SPECIALIZED SUBJECT - HUMMS

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED

SOCIAL SCIENCE
_____ Semester, SY _____________
QUARTER 1, MODULE 6
THE DISCIPLINES OF SOCIAL
WORK PART 2
Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Science
Self-Learning Module
1st Semester Quarter 1 – Module 6: The Disciplines of Social Work Part 2
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Division of Romblon

Superintendent: Maria Luisa D. Servando, Ph.D.,CESO VI
OIC-Asst. Superintendent: Mabel F. Musa, Ph.D., CESE
Development Team of the Module
Writer/Layout: Cristina C. Menorca
Content Evaluator/Editor: Edsel M. Hilario
Von Erick M. Indonila
Language Evaluator: Irene M. Fabella
Jonna Mae B. Ignacio
Mari Cris S. Rañin
Jofel V. Castellano
Cover Design: Apryl C. Bagnate
Cover Illustratort: Albert Xavier M. Merano
Layout Artist: Angelica Mykka Merida
Meljomar F. Noche

School Management Team: Flory M. Galus

April Joy F. Fetalver
Jonna Mae B. Ignacio

Division Management Team: Maria Luisa D. Servando PhD. CESO VI

Mabel F. Musa PhD, CESE
Melchor M. Famorcan PhD
Apryl C. Bagnate – Project Coordinator
Ruben R. Dela Vega
Leopoldo M. Mago Jr.
Leona Lynn F. Famorcan
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Region IV-B,Schools Division of Romblon
Office Adress :Brgy.Capaclan, Romblon, Romblon
Email Adress :[email protected]
 Lesson CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES IN
1 SOCIAL WORK

INTRODUCTION

1. Hello Senior High learners! In this lesson you will learn to:
2. 1. describe the clientele of social work; and
3. 2. distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations and communities.
4. Social work is a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and
communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being.
5. All people with various social concerns (in terms of being marginalized or experiencing
social injustice or having their rights violated or disrespected) share characteristic
qualities of the clientele audience of social work.
6. In this part of your module, you will encounter the various type of clientele and
audiences in social work practice. Also, how they work and handle situations related
to their field of specialization, what they are going through and their needs that can be
addressed by a social worker.

LESSON AND PRACTICES

Discussion of the Lesson

Characteristics and Needs of Various Types of Clientele

Working with Individuals

In casework individual is the principal client and the efforts of helping are focused
on him/her. De Guzman (1992) explains that the person’s inability to manage stress
which may have been a result of distressful situation or problem caused her/him or
those concerned with her/him to seek professional help.
The social worker needs to acquire basic knowledge of human behavior, of stress
and the human being’s response to it in order for her/her to understand the situation
of the client and eventually help the latter.
In casework process, the aim of the intervention is to facilitate the individual’s social
adaptation, to restore, reshape, or reinforce his/her functioning as a social being.
 The social worker must understand that:

 The person is a “biophysical being” wherein he/she is made up of at least

three (3) parts or subsystem.
- he physical
- the psychological
- the social
Each affects and is being affected by others and it is their totality as a system that
determines the person’s functioning rather than the individualized operation of each
subsystem. Social worker needs to know whether the client can be helped and he or
she can be helped.
Each person makes his/her own adaptation depending on his/her capacities and
motivations to do so- to gain satisfaction, avoid or dissolved frustration, and to maintain
his/her balance in movement.

When faces a threatening situation- tendency to use his/her accustomed modes of

adaptation, and if these fail, revert to modes he/she previously used.
Modes of Adaptation

Fight- means physical or verbal projection of angry feelings on others

especially encountering difficult circumstances, frustration, disappointment, or even
anxiety.
Example: Wife quarrels with husband because of jealousy or person under
stress finds himself/herself shouting.
Flight- manifested when a person physically moves away from the problem like
resorting to drugs, alcohol or substances that will make one forget the current stressful
situation.
Example: The head of the family abandons his family because he can no longer
provide economic support.
Pairing- entails entry into a relationship with another person who is perceived
to be stronger, stable, or has the capacity to provide help over his/her problem.
Example: Solo parents forming support group; barkada system.

For the caseworker, the assessment of a person’s ego strengths and defenses are
essential in the in the helping process since it provide insights on how client can be
helped to ensure an effective and satisfying adaptation to a stressful (De Guzman
1992).
Examples of clients who need social worker’s help:

 Children who are either abandoned, neglected, orphaned, abused, or

exploited;
  Children in conflict with the law, street children, children living with or affected
by HIV;
 Out-of-school youth;
Typology of Clients:

 Voluntary clients;
 Involuntary clients;
 Those being assisted by another person or agency.
Voluntary clients (walk-in clients) – those who opted to voluntary seek the
assistance of the worker or services of the agency due to problems or difficulty which
they think they cannot do it on their own.

Example: Solo parent seeking material assistance, displaced person asking core
shelter assistance, physically challenged person seeking medical attention.
Involuntary clients (reach-out clients)- those individuals in need who may not even
consider asking help because they think that they are doing fine and will survive
somehow or they are unaware of the agencies that can provide them help/assistance.
Example: street children, working children, children/youth in indigenous communities,
out-of-school youth.
Clients being assisted by another person (other family members, relative, friend,
neighbor), group/organizations, or community leaders/workers who are
concerned about client’s situation (referred clients).

Example: Drug dependent, abandoned child, unwed pregnant, an elderly without a

family.
FACTORS that may affect or influence the helping relationship between client
and worker.
1. Transference – client’s reactions and displacement on the worker of the particular
feelings and attitudes he/she may have experienced earlier in life in relationship with
the members of his/her family. She responds to and relates to the worker
unconsciously in a manner that he/she reacts to that familiar figure; clients is unaware
that he/she is already re-enacting some of his/her early behavior.
2. Counter- transference – worker’s relationship reactions that he/she project on the
client and usually it is the worker who transfers previously experienced feelings on the
client. The reaction is unconscious and reality based.
Example: Worker reacts to a male client (as the worker reacted in the past with hostility
and anger towards his/her own father) who abandoned his wife and son only to set up
another family.
3. Reality- is the realistic and objective perception of existing condition or situation. It
is the state of what is actual, what is, and what is true.
Ethical considerations that govern client-worker relationships:
1. acceptance
2. nonjudgmental attitude
3. individualization
4. purposeful expression of feelings
5. controlled emotional involvement
6. confidentiality
7. self-determination

WORKING WITH GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS

Social group work:
- (as a process and method) is rooted on the sociological concept that a person
is a social being who has the inclination and need to associate with other human
beings;
- Group can be utilized as a target for a change, as a medium of change, and as
agent for change.

As a Target for Change – members in a group are clients of an agency who have
common problems, needs, and concerns that match the agency’s or worker’s group
service orientation.

As a Medium for Change- the group is used to facilitate the growth and development
needs of some members of the group as the need for self-expression, communication,
relationship, developing self-confidence and modifying negative attitudes, behavior,
and values.

As an Agent of Change- the group is used to effect the desired needed outside the
group.

Purposes of Social Group Work:

1. to enhance the social adjustment of the individual and developing the social
consciousness;
2. to provide opportunities for planned group experiences that are needed by all
people.
3. to provide experiences that are relaxing and that give individuals a chance to create,
to share and express themselves; and
4. to help individuals in groups to take responsibility for their own behavior, relate with
others and how to become participating members of society.
WORKING WITH COMMUNITIES
The philosophy of community organizations:

-is the acceptance of the right of the community to decide what it wants.
-belief on the capacity of the people to find richer and more satisfying ways of living if
they are helped to use the resources within themselves and their environment which
are and could be made available for them.

Focus of Community Organization:

1. removal of blocks to growth;
2. release of potentials in the individual, group and communities as a whole;
3. development of the capacity of indigenous leaders to lead, to manage, and function
in their social roles;
4. developing the ability of different sectors in the community to function as an
integrated whole;
5. strengthening people’s capacity to problem-solving, decision-making, and
cooperation;
6. full use of inner/indigenous resources before tapping external resources.

Purposes of Community Organization:

1. to solve certain problems and to meet the needs;
2. to achieve selected social goals;
3. to strengthen people’s capacity in dealing with problems, needs, and aspirations.
 CLIENTELE

CHARACTERISTICS NEEDS
S
 Gender The individual is the
 Ethnicity principal clients and the
 Socio-economic efforts of helping are focus
status on him/her. In the casework
Individual
 Culture process, the aim of the
 Age intervention is to facilitate
 Disability the individual’s social
 Sexuality adaption, to restore,
reshape or reinforce her/his
 Beliefs
functioning as a social
 Preferences
being.
 Coping ability

 Facilitate the growth

and development of
 With common
needs of some
identity or similarity
members
with each other.
 Self-expression and
 Have common Groups and
communication
problems, needs Organization
 Relationship
and concerns that
 Developing self
match the worker’s
confidence
group service
 Modifying negative
orientation.
attitudes, behavior
and values.

 People’s sustenance
 A group of people  Help from collective
gathered together identities
in a geographic
 Patterned social
area, large or small Communities
interaction
 With common
 Community
functions, values
Transformation
and interest
 Environmental
change
 PRACTICE EXERCISES
Practice Exercise 1

WHAT’S IN THE PICTURE

Directions: Analyze the pictures below. Describe the situation that the clientele experienced.
Then, identify their needs that can be addressed through social work.

1.________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

www.pinterest.com

2.________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

www.gmanews.com

3.________________________________________

_________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_________________________________________
Practice Exercise 2

Directions: In your barangay, list down some social issues/problems that need to be
addressed. Tell whether the identified issues/problems are experienced by an Individual,
group and organization and community as a whole. You can ask someone from your family
members, neighbors, friends and barangay officials. Answer the following questions
afterwards. Use separate sheet of paper.

1. Identify the issues that need utmost attention by a social worker.

________________________________________________________________
2. What specific solutions or recommendations could you suggest?
________________________________________________________________
3. How does social work address those issues?
________________________________________________________________

Instructions: Please write your learnings from what has been discussed. Write it in your
notebook/answer sheet.

Upon reading the lessons, I learned that…

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

and realized that…

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

WRITTEN WORKS

Directions: Read the statement carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer.
Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. The following are Modes of Adaptation, EXCEPT;

a. fight c. pairing
b. flight d. sharing
2. Which of the following situations best describes the voluntary clients?
a. the wife quarrels with her husband because of jealousy
b. street children, working children, children/youth in indigenous communities, out-of-
school youth.
 c. solo parent seeking material assistance, displaced person asking core shelter
assistance, physically challenged person seeking medical attention.
d. solo parents forming support group; barkada system.
3. It refers to the principal clients on which the efforts of helping are focused on him/her.
a. individual c. organization
b. groups d. communities
4. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of Social Group Work?

a. to enhance the social adjustment of the individual and developing the social
consciousness;
b. to provide opportunities for planned group experiences that are needed by all
people.
c. to provide experiences that are relaxing and that give individuals a chance to create,
to share and express themselves; and
d. to help communities to take responsibility for their own behavior, relate with others
and how to become participating members of society.

5. A group of people gathered together in a geographic area, large or small with common
functions, values and interest is known as _____.
a. communities c. individual
b. society d. groups and Organization

PERFORMANCE TASK
Social Work in Action!

Choose between the two activities which you feel convenient for you to accomplish.

Online Activity

Instructions: Visit the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) website or
it’s Facebook page. Identify its program for the different issues like: poverty, response for
COVID 19 pandemic and unemployment. Make a comprehensive written report and make a
reflection.

Offline Activity

Instructions: Go to your barangay hall and inquire about their social work services or program
for the different issues like poverty, response for COVID 19 pandemic, unemployment or what
their social workers do on a regular basis. Make a comprehensive written report and make a
reflection.

The RUBRIC below will be the basis for assessing your work.
 COMPREHENSIVE REPORT RUBRIC

Criteria 5 4 3 2 Score
Content and Content is Content is Content is not Content is not
Details very informative related to the relevant or
informative and mostly topic. Few accurate. No
and accurate. accurate. supporting details.
Report has Report has details.
many adequate
supporting details.
details and is
interesting to
read.
Organization Report is well Report shows Report is Report has no
organized, adequate poorly organization.
with a catchy organization. organized and
beginning, It has a confusing at
middle and beginning, times.
ending. middle and
end.
Writing Report has Report has a Report has Report is
Mechanics few errors in few to several many errors in unreadable.
and spelling, errors in spelling,
Readability punctuation spelling, punctuations
and/or punctuations, and/or
grammar. and/or grammar.
Report is easy grammar. Report is
to read. Report is difficult to
readable. read.
Depth of Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
Reflection a conscious a thoughtful a basic a little
and thorough understanding understanding understanding
understanding of the writing of the writing of the writing
of the writing prompt and prompt and prompt and
prompt and the subject the subject the subject
the subject matter. matter. This matter. This
matter. This reflection reflection
reflection can needs needs
be used as an revision. revision.
example for
other
students.
Total Score
 Lesson 2 SETTINGS, PROCESSES,
METHODS AND TOOLS IN SOCIAL
WORK

INTRODUCTION
Hello, senior high learner! In this lesson, you will learn to:

 illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking social work.

Do you still have energy to continue? Indeed! In our previous lessons, we became
interested in the discipline of social work and learned to appreciate their important role in
shaping our society and encountered the different clientele that needs their expertise. To
become fully gear and become more effective and efficient in this profession, let’s equip
ourselves with the necessary knowledge on the processes and methods in undertaking social
work. Let’s go!

work. Let’s go!

LESSON AND PRACTICES

Discussion of the Lesson

Settings
Social work is performed and exercised in different settings, including but not limited
to government departments, such as mental health hospitals, social welfare units, institutions
for aged, disabled, youth and correctional, private institutions such as family and marriage,
offenders outside of prison, early childhood development and social work in corporate and
educational institutions (SACSSP, 2016). It may be practiced either in primary or secondary
setting.

1. Government

Social worker involved in research, technology, development, policy analysis and

development, planning, standard development, capacity building program management
including crisis intervention and disaster relief operation and management, social marketing
such as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), Kapitbisig Tungo sa Kahirapan –
Community Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) and Sustainable
Livelihood Program (SLP), etc.
2. Private Sector

Part of the economy, sometimes referred as the citizen sector, which is run by private
individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise for profit and not controlled by the
government.

3. Civil Society

Refers to voluntary organizations corporate bodies, socially active groups and firms
working in each society. Civil society works for discharging several economic, social, cultural,
moral and other responsibilities which fall in the domain of private activities.

4. School

Social workers working within school systems provide services to students to enhance
their emotional well-being and improve their academic performance.

6. Community

Community setting consist of micro-practice and macro-practice. Micro-practice is the

most common kind of social work. The social worker engages with individuals or families to
solve problems. Macro social work is the effort to help clients by intervening in large systems.
Examples include lobbying to change a health care law and organizing a nation-wide activist
group or advocating for large-scale social policy change.

METHODS

Social Work Methods

Beginning
a. Assessment: Analysis and interpretation to reach
understanding of the client
b. Planning: Translate the content of assessment into a
goal statement that described the desired results and
identifying the means to reach the goals.

Middle
a. Intervention or Implementation Plan: Concerned
with the action that will solve clients problems, includes
series of activities that the client and workers needs to
do.
b. Monitoring: Comprehensive examination of the
impacts and influence of the service is done to
determine the efficacy and affectivity of the program

Ending
a. Evaluation: Gathering of information for undergoing
assessment of objectives intervention plans.
b. Termination: Termination of the client-worker
relationship - transfer or referral.
TOOLS

In social work practice, the use of certain tools is necessary to facilitate the
achievement of the goals and objectives set by the worker with the client in the helping
relationship. Utilizing these tools entails technical know-how from the practitioner:

1. Interview

2. Communication

3. Records

4. Community Resources

5. Program Activities

6. Ecological Map (ECO-MAP)

PRACTICE EXERCISE
PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the word/s being defined in column A. Write your answer on the
opposite column (column B) of each item.

A. Definition B
1. It is the gathering of information for undergoing assessment of
objectives intervention plans.
2. It consists of micro-practice and macro-practice.
3. Comprehensive examination of the impacts and influence of the
service is done to determine the efficacy and affectivity of the
program.
4. It’s analysis and interpretation is to reach understanding of the
client.
5. It translate the content of assessment into a goal statement that
described the desired results and identifying the means to reach
the goals.
6. It is the most common kind of social work.
7. It is the effort to help clients by intervening in large systems.
8. It refers to voluntary organizations corporate bodies, socially
active groups and firms working in each society.
9. It is concerned with the action that will solve client’s problems,
includes series of activities that the client and workers needs to do.
10. It is necessary to facilitate the achievement of the goals and
objectives set by the worker with the client in the helping
relationship.
Instruction: Please write your learnings from the discussion. Write your learning in your
notebook/answer sheet.

Upon reading the lesson above, I learned that…

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

and realized that…

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

WRITTEN WORKS

Direction: Make your own graphic organizer using ICT. Think of a creative way to illustrate
the different processes and methods involved in undertaking social work. The RUBRIC below
will be the basis for assessing your work. Use short bond paper.

Criteria 4 3 2 1 Score
Organization Extremely well Organized. Somewhat Poorly
organized. Structure organized organized. A
Order & allow reader Structure clear sense of
structure of to move allows reader direction is not
information is through to move evident. Flow
compelling and content through. is frequently
flows smoothly without Some content interrupted
confusion. without
Flow smoothly confusion.
Flow
sometimes
interrupted
Content Thorough and Complete Shows some Shows
insightful understanding understanding
incomplete
understanding of content. of content understanding
of content of material
Creativity Enthusiastically Use materials Show some Shows
uses materials and ideas of use of minimal effort
and ideas for enhancement materials and of
enhancement. ideas enhancement
of materials
and ideas
 Ideas Insightful and Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are
well considered considered; somewhat on unclear. Few
ideas make more than one topic, makes connections.
multiple thoughtful some
connections. connection is connections.
made.
Total Score
https://www.suprokart.com/TYPO2008GRAPHICORGANIZERRUBRIC.HTM

PERFORMANCE TASK
Research Workloads

Choose between the two activities which you feel convenient for you to accomplish.

Online Activity

Instructions: Go online and look for Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) involved in

social work. How does it conduct social work in times of calamity? Make a short report by
summarizing their programs and activities with personal reflections.

Offline Activity

Instructions: Do a research on existing Non- Government Organization (NGO) involved in

social work in your locality like Eagle Response Team (ERT), Kabalikat Civicom and the like.
Select only one NGO where you will focus on your research. Make a short report by
summarizing their programs and activities with personal reflections.

The RUBRIC below will be the basis for assessing your work.

Criteria 5 4 3 2 Score
Content and Content is Content is Content is not Content is not
Details very informative related to the relevant or
informative and mostly topic. Few accurate. No
and accurate. accurate. supporting details.
Report has Report has details.
many adequate
supporting details.
details and is
interesting to
read.
Organization Report is well Report shows Report is Report has no
organized, adequate poorly organization.
with a catchy organization. organized and
beginning, It has a confusing at
middle and beginning, times.
ending.
 middle and
ending.
Writing Report has Report has a Report has Report is
Mechanics few errors in few to several many errors in unreadable.
and spelling, errors in spelling,
Readability punctuation spelling, punctuations
and/or punctuations, and/or
grammar. and/or grammar.
Report is easy grammar. Report is
to read. Report is difficult to
readable. read.
Depth of Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
reflection a conscious a thoughtful a basic a little
and thorough understanding understanding understanding
understanding of the writing of the writing of the writing
of the writing prompt and prompt and prompt and
prompt and the subject the subject the subject
the subject matter. matter. This matter. This
matter. This reflection reflection
reflection can needs needs
be used as an revision. revision.
example for
other
students.
Total Score
Textbook
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., PhD, et.al. The Padayon Series Discipline and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2016
Website
The Discipline of Social Work https://www.academia.edu/38566190/social-work-applied-
social-science
Humanities and Social Science https//m.facebook.com/jshs.humss/posts/
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences https://pdfcoffee.com/discipline-and-
ideas-in-the-applied-social-sciences-module-2-pdf-free.html
Rubrics for Written Reports
https://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+written+report&source+hp&ei+taclY63AuCQr7w
PipycwAk&0q=rubrics+written+report&gs
Social Work Services, Processes and Methods https://www.elcomblus.com/social-work-
services-process-and-methods/
https://www.elcomblus.com/the-settings-of-social-work/
 Key to Practice Exercises

LESSON 1
Practice Exercise 1
Answers may vary

Practice Exercise 2
Answer may vary

WRITTEN WORK
1. D
2. C
3. A
3. D
4. A

PERFORMANCE TASK
Answer may vary

Lesson 2

Practice Exercise 1
1. Evaluation:
2. Community setting
3. Monitoring
4. Assessment
5. Planning
6. Micro-practice
7. Macro social work
8. Civil Society
9. Intervention or Implementation Plan
10. Tools

Written Works
Answer may vary

Performance Task
Answer may vary