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Topic - 17 - Past - Papers Markscheme

This document contains a past exam paper with multiple choice and short answer questions about chemical equilibrium and the production of methanol from methane. There are 21 total marks worth of questions covering topics like reaction stoichiometry, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and conditions for spontaneity.

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Mahmoud Sameh-Abdel-Lateef
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190 views10 pages

Topic - 17 - Past - Papers Markscheme

This document contains a past exam paper with multiple choice and short answer questions about chemical equilibrium and the production of methanol from methane. There are 21 total marks worth of questions covering topics like reaction stoichiometry, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and conditions for spontaneity.

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Sameh-Abdel-Lateef
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 17 past papers [21 marks]

1. 1.0 mol each of sulfur dioxide, oxygen, and sulfur trioxide are in [1 mark]
equilibrium.
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 SO3 (g)
Which change in the molar ratio of reactants will cause the greatest increase in
the amount of sulfur trioxide?
Assume volume and temperature of the reaction mixture remain constant.

Markscheme
D
Hydrogen peroxide can react with methane and oxygen to form methanol. This
reaction can occur below 50°C if a gold nanoparticle catalyst is used.

2a. The diagram shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann curve for the uncatalyzed [2 marks]
reaction.
Draw a distribution curve at a lower temperature (T2) and show on the diagram
how the addition of a catalyst enables the reaction to take place more rapidly than
at T1.
Markscheme

curve higher AND to left of T1 ✔


new/catalysed Ea marked AND to the left of Ea of curve T1 ✔

Do not penalize curve missing a label, not passing exactly through the origin,
or crossing x-axis after Ea.
Do not award M1 if curve drawn shows significantly more/less
molecules/greater/smaller area under curve than curve 1.
Accept Ea drawn to T1 instead of curve drawn as long as to left of marked Ea.

2b. The hydrogen peroxide could cause further oxidation of the methanol. [1 mark]
Suggest a possible oxidation product.

Markscheme
methanoic acid/HCOOH/CHOOH
OR
methanal/HCHO ✔
Accept “carbon dioxide/CO2”.
Methanol is usually manufactured from methane in a two-stage process.
CH4 (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 3H2 (g)
CO (g) + 2H2 (g) ⇌ CH3OH (l)

2c. Determine the overall equation for the production of methanol. [1 mark]

Markscheme
CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CH3OH(l) + H2(g) ✔

Accept arrow instead of equilibrium sign.

2d. 8.00 g of methane is completely converted to methanol. Calculate, to [3 marks]


three significant figures, the final volume of hydrogen at STP, in dm3.
Use sections 2 and 6 of the data booklet.
Markscheme
8.00g
amount of methane = « = » 0.498 «mol» ✔
16.05gmol −1
amount of hydrogen = amount of methane / 0.498 «mol» ✔
volume of hydrogen = «0.498 mol × 22.7 dm3 mol−1 = » 11.3 «dm 3» ✔

Award [3] for final correct answer.


Award [2 max] for 11.4 «dm 3 due to rounding of mass to 16/moles to 0.5. »

Consider the first stage of the reaction.


CH4 (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO (g) + 3H2 (g)

2e. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH, in kJ. Use section 11 of the data [3 marks]
booklet.
Bond enthalpy of CO = 1077 kJ mol−1.
Markscheme
Σbonds broken = 4 × 414 «kJ» + 2 × 463 «kJ» / 2582 «kJ» ✔
Σbonds formed = 1077 «kJ» + 3 × 436 «kJ» / 2385 «kJ» ✔
ΔH «= Σbonds broken − Σbonds formed =( 2582 kJ − 2385 kJ)» = «+»197«kJ»
✔

Award [3] for final correct answer.


Award [2 Max] for final answer of −197 «kJ»

2f. State one reason why you would expect the value of ΔH calculated from [1 mark]
the ΔH f values, given in section 12 of data booklet, to differ from your
answer to (d)(i).

Markscheme
bond energies are average values «not specific to the compound» ✔

2g. State the expression for Kc for this stage of the reaction. [1 mark]

Markscheme
[ CO ] [ H2 ] 3
Kc = [ CH 4 ] [ H2O ]
✔
2h. State and explain the effect of increasing temperature on the value of Kc. [1 mark]

Markscheme
Kc increases AND «forward» reaction endothermic ✔

Hydrogen peroxide can react with methane and oxygen to form methanol. This
reaction can occur below 50°C if a gold nanoparticle catalyst is used.

Now consider the second stage of the reaction.


CO (g) + 2H2 (g) ⇌ CH3OH (l) ΔH = –129 kJ

2i. The equilibrium constant, Kc, has a value of 1.01 at 298 K. [2 marks]
Calculate ΔG , in kJ mol–1, for this reaction. Use sections 1 and 2 of the data
booklet.
Markscheme
«ΔG = − RT lnKc»
ΔG = − 8.31 «J K−1 mol−1» × 298 «K» × ln (1.01) / −24.6 «J mol−1» ✔
= −0.0246 «kJ mol–1» ✔

Award [2] for correct final answer.


Award [1 max] for +0.0246 «kJ mol–1».

2j. Calculate a value for the entropy change, ΔS , in J K–1 mol–1 at 298 K. Use [2 marks]
your answers to (e)(i) and section 1 of the data booklet.
If you did not get answers to (e)(i) use –1 kJ, but this is not the correct answer.

Markscheme
«ΔG = ΔH − TΔS »
ΔG = −129 «kJ mol–1» − (298 «K» × ΔS) = −0.0246 «kJ mol–1» ✔
( 129kJ mol −1+0.0246kJ mol −1 ) ×103
ΔS = « 298K
= » −433 «J K–1 mol–1» ✔

Award [2] for correct final answer.


Award [1 max] for “−0.433 «kJ K–1 mol–1»”.
Award [1 max] for “433” or “+433” «J K–1 mol–1».
Award [2] for −430 «J K–1 mol–1» (result from given values).
2k. Justify the sign of ΔS with reference to the equation. [1 mark]

Markscheme
«negative as» product is liquid and reactants gases
OR
fewer moles of gas in product ✔

2l. Predict, giving a reason, how a change in temperature from 298 K to 273  [1 mark]
K would affect the spontaneity of the reaction.

Markscheme
reaction «more» spontaneous/ΔG negative/less positive AND effect of
negative entropy decreases/TΔS increases/is less negative/more positive
OR
reaction «more» spontaneous/ΔG negative/less positive AND reaction
exothermic «so Kc increases » ✔
Award mark if correct calculation shown.

3. Which statement is correct for a spontaneous reaction? [1 mark]


Markscheme
A

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International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

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