six semesters).]
2.2. MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
English/Tamil

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME:

 To provide students with a systematic understanding of core areas and to
offer the students a range of ways to develop their skills and knowledge
 To lay a foundation for a wide choice of careers and particularly careers
requiring problem solving abilities
 To provide the foundation for higher education in Mathematics

1118
 4. OUTCOME OF THE PROGRAMME :
The students will be capable of facing the competitive situation prevailing now and
getting placement and have the capacity to go for higher education.

5, 6 and 7. SUBJECTS OF STUDY

The programme consists of various subjects. The following are the different
categories:
1. Tamil
2. English
3. Core Papers
4. Allied Paper I (Physics/Computer Science)
5. Allied Paper II (Applications of Mathematics)
6. Non Major Elective
7. Environmental Studies
8. Value Education
9. Extension Activities
Non Major Elective:
The University shall provide all information to the non major elective
subject. The students can choose their elective subject in the first semester.

8. UNITIZATION:
Each subject contains 5 units. Not only core subjects, but also all the
subjects.

9. PATTERN OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION:

Internal - 25 Marks
External - 75 Marks
Total - 100 Marks
10. SCHEME FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT:
Tests - 10 Marks (Average of 2 tests)
Assignment - 5 Marks
Peer Team Teaching - 5 Marks
Seminar - 5 Marks
Total - 25 Marks
11. EXTERNAL EXAMINATION:
There shall be external examinations at the end of each semester, odd semesters
in the month of November and even semesters in the month of April.
A Candidate who does not pass the examination may be permitted to appear in the
failed subjects in the subsequent examinations. A candidate should get registered for the first
semester examination.

1119
 Students must have earned 75% of attendance in each course for appearing for the
examinations. Students who have earned more than 70% and less than 75% of attendance
have to apply for condonation in the prescribed form with prescribed fee. Students who have
earned more than 60% and less than 70% of attendance have to apply for condonation in the
prescribed form with prescribed fee along with a medical certificate. Students who have
below 60% of attendance are not eligible to appear for the examination. They shall re-do
the semester(s) after the completion of the programme.

12. QUESTION PAPER PATTERN

Part A
Each question carries equal marks
Ten objective type questions 10 x 1 = 10 marks
Two questions from each unit
Part B
Five questions (Either Or type) 5 x 7 = 35 marks
One question from each unit
Part C
Three questions out of five questions 3 x 10 = 30 marks
One question from each unit
13. SCHEME OF EVALUATION
The performance of a student in each course is evaluated in terms of
percentage of marks with a provision for conversion to grade points.
(𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 𝑋 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑠 )
Mark statement contains 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝐴 = where the summations cover all
(𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑠 )
the papers appeared up to the current semester.
14. PASSING MINIMUM
The passing minimum is 40% (External minimum is 27 out of 75; No minimum for
internal, but External + Internal should be at least 40)

14.1 Classification :
S.No. Range of CCPA Class
1. 40 & above but below 50 III
2. 50 & above but below 60 II
3. 60 & above I

15. REVALUATION PROVISION

Candidates may apply for revaluation of the paper which was already valued,
within ten days from the date of publication of the result in the university website along
with required forms and fees.

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 16. TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Each subject is designed with lectures/assignments/peer team teaching/seminar
etc. to meet effective teaching and learning.

17. TEXT BOOKS

List of text books will be given at the end of the syllabus of the each subject.
18. REFERENCE BOOKS
List of reference books are followed by the list of text books.

19. RE-TOTALING AND REVALUATION PROVISION

Students may apply for re-totaling and revaluation after declaration of result within
15 days.

20. TRANSITORY PROVISION

The candidates of previous syllabus scheme may be permitted to write
exams in their own schemes up to the examinations of April 2020 as a
transitory provision.

Subjects of Study in B. Sc (Mathematics)

Hours
Semeste No.of. per Six Max
Parts Subjects Credits
r Courses Working Marks
days
I Tamil Paper I 1 6 3 100

II English Paper I 1 6 3 100

1. Calculus 1 5 5 100
III
Core Subjects 2. Theory of Equations and
1 5 5 100
I Trigonometry
Allied
Physics I 1 6 4 100
Subject I
IV
Non Major Fundamentals of Mathematics 1 2 2 100
Elective
Total 6 30 22 600

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 Hours
No.of. per Six Max
Semester Parts Subjects Credits
Courses Working Marks
days
I Tamil Paper II 1 6 3 100

II English Paper II 1 6 3 100

3. Differential Equations 1 5 5 100

III
Core Subjects 4. Analytical Geometry of
1 5 5 100
II 3D and Vector Calculus
Allied Physics II 100+
2 6 3+1
Subject I + Practical 100
IV
Non Major Quantitative Aptitude 1 2 2 100
Elective
Total 7 30 22 700

Hours
No.of. per Six Max
Semester Parts Subjects Credits
Courses Working Marks
days
I Tamil Paper III 1 6 3 100

II English Paper III 1 6 3 100

III 5. Mechanics 1 6 6 100
Core subject
Allied Physics III 1 6 4 100
Subject I
III
Allied 1. Programming in C 1 6 4 100
Subject II
Total 5 30 20 500

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Semester Parts Subjects No.of. Hours Credits Max
Courses per Six Marks
Working
days
I Tamil Paper IV 1 6 3 100

II English Paper IV 1 6 3 100

III 6. Basics of Analysis 1 6 6 100

Core subject
IV Allied Physics IV + Practical 2 6 3+1 100+
Subject I 100
Allied 2. Programming in C++ 2 6 3+1 100+
Subject II + Practical 100
3. Extension Activities 1 1

Total 8 30 21 700

Hours
No.of. per Six Max
Semester Parts Subjects Credits
Courses Working Marks
days

6. Modern Algebra 1 5 5 100

7. Real Analysis 1 5 5 100

III
Core Subjects
8. Fundamentals of Statistics 1 5 5 100

9. Operations Research 1 5 5 100

V
Allied Subject
2. Graph Theory 1 6 4 100
II
1. Fourier Series and
IV 1 2 2 100
Laplace Transform
Skill Based
Subjects 2. Environmental Studies 1 2 2 100

Total 7 30 28 700

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 Hours
No.of. per Six Max
Semester Parts Subjects Credits
Courses Working Marks
days

10. Linear Algebra 1 5 5 100

11. Complex Analysis 1 5 5 100

III
Core Subjects
12. Statistics 1 5 5 100

13. Elective 1 5 4 100

VI
Allied Subject II 3. Numerical Methods 1 6 4 100

3. Logic and Boolean

1 2 2 100
IV Algebra
Skill Based
Subjects 4. Value Education 1 2 2 100

Total 7 30 27 700

Syllabus for Core Subjects

Paper 1 – CALCULUS
Objectives:
1. To introduce nth derivative.
2. To introduce curvatures, evolutes and involutes.
3. To introduce double and triple integrals.
UNIT I
Differentiation: Definition (Only) - Successive differentiation - Trigonometrical
transformation - Formation of equations involving derivatives - Leibnitz formula - Meaning
of the derivative - Geometrical interpretation - Meaning of the sign of the differential
coefficient - Expansion of functions - Taylor's theorem - Cauchy's form of remainder -
Taylor's and Maclaurin's series.

1124
UNIT II
Maxima and Minima of functions of two variables - Envelopes - Curvature - Circle, radius
and centre of curvature - Cartesian formula for the radius of curvature - Coordinates of
centre of curvature – Evolute and Involute.

UNIT III
Radius of curvature in polar coordinates - p-r equation - Pedal equation of a curve - Definite
integrals and their properties.

UNIT IV
Reduction formula for xn eax, xn cos ax, sinnx, cosnx, sinmx cosnx, tannx, secnx, xm (log x)n,
eaxcos bx - Bernoulli's formula - Evaluation of double integral- Double integral in polar
coordinates - Triple integral.

UNIT V
Change of variables - Jacobian - Change of variable in case of two variables and three
variables - Beta and Gamma functions - Properties of Beta function - Relation between Beta
and Gamma functions.

Text Book:
T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Calculus, Volume I, II, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2012.
Unit I: Chapter III, IV- Sections 2.1, 2.2, Chapter VII
Unit II: Chapter VIII - Sections 4, 4.1, Chapter X upto Section 2.5
Unit III: Chapter X – Sections 2.6, 2.7, Volume II, Chapter 1 - Section 11
Unit IV: Volume II Chapter 1 - Sections 13, 14, 15-1 and Chapter 5-Sections 1, 2, 3, 4
Unit V: Chapter 6 - Sections 1, 2, Chapter 7 - Sections 1, 2, 3, 4
Reference Books:
1. Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Calculus, New Gamma
Publishing House, June 2014.
2. Shanthi Narayan, Dr. P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand Publishing
Company Ltd., 2005.

Paper 2 - THEORY OF EQUATIONS AND TRIGONOMETRY

Objectives:
1. To solve cubic and biquadratic equations
2. To find logarithm of complex numbers

1125
UNIT I
Introduction about polynomials, equations - Remainder theorem - Imaginary roots -
Irrational roots - Relation between roots and coefficients of equations - Symmetric functions
of the roots - Sum of powers of roots of an equation - Newton's Theorem.

UNIT II
Transformations of equations - Roots with signs changed - Roots multiplied by a given
number - Reciprocal roots - Reciprocal equation - Increase and decrease the roots of a given
equation by a given quantity - Removal of terms – Equations whose roots are any power of
the roots of a given equation.

UNIT III
Descarte's rule - Rolle's theorem - Multiple roots - Strum's theorem - Newton's method of
divisors - Horner's method.

UNIT IV
General solution of cubic equations - Cardon's Method - Ferrari's method of solving
biquadratic equations - Expansion of sinnθ, cosnθ, tannθ - Examples on formation of
equations - Expansion of sinnθ cosnθ, sinnθ cosmθ.

UNIT V
Expansion of sinθ, cosθ, tanθ in powers of θ − Hyperbolic functions - Relation between
hyperbolic functions - Inverse hyperbolic functions - Logarithm of complex quantities.

Text Books:
1. T. K. M. Pillai, T. Narayanan and K. S. Ganapathy, Algebra, Volume I, S.
Viswanathan Publishing Company, 2012.
2. T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Trigonometry, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2009.
Reference Books:
1. Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Classical Algebra Theory of
Equations, New Gamma Publishing House, July 2016.
2. Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Trigonometry, New Gamma
Publishing House, November 2017.
3. Hari kishan, Theory of equations, Atlantic publishers and Distributers Pvt Ltd,
December 2013.

1126
 Paper 3 - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Objectives:
1. To solve linear equations with variable coefficients
2. To study partial differential equations
3. To know the applications in real life.
UNIT I

Exact differential equations – Integrating Factors – Linear Equations – Bernoulli’s

Equations - Equations of the first order and higher degree - Linear equations with constant
co-efficients – Methods of finding complementary functions – Methods of finding particular
integrals.

UNIT II
Homogenous linear equations - Linear equations with variable co-efficients - Simultaneous
linear equations - Total differential equations.

UNIT III
Formations of partial differential equations – First order partial differentaial equations –
Methods of solving first order PDE – Some standard forms.

UNIT IV
Charpit’s Method - PDE. of the higher order – Homogenous differential equations.

UNIT V
Orthogonal trajectories - Growth and decay - Continuous compound interest - The
Braachistochrone Problem - Simple electric circuit - Falling bodies - SHM - Simple
pendulum - Central forces - Planatary motion - Dynamical problems with variable mass.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Differential Equations and
Applications, New Gamma Publishing House, July 2014.
Unit I: Chapter 1 – Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Chapter 2 – Sections 1, 2 and 3
Unit II: Chapter 2 - Sections 4, 5, 6, 7
Unit III: Chapter 4 - Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Unit IV: Chapter 4 – Sections 5, Chapter 5 – Sections 1 and 2.
Unit V: Chapter 6 (Except Section 5).

1127
Reference Books:
1. T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Calculus, Volume III, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2012.
2. N. P. Bali, Golden Differential Equations, Laxmi Publications, 2006.

Paper 4 - ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY OF 3D AND VECTOR CALCULUS

Objectives:
1. To know about 3-Dimensions
2. To study vector differentiation and vector integration.
UNIT I
Angle between two planes - Length of perpendicular - Bisector - Distance between two
planes.

UNIT II
Equations of the straight line – A plane and a line.

UNIT III
Sphere – Equation of a sphere – Tangent line - Tangent plane – Sections of the sphere.

UNIT IV
Vector differentiation: Vector algebra – Differentiation of vectors – Gradient - Divergents
and Curl.

UNIT V
Vector integration: Line integrals - Surface integral – Problems on Theorems of Green,
Gauss and Stoke's.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Analytical Geometry of 3D and
Vector Calculus, New Gamma Publishing House, January 2017.
Unit I: Chapter 2 - Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Unit II: Chapter 3 - Sections 3.1, 3.2
Unit III: Chapter 4 - Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.
Unit IV: Chapter 5 - Sections 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Unit V: Chapter 7 – Sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

1128
Reference Books:
1. T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Analytical Geometry, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2012.
2. P. Durai pandian and others, Analytical Geometry 3-Dimension, Emerald Publishers,
1998.

Paper 5 – MECHANICS
Objectives:
1. To provide the basic knowledge of equilibrium of a particle
2. To provide the basic knowledge of moving particle.
UNIT I
Forces acting at a point - Resultant and components - Parallelogram law of forces - Triangle
law of forces - lami's Theorem - Resolution of a forces - Theorem of resolved parts -
Resultant of any number of coplanar forces - condition of equilibrium.

UNIT II
Forces acting on a rigid body - Parallel forces - Resultanat of two like and unlike parallel
forces - Moment of a forces - Varignon's Theorem - Three forces acting on a rrigid body -
law of friction - coefficient of friction - angle of friction - cone of friction - problem.

UNIT III
Projectiles - shape of projectile - range of projectile - inclined plane.

UNIT IV
Impact - Impluses - impact in a fired plane - Direct and oblique impact.

UNIT V
Central orbit - components of velocity and acceleration along and perpendicular to radius
vector - differential equation ofn central orbit - pedal equation.

Text Books:
1. M. K. Venkataraman, Statics, Agasthiar Publications, 17th Edition, July 2014.
2. M. K. Venkataraman, Dynamics, Agasthiar Publications, 16th Edition, January
2014.

Reference Books:
1. P. Durai Pandian and others, Mechanics, S. Chand Publishing Company, 1997.
2. Dr. M. D. Raisingharia, Dynamics, S. Chand Company, 2006.

1129
 Paper 6 – BASICS OF ANALYSIS
Objectives:
1. To understand the countable concepts in real number system
2. To study the behavior of sequences and series
3. To provide a good foundation for real analysis.
UNIT I
Sets and elements - Operations on sets - Functions - Real-valued functions - Equivalence -
Countability - Real numbers - Least upper bounds.

UNIT II
Definition of sequences - Limit of a sequence - Convergent sequences - Divergent sequences
- Bounded sequences - Monotone sequences.
UNIT III
Limit superior and limit inferior - Cauchy sequences - Convergence and Divergence - Series
with nonnegative terms - Alternating series - Conditional convergence and absolute
convergence.

UNIT IV
Rearrangement of a series - Test for absolute convergence - Series whose term form a non-
increasing sequence – Summation by parts - The class I2.

UNIT V
Limit of function on the real line - Metric spaces - Limits in Metric spaces.

Text Book:
Richard R Goldberg, Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2017.
Unit I: Chapter 1
Unit II: Chapter 2 – Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Unit III: Chapter 2 – Sections 9 and 10, Chapter 3 – Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Unit IV: Chapter 3 – Sections 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10.
Unit V: Chapter 4 – Sections 1, 2 and 3
Reference Books:
1. Walter Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill
International Editions, Singapore, Reprint 2012.
2. Tom M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, 2nd Edition, Pearson, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

1130
 Paper 7 – MODERN ALGEBRA
Objectives:
1. To learn a method to count the elements of a finite group.
2. To construct a quotient groups using an integral domain.
UNIT I
Groups: Definition – Examples, Properties (Statement only) – Permutation groups –
Subgroups – Cyclic groups – Order of an element.

UNIT II
Cosets and Lagrange’s theorem - Normal subgroups and Quotient groups.

UNIT III
Isomorphism – Homomorphism.

UNIT IV
Rings: Definition and Examples- Elementary properties of rings – Isomorphism – Types of
rings - Characteristic of a ring - Subrings.

UNIT V
Ideals – Quotient rings – Maximal and prime ideals – Homomorphism of rings – Field of
quotients of an integral domain.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Modern Algebra, SciTech
Publication, India Private Ltd., January 2018.
Unit I: Chapter 3 – Sections 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Unit II: Chapter 3 – Sections 8 and 9.
Unit III: Chapter 3 - Sections 10 and 11.
Unit IV: Chapter 4 – Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Unit V: Chapter 4 – Sections 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

Reference Books:
1. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2006.
2. A. R. Vasishtha, Modern Algebra, Krishna Publication, January 2015.

1131
 Paper 8 - REAL ANALYSIS
Objectives:
1. To analyze the real line structure.
2. To study properties of the Riemann integral.
UNIT I
Continuous functions on Metric spaces - Functions continuous at a point on the real line -
Reformulation - Functions continuous on a metric space - Open sets - Closed sets -
Discontinuous functions on R1.

UNIT II
Connectedness - Completeness - More about open sets - Connected sets - Bounded sets and
totally bounded sets - Complete metric spaces.
UNIT III
Compactness - Compact metric spaces - Continuous functions on compact metric spaces -
Continuity of the inverse function - Uniform continuity.

UNIT IV
Sets of measure zero - Definition of the Riemann integral - Existence of the Riemann
integral – Properties of the Riemann integral.

UNIT V
Derivatives - Rolle's theorem - The law of the mean - Fundamental theorem of calculus.

Text Book:
Richard R Goldberg, Methods of Real Analysis, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2017.
Unit I: Chapter 5
Unit II: Chapter 6 – Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Unit III: Chapter 6 – Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8
Unit IV: Chapter 7 – Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Unit V: Chapter 7 – Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Reference Books:
1. Walter Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill
International Editions, Singapore, Reprint 2012.
2. Tom M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, 2nd Edition, Pearson, Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

1132
 Paper 9 – FUNDAMENTALS OF STATISTICS
Objectives:
1. To analyze the data.
2. To analyze the qualitative characteristics – Attributes.
UNIT I
Measure of Central tendency - Measures of Dispersion - Moments - Measures of Skewness -
Measures of Kurtosis - Theorems with proof and related problems.

UNIT II
Correlation - Rank Correlation - Regression - Regression line of x on y and Regression line
of y on x - Theorems with proof and related problems.

UNIT III
Index Numbers - Consumer Price Index numbers - Conversion of Chain Base Index Number
into Fixed base index numbers - Related Problems.

UNIT IV
Curve Fitting - Principle of Least Squares - Fitting a straight line - Fitting a second degree
parabola - Fitting of power curves - Related Problems.

UNIT V
Theory of Attributes - Attributes - Consistency of Data - Independence and Associate of
Data - Related Problems.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Statistics, New Gamma
Publishing House, July 2016.
Unit I: Chapter 2, 3, 4
Unit II: Chapter 6
Unit III: Chapter 9
Unit IV: Chapter 5
Unit V: Chapter 8
Reference Books:
1. T. Veerarajan, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, YesDee Publishing
Private Ltd, 2017.
2. B. L. Agarwal, Basic Statistics, New Age International Publishers, 6th Edition.

1133
 Paper 10 - OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Objectives:

1. To find an optimal solution to the problem.

2. To study in what order we have to do the jobs.
3. To study at what time we have to replace a machine.
UNIT I
Linear Programming problem - Formulation of LPP Mathematical form - Solution of LPP -
Graphical Method - Simplex method.

UNIT II
Two-Phase method – Duality - Axioms of duality theory - Dual simplex method.

UNIT III
Transportation problem - Mathematical form - Initial solutions by Northwest corner rule -
Maxima and Minima method - Vogel's approximation method - Optimality test by Modi
method for both balanced and unbalanced T.P - Assignment Problem - Hungarian method.

UNIT IV
Game theory - Two person zero sum game - Maximin and minimax principle of optimality -
Saddle point - Solution of the game using formula - Graphical solution of (2 x n) and (m x
2) games - LPP method.

UNIT V
Sequencing - Optimal sequencing algorithms - Replacement problems.
Text Book:
T. Veerarajan, Operations Research, Universities Press, 2017.
Unit I: Chapter 1
Unit II: Chapter 2 and Chapter 4.
Unit III: Chapter 8
Unit IV: Chapter 10
Unit V: Chapter 9 and 12.
Reference Books:
1. Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. Thangapandi Issac, Linear Programming, New Gamma
Publishing House, March 2015.
2. Kanti Swarup, P. K. Gupta, Manmohan, Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons,
New Delhi, 1978.

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 Paper 11 - LINEAR ALGEBRA

Objectives:
1. To introduce another algebraic system known as vector space.
2. To know Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
UNIT I
Vector spaces: Definitions and Examples – Subspaces – Linear Transformations - Span of a
set.

UNIT II
Linear independence – Basis and dimensions – Rank and Nullity – Matrix of a linear
transformation.

UNIT III
Inner product Spaces: Definition and examples – Orthogonality – Orthogonal Complement.

UNIT IV
Matrices – Elementary transformations – Rank of a matrix – Simultaneous linear equations –
Characteristic equations and Cayley Hamilton theorem – Eigen values and eigen vectors.

UNIT V
Bilinear forms – Quadratic forms.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Modern Algebra, SciTech
Publication, India Private Ltd., January 2018.
Unit I: Chapter 5 – Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Unit II: Chapter 5 – Sections 5, 6, 7 and 8
Unit III: Chapter 6 – Sections 1, 2 and 3
Unit IV: Chapter 7 – Sections 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
Unit V: Chapter 8 – Sections 1 and 2.

Reference Books:
1. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2006.
2. A. R. Vasishtha, Modern Algebra, Krishna Publication, January 2015.

1135
 Paper 12 – COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Objectives:
1. To study the differentiation of a complex valued function of a complex variable.
2. To study the integration of a complex valued function of a complex variable.

UNIT I
Analytic functions: Functions of a complex variable – Limits – Theorems on limit –
Continuous functions – Differentiability – The Cauchy Riemann equations - Analytic
Functions – Conformal mapping.

UNIT II
Bilinear transformations: Elementary transformations – Bilinear transformations – Cross
ratio – Fixed points of bilinear transformations – Some special bilinear transformations.

UNIT III
Complex Integration: Definite integral – Cauchy’s theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula –
Higher derivatives.

UNIT IV
Series expansions – Taylor’s series – Laurent’s series – Zeros of an analytic function –
Singularities.

UNIT V
Calculus of residues: Residues – Calculus – Residue theorem.

Text Book:

Dr. S. Arumugam, Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac and Dr. A. Somasundaram, Complex

Analysis, SciTech Publication, India Private Ltd., January 2018.
Unit I: Chapter 2
Unit II: Chapter 3
Unit III: Chapter 6
Unit IV: Chapter 7
Unit V: Chapter 8 – Sections 1 and 2.

Reference Books:
1. P. Durai Pandian and Others, Complex Analysis, S. Chand Publishing Company,
2014.
2. Dr. R. Roopkumar, Complex Analysis, Pearson Education India, 2014.
3. T. K. M. Pillai, Dr. S. P. Rajagopalan and Dr. R. Sattanathan, Complex Analysis,
S. Vishwanathan Private Ltd., 2009.

1136
 Paper 13 - STATISTICS
Objectives:
1. To know probability and distribution functions
2. To study the tests of significance
UNIT I
Theory of Probability - Sample Space - Probability function - Laws of Addition -
Conditional Probability - Law of multiplication - Independent - Boole's inequality - Baye's
Theorem - Theorems with proof and related problems.

UNIT II
Random Variables - Distribution function - Discrete and Continuous random variables -
Probability density function - Mathematical Expectation ( One dimensional only).

UNIT III
Moment generating function - Cumulates - Characteristic function - Theoretical Distribution
- Binomial -n Poisson - Normal - Theorems with proof and related problems.

UNIT IV
Test of Significance of Large samples.

UNIT V
Test of significance of small samples - t-f-Chi square

Text Book:
Dr.S. Arumugam, A. Thangapandi Isaac, Statistics, New Gamma Publishing House,
July 2016.
Unit I: Chapter 11
Unit II: Chapter 12 Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Unit III: Chapter 12 Sections 5 and 6, Chapter 13
Unit IV: Chapter 14
Unit V: Chapter 15, 16

Reference Books:
1. T. Veerarajan, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, YesDee Publishing
Private Ltd, 2017.
2. B. L. Agarwal, Basic Statistics, New Age International Publishers, 6th Edition.

1137
 Paper 14 – ELECTIVE
Any one of the following subjects.

1. Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy logic

2. Mathematical Modeling
3. Number Theory

FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY LOGIC

Objectives:
1. To enable the students understand the need of fuzzy sets
2. To make the learners attain comprehensive acquisition of fuzzy operations and
relations
3. To assist the stake holders in acquisition of the applications of fuzzy logic in
real life situations
UNIT I
Crisp set – operations on crisp sets – Fuzzy sets – representation of a fuzzy set –
representation
of membership function – types of fuzzy sets –cut of a fuzzy set - α-cut decomposition –
some
more definitions

UNIT II
Operations on fuzzy sets– properties of operation on fuzzy sets – first and second
decomposition
theorems - product on fuzzy sets

UNIT III
Fuzzy numbers – linguistic variables – fuzzy arithmetic – properties on interval valued
arithmetic operations –operations on fuzzy numbers – fuzzyequations – latticeof fuzzy
numbers

UNIT IV
Classical logic –logical connectives – truth values and truth tables – fuzzy logic – fuzzy
logic
truth tables – fuzzy connectives

1138
UNIT V
Relation on fuzzy sets–representation – composition of fuzzy relations – max-min
composition properties – fuzzy equivalence relation.

Text Book:
D S Hooda and Vivek Raich, Fuzzy Set Theory and Fuzzy Control, Narosa
Publishing
House, New Delhi, 2015.
Unit I: Chapter 1 Sections 1 to 5
Unit II: Chapter 1 Sections 6 to 8
Unit III: Chapter 2
Unit IV: Chapter 3 Sections 1 to 4 and 7 to 9
Unit V: Chapter 4 Sections 1 to 4
Reference Books:
1. George J.Klir and Bo Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Theory and Applications,
PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
2. Zimmermann, Fuzzy set theory and its applications, Affiliated East West Press Pvt
Ltd, 2nd Edition, 1996.
3. M. Murugalingam and Others, Introduction to Fuzzy Algebra, Sivam Publications,
Vikramasingapuram, 2006.

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
Objectives:
1. To enable the students to learn mathematical concepts.
2. To built mathematical models of real world problems and find solutions to
these models.
UNIT I
Mathematical modeling – Need – Techniques and Classifications - Characteristics of
mathematical model – Mathematical modeling through geometry, algebra, trigonometry and
calculus – Limitations of mathematical modeling.

UNIT II
Mathematical modeling through ordinary differential equations of first order- Linear and
non-linear growth and decay models - Compartment models – Mathematical modeling in
dynamics- Mathematical modeling of geometrical problems.

1139
UNIT III
Mathematical modeling through system ordinary differential equations of first order –
Mathematical modeling in population dynamics – Mathematical modeling in economics –
Mathematical models in medicine – Mathematical modeling in dynamics through system of
ordinary differential equations of first order.

UNIT IV
Mathematical modeling through ordinary differential equations of second order –
Mathematical modeling of planetary motions – Mathematical modeling of circular motions –
Motion of satellite.

UNIT V
Mathematical Modeling through graphs - Mathematical Models in terms of directed graphs -
Mathematical models in terms of signed graphs - Mathematical models in terms of weighted
graphs.

Text Book:
Kapur J N, Mathematical Modeling, II Edition, New Age International Publishers,
New Delhi, Reprint – 2018.
Unit I: Chapter 1 - Sections 1 to 9.
Unit II: Chapter 2 – Sections 1 to 6.
Unit III: Chapter 3 – Sections 1, 4, 5 and 6.
Unit IV: Chapter 4 – Sections 1 and 2.
Unit V: Chapter 7 – Sections 1 to 4.
Reference Books:
1. Frank R. Giordano, William P. Fox, Steven B. Horton, A First Course in
Mathematical Modeling, V Edition, Cengage Learning, 2015.
2. Reinhard Illner, Mathematical Modeling, AMS Publications, 2016.

NUMBER THEORY
Objectives:
1. To provide a deep knowledge of number theory as this is one of the pillars of
mathematics.
2. To know the applications of Wilson’s theorem, Wolsten hold theorem.
UNIT I
Introduction: Divisibility, Prime and composite numbers - Congruences: Definition –
Residue classes – Complete and least residue system – Reduced residue system – Casting
out 9 – Magic numbers – Divisibility test.

1140
UNIT II
Linear Congruences - Solution of congruences - Chinese remainder theorem – Little
Fermat’s theorem – Euler’s theorem.

UNIT III
Inverse modulo – Wilson’s theorem and its converse – Lagrange’s theorem – Wolsten hold
theorem – Factor theorem for polynomials – Number of solutions.

UNIT IV
Congruences of prime power modulli – Composite modulli – Identical congruences –
Multiple roots of congruences.

UNIT V
Quadratic residues and non-residues – Euler’s criterion – primitive root is a quadratic non-
residue – Legendre’s symbol.

Text Book:
Kumaravelu and Suseela Kumaravelu, Elements of Number Theory, SKV
Publications, 2002.

Reference Books:
1. Ivan Niven, Herbert S. Zuckarman and Hugh L. Montgometry, An Introduction
to the Theory of Numbers, 5th Edition, John Wiley and sons, Inc., 2001.
2. V. K. Krishnan, Elementary Number Theory, Universities Press, 2017.

ALLIED SUBJECT II
(APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS)
PAPER 1 – PROGRAMMING IN C
Objectives:
1. To learn a computer language.
2. To write programs and run programs.

UNIT I
Introduction - Importance of C - Programming style-character set - C Tokens-keywords and
identifiers – Constants – Variables - Data types - Declaration of variables - Declaration of
storage class-assigning values to variables-defining symbolic constants.

1141
UNIT II
Operators and expressions-arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment and
decrement, bitwise, conditional, special operators-arithmetic expressions-evaluation of
expressions-precedence of arithmetic expressions.

UNIT III
Managing input and output operations-reading a character-writing a character-formatted
input-formatted output-decision making with if - simple if, if else, nesting of if else, else if,
switch, goto, while do while, for statements-jumps in loops.

UNIT IV
Arrays-one dimensional arrays-declaration of one dimensional arrays-initialization of one
dimensional arrays-two dimensional arrays initializing two dimensional arrays-multi
dimensional arrays-dynamic arrays.

UNIT V
Structure definition-declaring structure variables-accessing structure members- structure
initialization-pointer expressions-pointer increment and scale factor- pointer and arrays-
array of pointers-pointers as function arguments-functions returning pointer- pointers to
functions.

Text Book:
E. Balagurusamy, Programming in ANSI C, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Byron S. Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C, 2nd Edition.
2. Darrel L. Graham, C Programming Language, Createspace Independent
Publishing Company, 2016.

Paper 2 – PROGRAMMING WITH C++

Objectives:
1. To write a program efficiently.
2. To know OOPS.
UNIT I
Principles of object oriented programming - basic concepts of oops- benefits-introduction to
C++ - token - keywords - identifiers and constants - data types -symbolic constants-
operators-expressions and control structures.
UNIT II
Functions - function prototyping - call by reference - return by reference –inline functions-
default arguments-constant arguments-function overloading -friend and virtual functions-
Math library functions.
1142
UNIT III
Classes and objects - arrays within a class - memory allocation for objects - static data
members, functions-arrays of objects - friendly functions - returning objects - pointers to
members-local classes.

UNIT IV
Constructors- parameterized, multiple constructor- copy constructor - dynamic constructors
-constructing two dimensional arrays- destructors.

UNIT V
Operator overloading - overloading unary operators - overloading binary operators - rules
for overloading operators - defining derived classes - inheritance and their types.

Text Book:
E Balagurusamy , Object-Oriented Programming with C++, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2008.

Reference Books:
1. Byron S. Gottfried, Schaum’s Outline of Programming with C++, 2nd Edition.
2. Richard Grimes, Beginning C++ Programming, Packt Publishing Limited, 2017.

Paper 3 - GRAPH THEORY

Objectives:
1. To give a basic knowledge in graph theory
2. To study Eulerian graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, Trees.

UNIT I
Graphs - Subgraphs - Isomorphism and degrees - Walks and connected graphs - Cycles in
graphs - Cut vertices and cut edges.
UNIT II
Eluerain graphs - Fleury's algorithm - Hamiltonian graphs - Weighted graphs.
UNIT III
Bipartite graphs - Marriage problem - Trees - Connector problem.
UNIT IV
Matrix representations - Planar graphs - Euler formula - Platonic solids - Dual of a plane
graph - Characterization of planar graphs.

UNIT V
Vertex colouring - Edge colouring - An algorithm for vertex colouring – Directed graphs.

1143
Text Book:
S. A. Choudum, A First course in Graph Theory, Macmillan Publishers India Pvt
Ltd, 2000.
Unit I: Chapter 1
Unit II: Chapter 2
Unit III: Chapter 3
Unit IV: Chapter 4 – Section 1 and Chapter 5.
Unit V: Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 – Section 1
Reference Book:
1. F. Harary, Graph Theory, Narosa Publishing Company, 2001.
2. J. Clark and D. A. Holton, A First Look at Graph Theory, Allied Publishers, New
Delhi, 2005.

Paper 4 - NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Objectives:
1. To know algebraic, trancedental and simultaneous equations.
2. To study about finite differences, interpolation, attributes, etc.
UNIT I
Algebraic and Transcendental equations – Errors in numeric computations – Iteration
method – Aitken’s ∆2 Method – Bisection method – Regula-falsi method – Newton’s
Raphson method .

UNIT II
Simultaneous equations: Back substitution – Gauss elimination method – Gauss Jordan
method – Calculation of inverse of a matrix – Gauss Jacobi iteration method – Gauss Seidal
iteration method.

UNIT III
Finite differences – Difference operators – Other difference operators - Difference equations
– Formation of difference equations – Linear difference equations.

UNIT IV
Interpolation: Newton’s interpolation formula – Central difference interpolation formulae –
Lagrange’s interpolation formulae – Divided difference formula – Inverse interpolation.

1144
UNIT V
Numerical differentiation – Derivatives using Newton’s forward difference formula –
Derivatives using Newton’s backward difference formula - Derivatives using Newton’s
central difference formula – Maxima and minima of the interpolating polynomial –
Attributes.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam, Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac and Dr. A. Somasundaram,
Numerical Analysis with Programming in C, New Gamma Publishing House, June
2015.
Unit I: Chapter 1
Unit II: Chapter 2
Unit III: Chapter 3
Unit IV: Chapter 4
Unit V: Chapter 5 and Chapter 8 – Section 1

Reference Books:
1. T. Veerarajan and T. Ramachandran, Numerical Methods with Programming in
C, McGraw Hill Education, 2008.
2. S. S. Sastry, Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI Learning Pvt
Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.

PART IV – SKILL BASED SUBJECTS

Paper 1 - FOURIER SERIES AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
Objectives:
1. To discuss the basic concepts relating Fourier series
2. To solve certain types of differential equations using Laplace transforms.

UNIT I
Fourier series - Periodic functions - Fourier series full range.

UNIT II
Fourier series half range – Fourier series arbitrary range.

1145
UNIT III
Laplace transforms.

UNIT IV
Inverse Laplace transforms.

UNIT V
Solution of differential equations using Laplace transforms.

Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam, Prof. A. Thangapandi Isaac, Trigonometry, Fourier series and
Laplace Transform, New Gamma Publishing House, November 2017.
Unit I: Chapter 2 – Sections 1 and 2
Unit II: Chapter 2 – Sections 3 and 4
Unit III: Chapter 3 – Section 1
Unit IV: Chapter 3 – Section 2
Unit V: Chapter 3 – Section 3

Reference Book:
S. Narayanan and T. K. Manickavasagam Pillai, Differential Equations and its
applications, S. Viswanathan Publishing Company, Chennai, 2012.

Paper 2 – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

(Syllabus Common to All Undergraduate Courses)

Paper 3 – LOGIC AND BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

Objectives:
1. To understand the logical concepts which are needed in mathematics.
2. To learn about Boolean algebra.
UNIT I
Propositional calculus - Statements - Basic operations - Truth value of compound statements
- Propositions and truth tables.
UNIT II
Tautologies and contradictions - Logical equivalences - Negation - De Morgon's laws -
Algebra of propositions - Conditional propositions.
UNIT III
Bicondition arguments - Arguments and statements - Logical implication - Quantifiers.
1146
UNIT IV
Boolean algebra - Logic gates - Basic definitions and theorems - Order and Boolean
algebras - Boolean expressions - Sum of products form.

UNIT V
Logic gates - Logic circuits - Minimal Boolean expressions - Prime implicants - Farnaugh
maps - Minimal AND - OR circuits.

Text Book:
Seymar Lipschutz, Marcs Lars Lipson, Discrete Mathematics, Schaum's Series,
McGraw Hill, International Edition, 2010.

Reference Books:
1. S. Santha, Discrete Mathematics, Cengage Learning, 2012.
2. Ralph P. Grimaldi, B. V. Ramana, Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics,
Pearson India Education Services Pvt Ltd., 2016.

Paper 4 – VALUE EDUCATION

(Syllabus Common to All Undergraduate Courses)

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE
FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS
Objectives:
1. To introduce important elementary concepts of mathematics for non-mathematics students
2. To develop computational skills
UNIT I
Numbers: Operations on numbers, Tests of divisibility.

UNIT II
Simplifications: BODMAS Rule, Modulus of a real number, Virnaculum.

UNIT III
Problems on Numbers, Problems on Ages.

UNIT IV
Percentage: Concept of percentage, Results on population, Results on depreciation.

1147
UNIT V
Profit and Loss: Cost price, Selling price, Profit or gain, Loss.

Text Book:
R.S. Aggarwal, Quantitative Aptitude, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2017.
Reference Books:
1. Dr.M.Manoharan, Dr.C.Elango and Prof K.L.Eswaran, Business Mathematics,
Palani paramount Publications, Reprint 2013.
2. G. K. Ranganath, C. S. Sampangiram, Y. Rajaram, Text Book of Business
Mathematics, Himalaya Publishing House, 2017.

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
Objectives:
1. To impart the Aptitude knowledge required for Competitive
Examinations.
UNIT I
Ratio and Proportion: Ratio, Proportion, Fourth proportional, Third proportional, Mean
proportional, Comparison of ratios, Compounded ratios, Duplicate ratio, Sub Duplicate
ratio, Triplicate ratio, Sub triplicate ratio. Componendo and dividendo, Variation.

UNIT II
Partnership: Partnership, Ratio of division of gains. Working and sleeping partners.

UNIT III
Time and Work & Time and Distance.

UNIT IV
Simple Interest: Principal, Interest, Simple interest.

UNIT V
Compound Interest: Compounded annualy, Half yearly, Quarterly. Rates are different for
different years.

Text Book:
R.S. Aggarwal, Quantitative Aptitude, S. Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi,
2017.

1148
Reference Books:
1. U. Mohan Rao, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations, Scitech
Publications, 2016.
2. Dr.M.Manoharan, Dr.C.Elango and Prof K.L.Eswaran, Business Mathematics,
Palani paramount Publications, Reprint 2013.

ALLIED MATHEMATICS
(For B. Sc Physics and B. Sc Chemistry Courses)
ANCILLARY MATHEMATICS I
Objectives:
1. To learn the applications of differentiation.
2. To solve differential equations
3. To learn partial differential equations
4. To know the applications of differential equations.

UNIT I
Differentiation: nth – derivatives and Leibnitz Theorem. Curvature – Center of Curvature -
Radius of curvature – Circle of curvature.
UNIT II
Integration: Reduction formula – Double integrals - Evaluation of Double Integrals – Triple
integrals.
UNIT III
Equations of the first order and higher degree - Linear equations with constant co-efficients
– Methods of finding complementary functions – Methods of finding particular integrals.

UNIT IV
Formations of partial differential equations – First order partial differential equations –
Methods of solving first order PDE – Some standard forms.
UNIT V
Orthogonal trajectories - Growth and decay - Continuous compound interest - The
Braachistochrone Problem - Simple electric circuit - Falling bodies - SHM - Simple
pendulum
Text Books:
1. Dr. S. Arumugam & Issac, Calculus, New Gamma Publishing House, June 2014.
2. Dr. S. Arumugam & Isaac, Differential Equations and Applications, New
Gamma Publishing House, July 2014.
1149
Reference Books:
1. T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Calculus, Volume III, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2012.
2. Shanthi Narayan, Dr. P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand Publishing
Company Ltd., 2005.
ANCILLARY MATHEMATICS II
Objectives:
1. To explore trigonometry as a tool in solving problems.
2. To learn vector differentiation and vector integration.

UNIT I
Relation between roots and coefficients - Matrices: Characteristic Equation of a Matrix –
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors.

UNIT II
Trigonometry: Hyperbolic functions – Inverse hyperbolic Functions – Logarithm of
Complex numbers.

UNIT III
Sphere – Standard equation – Tangent Line and Tangent Plane – Section of a Sphere.
UNIT IV
Vector Differentiation – Gradient – Divergence - Curl and their Properties – Solenoidal -
Irrotational Vectors - Directional Derivative.
UNIT V
Vector Integration – Line Integrals – Surface Integrals.

Text Books:
1. S. Arumugam & Issac,Trigonometry, New Gamma Publishing House,
November 2017.
2. S. Arumugam & Issac, Analytical Geometry 3D and Vector Calculus, New
Gamma Publishing House, January 2017.
Reference Books:
1. T. K. M. Pillai and S. Narayanan, Analytical Geometry, S. Viswanathan Publishing
Company, 2012.
2. P. Durai pandian and others, Analytical Geometry 3-Dimension, Emerald Publishers,
1998.
1150
 ANCILLARY MATHEMATICS III
Objectives:
1. To know the need and importance of statistical analysis in their major subjects

UNIT I
Moments - Measures of Skewness – Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness – Bowley’s
Coefficient of Skewness – Measures of Kurtosis.

UNIT II
Correlation – Rank correlation – Regression.

UNIT III
Interpolation – Finite differences – Newton’s Formula (Problems only) – Lagrange’s
formula (Problems only).

UNIT IV
Theory of attributes: Consistency of a data.

UNIT V
Index numbers – Consumer index numbers – Conversion of chain base index number to the
fixed base index number and conversely.
Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. Thangapandi Issac, Statistics, New Gamma Publishing
House, July 2016.

Reference Books:
1. T. Veerarajan, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, YesDee Publishing
Private Ltd, 2017.
2. B. L. Agarwal, Basic Statistics, New Age International Publishers, 6th Edition.

ANCILLARY MATHEMATICS - IV
Objectives:
1. To introduce the fundamental concepts of LPP.
2. To develop the skills in decision making
3. To equip the students in solving real time problems.

1151
UNIT I
Linear Programming Problems: Formulation of LPP – Mathematical formulation of LPP –
Solution of LPP – Graphical Method.
UNIT II
Simplex Method – Big-M method.
UNIT III
Duality in LPP.
UNIT IV
Transportation Problem: Mathematical formulation TP – Degeneracy of TP
UNIT V
Assignment Problems: Mathematical formulation of AP – Solution to AP – Sequencing:
Processing n jobs in two machines – Processing n jobs in m machines.
Text Book:
Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. Thangapandi Issac, Linear Programming, New Gamma
Publishing House, March 2015.
Unit I: Chapter 3 – Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4
Unit II: Chapter 3 - Sections 5 and 6
Unit III: Chapter 3 - Section 9
Unit IV: Chapter 4
Unit V: Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 - Sections 1 and 2.
Reference Books:
1. Dr. S. Arumugam and Prof. Thangapandi Issac, Linear Programming, New Gamma
Publishing House, March 2015.
2. Kanti Swarup, P. K. Gupta, Manmohan, Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons,
New Delhi, 1978.

1152
 MODEL QUESTION

Subject Code Month and Year

MODERN ALGEBRA

Maximum: 75 Marks Time: 3 Hours

PART A (10 X 1 = 10 marks)
Answer ALL Questions.
Choose the Correct Answer:
1. The number of elements in Symmetric group Sn is -----
(a) n! (b) n (c) n2 (d) n3

2. In the group G = {1, i, -1, -i}, the generator of G is ------

(a) i (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) 4
3. The index of (5Z, +) in (Z, +) is ------
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) -5 (d) 4

4. [G : H] = ---------
(a) |G|/|H| (b) |G|.|H| (c) |G| + |H| (d) |G| - |H|

5. Consider (Z, +) and (2Z, +). Let f: Z → 2Z be an isomorphism. Then f(0) = ---
-
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 5

6. Consider (R, +) and (R+, .). Let f: R → R+ be an isomorphism. Then f(0) = ----
-
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) 2

7. A ring R is called a Boolean ring if a2 = -------, for all a ∈ R.

(a) a (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

8. In (Z, +, .) ------- and ------ are units.

(a) 1 and -1 (b) 0 and 1 (c) 0 and -1 (d) 1 and 2

9. The ideal --------- is a prime ideal in Z.

(a) (3) (b) (4) (c) (6) (d) (9)

10. Let R be any ring. Let a ∈ R. Then aR is a -----------.

(a) left ideal (b) right ideal (c) ideal (d) integral domain

1153
 PART B (5 X7 = 35 marks)
Answer ALL Questions.
Choosing either (a) or (b):
11. (a) Prove that any permutation can be expressed as a product of disjoint
cycles.
OR
(b) Prove that any subgroup of cyclic group is cyclic.

12. (a) Prove that any two left cosets of a subgroup H of a group G are either
identical or disjoint.
OR
(b) Prove that any subgroup H of a group G of index 2 is a normal subgroup.

13. (a) Prove that any infinite cyclic group G is isomorphic to (Z, +).
OR
(b) Prove that any finite cyclic group of order n is isomorphic to (Zn , ⊕).

14. (a) Prove that Zn is an integral domain if and only if n is prime.

OR
(b) Prove that any finite commutative ring R without zero divisors is a field.

15. (a) Prove that a field has no proper ideals.

OR
(b) Let R be a commutative ring with identity. Prove that R is a field if and
only if R has no proper ideals.
PART C (3 X10 = 30 marks)
Answer Any THREE Questions.
16. If a permutation p∈Sn is a product of r transpositions and also a product of s
transpositions, prove that either r and s are both even or both odd.
17. State and prove Lagrange’s theorem.
18. Prove that isomorphism is an equivalence relation among groups.
19. Prove that the characteristic of any field is either zero or a prime number.
20. Let R be a commutative ring with identity. Prove that an ideal M of R is
maximal if and only if R/M is a field.

1154