SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN AZLAN

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018
 SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN AZLAN

Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) With Honours

Faculty of Informatics and Computing

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

May 2018
 DECLARATION

Hereby I Muhammad Ariff declared that the report titled Smart Irrigation System is

based on the result of my own research with information retrieved from various

sources to this confession. I also declared that my project may have some similarity

with other previous student’s but this project has been only produced by me myself in

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.

Signature :………………………………………….

Name : Muhammad Ariff Bin Azlan

Date : 19 May 2018

i
 CONFIRMATION

This project titled Smart Irrigation System was prepared and submitted by

Muhammad Ariff Bin Azlan with Matric Number of BTCL15041208 and has fulfil

the required specification in terms of scope, quality and presentation as partial

requirement for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) With

Honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.

Signature : ………………………………................

Supervisor : Prof. Madya Dr. Mokhairi B. Makhtar

Date : 19 May 2018.

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 DEDICATION

Firstly and foremost, praises to Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah,

for blessing me and giving me opportunity to complete my Final Year Project Smart Irrigation

System.

I would also take my opportunity to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Madya Dr.

Mokhairi Bin Makhtar for his good guidance and advices that has been given to me throughout

this entire flow of this Project. I am so grateful for him to be my supervisor.

I also want to give my thanks to all my family member as they have been supporting me from

the start of this project through various means.

I also like to thank my friend for giving me numerous ideas and for being supportive in this

Project.

Lastly I would like to thank the Faculty of Informatics and Computing for giving us student of

the faculty a chance in this Final Year Project. I would like to thank the lectures that has been

guiding us in form of studies that allow us to proceed if not smoothly has ease our path in the

Project.

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 ABSTRACT

Irrigation is a system where the plant are being watered systematically and is often used

widely in agriculture purpose and there are some who use it for gardening. This Project

which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to ease the life of the farmer who in

addition can monitor the moisture of the water in the soil as to ensure the intake of water

needed for the plant be enough for their growth.

It has been observed that farmer sometimes fail to manage to consumption water of the

plant and always ends up overwater the plant. It is also being known that lot of farmer

don’t have the exact indicator to know the rate of consumption for each plant. Thus this

system will manage to help the farmer systematically monitor the consumption rate of

plant and additionally able to monitor the data sent by the sensor to help manage the

plant itself too.

It is the objective of this project to design new infrastructure of irrigation method,

developing the system for it and to test it in the environment needed for it to be used to

know if this project may help in the agriculture industry or it can also be a help in hobby

department.

It is also expected for this project to meet some obstacles such as the cost needed or

maybe the hardware may need to get power sources or the sensor may broke after certain

time of the usage. It result for this project is also expected for it to automatically irrigate

the plant without the farmer intervention except for tiny little detail. The farmer may

also can view if the plant has been irrigated and the farmers can be alerted if the water

needed for the irrigation got problem,

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The technique that are being used in this project is primarily IoT as it can gather data

from the sensor equipped to it and scan send it to the user effectively. With this Smart

Irrigation project we can ensure the water that are being used to water the plant are

being used optimally and the water can also be conversed to its fullness.

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 CONTENTS

PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Scopes
1.5 Limitation of Work 3
1.6 Expected Result
1.7 Conclusion 4

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Reviewed Literature
2.2.2 Web based service to monitor automatic
irrigation system for the agriculture field using
sensors. 6
2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System 7
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated
Water Irrigation System 8
2.3 Summary 9

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

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3.1 Introduction 10
3.2 Research Analysis and Paradigm 11
3.2.1 Feasibility Study
3.2.2 Data Collection and Gathering
3.2.3 Framework Design Phase
3.3 System Development Methodology 12
3.3.1 Planning Phase
3.3.2 Analysis Phase 13
3.3.3 Design Phase
3.3.4 Implementation Phase 14
3.3.5 Testing Phase
3.4 Hardware Used 15
3.5 Software Used
3.6 Project Design Scheme
3.6.1 Framework Design 16
3.6.2 Context Diagram 17
3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram 18
3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 19
3.6.5 Prototype 20
3.7 Conclusion 21

CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

4.1 Introduction 22
4.2 Project Testing 23
4.3 Project Implementation 24

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Future Suggestion
4.3 Conclusion 28

REFERENCES 29

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Literature Review of Web based service to monitor 6
automatic irrigation system for the agriculture field using
sensors
2.2 Literature Review of Automatic Irrigation System 7
2.3 Literature Review of Prototype for Automatically 8
Navigated Water Irrigation System
3.1 Table show the hardware used 15
3.4 Table show the software used 15

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 System Development Methodology 13
3.2 Framework Design of the project 15
3.3 Context Diagram 16
3.4 Data Flow Diagram 17
3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram 18
3.6 Protoype of Smart Irrigation System 19
4.1 Testing using Arduino Aplication 22
4.2 Testing sensor using Prototype model 22
4.3 Viewing the data using dashboard 23
4.4 Viewing list of data gathered by sensor 23
4.5 The code used to uploaded into NodeMCU and 24
View using serial monitor
4.6 Implementing Smart Irrigation System using hardware 25

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Background

Irrigation is a founded system to ensure the plant can get enough water provided by the

system for the growth of the plant itself.

This Project which is Smart Irrigation System firstly developed to ease the life of the

farmer who in addition can monitor the moisture of the water in the soil as to ensure the

intake of water needed for the plant be enough for their growth.

1.2 Problem Statement

The problem that are leading to development of this project can be summarized to two

problem where:

a) Farmers do not have any indicators to exactly know if the water given to the

plant is enough or excessive.

b) With manually controlled irrigation it does not being operated systematically

causing the water used is excessive to plant

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1.3 Objectives

- To design a new infrastructure of irrigation method.

- To develop an irrigation system for the farmer to monitor their plant or field.

- To test the functionality of this project by implementing it in suitable condition.

1.4 Scope

The Scope of this project can be divided into :

1.4.1 User

o Farmers that can access the dashboard and view the data from the system

to ensure the plant consumption of water flow smoothly.

o Gardener that are planting a newly plant for hobby to monitor the water

consumption of their plant.

1.4.2 System

o Web-based System for user to view data from the dashboard.

o Database to analyse collected data and information into dashboard.

o Arduino for programming Arduino microcontroller

1.4.3 Hardware

o Arduino

o Breadboard

o Sensor

 Soil moisture level

 Soil moisture level

o Solenoid

o Jumper Wire

o Single Relay Module

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1.5 Limitation of Work

- The cost for this project may exceed the budget causing the project

incomplete.

- The sensor may malfunction if used for a long period of time and may needed

to be changed.

- The power needed for Arduino may be limited as Arduino need to always be

in powered on state for it to active.

1.6 Expected Result

- The system will manage to autonomously irrigate the plant without human

interference.

- The System manage to monitor water moisture level in soil and send the

data to user.

- The sensor used can alert the system to irrigate the plant if the water level

monitored is below plant sustenance.

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 1.7 Conclusion

This project consist of six chapters. First chapter focuses on the background of the

project, the introduction and what is investigated to make this project to be developed.

Chapter 2 will be based on related study that be used to improve or correcting the

project. Chapter 3 will discussed about the methodology used in the project. As for

chapter 4 we will view on about the expected result and discus what way will be taken

to reach that result. In chapter 5 we will reviewed about the technique that has been

conducted and be used to develop the project. And at the last chapter the conclusion and

the final result will be included.

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 Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

Literature Review is a very important aspect in a research or project where the literature

reviewed can give the reader another view on how that system can be developed and be

constructed so that it can operate more smoothly and completely.

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2.2 Reviewed Literature

2.2.1 Web Based Service to Monitor Automatic Irrigation System for the Agriculture

Field Using Sensors.

Table 2.1

In this paper is shown that the author is using web based system to monitor the data of

the irrigation system developed. Arduino with grove moisture sensor and water level

sensor are used to detect the moisture level of water in the pot of plant and to monitor

the water level in the to determine if the water has been used up or decrease and cannot

irrigate the plant anymore. They designed this to keep the system still works even when

there is no worker to irrigate the plant and to monitor water consumption of the plant.

With the help of the web based system the admin can monitor how much water is being

used for irrigating the plant that day. Zigbee protocol is used for the Arduino

microcontroller and the system to communicate with each other.

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2.2.2 Automated Irrigation System

Table 2.2

7
2.2.3 Prototype for Automatically Navigated Water Irrigation System

Table 2.3

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2.3 Conclusion

Based on the research paper reviewed earlier. There are protocol that can be used for

the system to be used for communicating with each other. This project must also take

account of how it can further be used to help the user in the usability and maintaining

it. As we know this project, Smart Irrigation System aims to irrigate the plant

automatically with the help of Arduino microcontroller, sensor and system to monitor

the information. This can be used to aid the development of this project to its completion

better.

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 Chapter 3

Methodology

3.1 Introduction

Project methodology play important role to ensure research can be accomplished. This

chapter will focus on how methodology affect the outcome of the project. This topic

research is made to understand how an Irrigation of the plant can be done efficiently

with the help of new technology of Internet of Thing (IoT). This chapter will also

explain deeply on how this system works and what type of hardware and software will

be used to help the progress of this research.

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3.2 Analysis study and research justification

There are four stages involved in this research. These stages is related to each other and

its detail will be explained as followed.

3.2.1 Feasibility study.

In this phase an investigation is carried out to analyse the positive and

the negative of this project. There are a lot of information being identified for

this research such as Objective, scope and problem statement. A proposal then

was prepared and proposed to the supervisor in charge based on the

investigation. This resulted in project of Smart Irrigation System.

3.2.2 Data collection & Gathering.

For this phase, al data related to the research was collected through some

method of data collection technique that come from article, conference and

journal. The collected data then being review and the information is being

summarized to help in the research progress.

3.2.3 Framework Design Phase.

In this phase, Framework Design is essential for making the prototype.

Framework designed will describe about collection of the tools for helping

developing this system. But before this framework design is being designed we

must know about the methodology model that is being used in this project which

is Interactive and Incremental Life Cycle Model. This methods helps in

developing system through repeated cycle which is iteractive and incremental.

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3.3 System Development Methodology

This incremental build model is a method of software development to describe the

system’s designed, implemented and being tested incrementally. We can see an example

of this cycle in Figure 3.

Figure 3.1 System Development Model

From this figure we can conclude that the development of project is based on this five

phase which is Planning Phase, Analysis Phase, Design Phase, Implementation Phase

and lastly the Maintenance Phase.

3.3.1 Planning Phase.

For the Planning phase, the developer need to create the suitable title for the project.

This project title is Smart Irrigation System. At this phase I need to plan how to

complete this project by considering the time of this project, investigating arisen

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problem that need to be solved and consulting with the supervisor to propose idea for

the creation of this project. Then I need to write an abstract to describe roughly of this

project.

3.3.2 Analysis Phase

At this phase I tried to investigate clues or information that can be used to develop this

project on how to solve the problem for this project mainly. I also take account on how

will this project will cost me and how much time it will be for this project to be

completed.

I also do some research on the previous and latest journal to get any information

regarding this project to make sure I can make this project better.

3.3.3 Design Phase

At this phase I need to identify what kind of hardware that need to be considered to be

added into the design of this project. I also need to complete around half of my design

to properly identify of how the prototype of this project will look and to clearly

recognize any error that can be fixed at this stage. I also will be needed to create the

framework design, context diagram, data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram

based on the analysis constructed at analysis phase.

These diagram will act as guidance to the flow of the system and is crucial to the

project.

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 3.3.4 Implementation Phase

This phase is where the design will be implemented as a bse for coding process. The

coding will be divided to few parts of the requirement. In this Smart Irrigation System

project we will mainly use Arduino program to coding the ARDUINO UNO Board as

it is crucial to the project. The sensor used will also need to be calibrated and will be

incorporated into the ARDUINO Board.

3.3.5 Testing Phase.

When all the module has been implemented into single system. The testing then will

be carried out to identify any error that may occurred. This phase is crucial as we

would not want any error surfaced during the real deployment.

3.3.6 Deployment phase.

This is the phase where the built system will be deployed and incorporated by the

user. This also means that the deployed system will be subjected to incoming

maintenance for any problem that may occurred.

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3.4 Hardware Used

This is the list of Hardware used in this project to ensure that this project can be carried

out.

Hardware Description

Laptop Model : ASUSX454LJ-XV045D

Processor : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-5010U

CPU @ 2.10GHz

Ram : 8.00 GB

OS : Windows 10 Pro

ARDUINO ARDUINO UNO R3

Sensors Soil Moisture Sensor

Water Pump

Table 3.1 : System Hardware Requirements

3.5 Software Used

The software that is used in this project is as follows to ensure the flow of the project.

Software Description

Sumatra PDF To Read pdf file

Microsoft Office 2016 Report writing and slides presentation

Arduino 1.8.6 For coding the Arduino microcontroller

Vivaldi 1.10.867.42 (Stable channel) (64- To act as internet medium for helping the

bit) project development

Table 3.2 : System Software Requirements

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3.6 Project Design Scheme

3.6.1 Framework Design

Figure 3.2 Framework Design of Smart Irrigation System

In this Framework Design we can see the connection between Arduino board to the

sensor and how the data will flow to the monitoring system. The Arduino are

connected to 4 devices where 2 of them are the sensor (Temperature Sensor and Soil

Moisture Sensor), 1 of them is Solenoid Valve and the other one is NodeMCU which

is being used to connect the Arduino to the network. The data retrieved by the

Arduino from the sensor will be transferred to via NodeMCU to the dashboard. User

and Admin then can view these report in the form of report.

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 3.6.2 Context Diagram

Figure 3.3 Context Diagram of Smart Irrigation System

This context diagram in the project showed that when the User request data for real

time data it will request the data from the Arduino. The Arduino then retrieve

temperature data and soil moisture data and send it to the user via the system.

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 3.6.3 Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3.4 Data Flow Diagram of Smart Irrigation System

This Data Flow Diagram showed that the system record the data from Temperature

Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. The recorded data then being kept into the data

storage. When the user want to view the data. The data will be sent to the system

where the system will generate the report. The Report then can be viewed by the User.

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 3.6.4 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram of Smart Irrigation System

In this Entity Relationship Diagram we can see that we have two sensor which is

Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture Sensor. This data retrieved by these sensor will

then be sent to the Arduino and further sent to the System for live view.

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 3.6.5 Prototype

Figure 3.6 Smart Irrigation System Prototype

In this Figure we can see the connection from the Arduino to the Sensor. The

Temperature Sensor and Soil Moisture is connected to the Arduino Pin and the

potentiometer is being used to calibrate it for the time being. We can see that when the

data gathered by the sensors will be gathered to Arduino. The gathered data then will

passed through connection devices to send it to the dashboard.

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3.7 Conclusion

This chapter explain of what kind of methodology that has been used in this project

and explain clearly of the hardware and software that has been used in this project. In

this chapter too every phase clearly detailed of the project development and what is

expected in each phase.

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 Chapter 4

Implementation and Result

4.1 Introduction

This chapter will be discussing about the expected result and what has been achieved

during the project testing and implementation. This phase will show the end result of

the project and the implementation and testing phase will also be included.

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4.2 Project Testing

Figure 4.1 : Arduino Application (IDE)

Figure 4.2 : Arduino Sensor Testing (Moisture Sensor)

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4.3 Project Implementation

Figure 4.3 Smart Irrigation System display on webpage

This figure shows that user can view the data that are being collected by the

NodeMCU-esp12e microcontroller.

Figure 4.4 show list of data that has been gathered by the
sensor.
This allow the user to be aware and analyse the data for
future usage.

Figure 4.4 List of data collected from sensor

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 Figure 4.5 Implementation of code using Arduino Application (IDE)

This figure show the code and the serial monitor are used to check if there are any

problem such as the data not getting through or in case of malfunction of code.

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 Figure 4.6 Implementation of Smart Irrigation System through hardware.

This figure shown the connection of Soil Moisture Sensor, Relay Module and Water

Pump through NodeMCU. The data gathered by the sensor will be fed to NodeMCU

and be sent to webpage. The data then can determine if the water are not enough and

activating water pump to irrigate the plant.

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 Chapter 5

Conclusion

5.1 Introduction

Smart Irrigation System is a system designed for the user to automatically irrigate the

plant using IoT technique. This is thought to help ease the usage of water to the plant

and help in optimizing the water management for the plant. This project is done using

hardware such as water pump, NodeMCU and sensor which is specifically soil

moisture Sensor. This chapter will also discuss future suggestion of this project.

5.2 Future suggestion

For the future work of this project, there are a few suggestion that can be considered

in upgrading the system to be better and more efficient.

- We can add sensor that may be capable in monitoring the ph level of soil or

water level sensor to monitor the water inside the tank used in irrigating the

plant.

- It can be considered to improvise so that this system can be used to manage

more plant and not limited to only one plant.

- The system could be more efficient in alerting the user if there are a type of

notification that could be implemented in the system such as SMS.

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5.3 Conclusion

Smart Irrigation System is a system that are designed to help farmer to irrigate the

plant without any human interference and it could be a big help to the farmer as this

coul be one of the indicator in ensuring the water that is needed for the plant does not

be excessive. This system will also managed to monitor the water consumption of the

plant day by day and this data could be a big help in preserving the water being used

to plant and can be used for other purpose. Last but not least, hopefully this system

managed to be used for other purpose and be of help to others.

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 References

 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6838569/

 http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/

 www.iosrjournals.org

 http://www.instructables.com/id/SMART-IRRIGATION-SYSTEM-Using-IoT/

 http://www.instructables.com/id/Smart-Irrigation-System/

 http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/486494.html

 https://skrisshphoolbari.wordpress.com/2016/01/15/drip-irrigation-system/

 http://www.electronicdesign.com/analog/3-ways-iot-revolutionizes-farming

 http://www.softwebiot.com/iot-use-cases/iot-solutions-for-agriculture-industry/

 http://keywordsuggest.org/gallery/482684.html

 www.arduino.cc

 IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN:

2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 10, Issue 3, Ver. II (May - Jun.2015), PP 32-
36 www.iosrjournals.org

 H.T.Ingale, N.N.Kasat proposed "Automated Irrigation System", International Journal

of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD 2012)

 Pratik A.Patil, Sangram V.Bhosale et al “Prototype for automatically navigated water

irrigation system”, The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES 2015)

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