A COMPILATION OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINING WEBINARS ON

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

AN OJT MANUSCRIPT SUBMITTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PALOMPON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
PALOMPON, LEYTE, PHILLIPPINES

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

BANJOLINO M. ESPEJO

SEPTEMBER, 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING
PIT, Palompon, Leyte, Philippines
Telefax: (053) 555-98-41 local 6538
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.pit,edu.ph

TRANSMITTAL
The undergraduate field manuscript attached hereto entitled, “A

COMPILATION OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINING WEBINARS ON INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING PRACTICE” prepared and submitted by BANJOLINO M.

ESPEJO in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Mechanical Engineering is hereby accepted.

ENGR. JULIUS CODILLA

SIPP Program Coordinator

_________________
Date
Student Research Committee:

RUBY ENCENZO ENGR. REY CESAR V. OLORVIDA ENGR. ROMIL L. ASOQUE

Institute SIPP Overall IE Dep’t Chairman COTE Dean
Coordinator

______________ ______________ ______________

Date Date Date

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering.

Vision A premier polytechnic state university

Mission To strengthen its capacity of producing highly skilled, competent, and world-class human
resources, responsible to fulfill stakeholder needs, goals of the national development and
ASEAN integration, for the attainment of a good quality of life with the guidance and
providence of God.
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The author, Banjolino Mercadal Espejo, was born on the 8th day of

October year 1999 at Tondo, Manila City and now acurrently living in Brgy.

Duljugan, Palompon, Leyte, a second son of Domingo Espejo Jr. and Annabelle

Mercadal. He finished his elementary education at Duljugan Elementary School

batch of 2011-2012. He finished his secondary education at San Francisco

National High School batch of 2017-2018. He is currently enrolled at Palompon

Institute of Technology, taking a degree of Bachelor of Science in Industriall

Engineering.

.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii
The author is very grateful and overwhelmed with the support of all people

behind this relevant part of being a student to finish the OJT Manuscript and

giving him enough strength, through mental and physical support in order to

realize the output in making the document.

To the author's parents, relatives, and friends who are always there to

keep in minding to do his best efforts, for the encouragement and unmeasurable

advices which helped in completing this paper financially and morally guidance

and support.

To his adviser Engr. Julius Codilla, ME 20 instructors, for his deepest

efforts and guidance in making the webinars become successful. Also, the author

is very grateful to him, despite the patience with understanding to the students

and their poor internet connectivity, and all his guidance and teachings

throughout the whole webinar OJT's sessions.

To the following speakers who gave their crucial time and priceless effort,

and sharing their experiences, expertise, knowledge, and advises in all different

fields and specializations. The author is so honored on having resource speakers

like them.

• Mr. Leo Roswald M. Tugonon, MM., JD

• Engr. Julius Codilla, ME

• Engr. Jetmars Marquez, RME

• Engr. Wilver B. dela Peña, REE, RME

• Engr. Ronald B. Lacaba, REE, RME

• Engr. Alfredo S. Almoroto, IE

• Engr. Danilo M. Siervo Jr., REE

• Engr. Michael Ray S. Wenceslao, RME

• Engr. Ryan M. Lubiano, RME

• Engr. Rheynand M. Pajaron, RME

• Engr. Kenneth Requitillo

• Engr. Rey Ann Bande, IE

• Engr. Jimboy Y. Fresnido, RME

Above all, to God Almighty for His undying love and unmeasurable

blessings he has given to the author, who is thankful for the strength and

guidance for the entire webinar's sessions.

Deepest gratitude,

BANJOLINO M. ESPEJO
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
v
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………………...… i
TRANSMITTAL …………………………………………………………………...... ii
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ……………………………………………………..... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………………………...…... iv
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………
……………………….……… .ix
CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Nature and Importance of the On-the-Job Training Webinar ……... 1
1.2 Learning Outcomes …………………………………………………. 1
1.3 The On-the-Job Training Webinars ……………………………………2
CHAPTER II – DISCUSSION
2.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment …………………….11
2.2 Session 2: On-the-Job Training (OJT) Webinar Orientation…………12
2.3 Session 3: Bullet Tank and Piping System ……………………………13
2.4 Session 4: Fundamentals of Maintenance Plan ………………………15
2.5 Session 5: Electrical Design and Calculations of Residential
Building “Based on latest PEC of 2009” ……………………17
2.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer ……………………...20
2.7 Session 7: Preventive Maintenance of a Commercial Building
Transformer …………………………………………………...22
2.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME
Postgraduate ……………………………………………….....24
2.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management ……………......25
2.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing ……………………………….27
2.11 Session 11: The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training ………….30
 2.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path …………………….31
2.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute
Failure Modes and Countermeasures Analysis ……………32
CHAPTER III - APPLICATION ON THE FIELD: MANAGEMENT SKILLS,
VALUES OF PROFESSIONALISM, AND WORK APPRECIATED
APPLIED
3.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment …………………….34
3.2 Session 2: On-the-Job Training (OJT) Webinar Orientation…………36
3.3 Session 3: Bullet Tank and Piping System ……………………………36
3.4 Session 4: Fundamentals of Maintenance Plan ………………………37
3.5 Session 5: Electrical Design and Calculations of Residential
Building “Based on latest PEC of 2009” ……………………42
3.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer ……………………...43
3.7 Session 7: Preventive Maintenance of a Commercial Building
Transformer …………………………………………………...44
3.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME
Postgraduate ………………………………………………....48
3.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management ……………......49
3.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing ……………………………….52
3.11 Session 11: The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training ………….54
3.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path …………………….56
3.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute
Failure Modes and Countermeasures Analysis ……………57

CHAPTER IV – TECHNICAL SKILLS LEARNED AND APPLIED AND THEIR

RELATION TO THE THEORIES LEARNED IN COLLEGE

4.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment …………………….67

4.2 Session 2: On-the-Job Training (OJT) Webinar Orientation…………67
4.3 Session 3: Bullet Tank and Piping System ……………………………67
 4.4 Session 4: Fundamentals of Maintenance Plan ………………………68
4.5 Session 5: Electrical Design and Calculations of Residential
Building “Based on latest PEC of 2009” ……………………68
4.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer ……………………...69
4.7 Session 7: Preventive Maintenance of a Commercial Building
Transformer …………………………………………………...69
4.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME
Postgraduate ………………………………………………....70
4.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management ……………......70
4.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing ……………………………….73
4.11 Session 11: The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training ………….73
4.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path …………………….74
4.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute
Failure Modes and Countermeasures Analysis ……………74
CHAPTER V. CAREER PLAN ……………………………………………...……... 60
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………...………. 62
APPENDIX A. CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE ……………………...……… 64
APPENDIX B. CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION ……………………………… 65
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.3.1: Introduction of the Speaker (Session 1) …………………………… 2
Figure 1.3.2 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 2) …………………………… 3
Figure 1.3.3 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 3) …………………………… 3
Figure 1.3.4 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 4) ……………………...…… .4
Figure 1.3.5 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 5) ……………………...……. 5
Figure 1.3.6 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 6) ……………………...…… .6
Figure 1.3.7 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 7) ……………………...……. 6
Figure 1.3.8 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 8) ……………………...…… .7
Figure 1.3.9 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 9) ……………………...…… .8
Figure 1.3.10 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 10) …………………...….... 8
Figure 1.3.11 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 11) …………………...…... 9
Figure 1.3.12 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 12) …………………...…... 9
Figure 1.3.13 Introduction of the Speaker (Session 13) …………………...…...10
Figure 2.3.1: Schematic of Inventory in Refinery …………………….......…….13
Figure 2.3.2: Codes & Standards ………………………………………..............14
Figure 2.5.1: Single Occupancy ………………………………………....….…… 18
Figure 2.5.2: Multiple Occupancy …………………………………………...…… 18
Figure 2.5.3: National Building Code (PD1096) …………………………...…… 19
Figure 2.6.1: What Industrial Engineers do? (1) …………………………………20
Figure 2.6.2: What Industrial Engineers do? (2) …………………………………21
Figure 2.7.1: Cast Resin Dry Type Transformer ………………………....….......23
Figure 2.7.2: Oil Immersed Transformer ……………………………….......…….23
Figure 2.7.3: Pole Mounted Transformer ………………………………............. 24
Figure 2.9.1: Four Major Refrigeration System Components ………......……. 26
Figure 2.10.1: National Emission Standards for Source-Specific Air Pollutants
(NESSAP) 1 …………………………………………………………28
Figure 2.10.2: National Emission Standards for Source-Specific Air Pollutants
(NESSAP) 2 ……………………………………………………… 29
Figure 2.13.1: P –R Curve …………………………………………………...…... 31
Figure 3.3.1: Roof Drain Hose Inspection ……………………………………… 36
Figure 3.4.1: CNC Machine …………………………………………………….. 38
Figure 3.4.2: Notching Machine ………………………………………………... 39
Figure 3.4.3: Double-head Precision Aluminum Cutting Saw ………………. 39
Figure 3.5.1: Electrical Wiring Layout ……………………………………....…. 43
Figure 3.7.1: Thermal Scanning ………………………………………………... 44
Figure 3.7.2: Mega-ohmmeter ………………………………………………….. 45
Figure 3.9.1: (P&ID) Refrigeration System ……………………………....….... 50
Figure 3.9.2: Horizontal Liquid Receiver ………………………………....…… 51
Figure 3.9.3: Auto Purger ……………………………………………….......….. 51
Figure 3.10.1: USEPA Method …………………………………………………..53
Figure 3.13.1: Maintenance Strategy ………………………………………….. 57
Figure 3.13.2: Reliability Domains ……………………………………………… 59
Figure 4.3.1: Roof Drain …………………………………………………………..68
Figure 4.7.1: Conduct Annual Preventive Maintenance of 6-units
Pole Type Utility Transformers …………………………………. 69
Figure 4.9.1: Evaporation Process …………………………………………….. 70
Figure 4.9.2: Condensing Process …………………………………………….. 71
Figure 4.9.3: Expansion Process ………………………………………………. 72
Figure 4.9.4: Refrigeration Cycle Summary ………………………….…..…... 72
Figure 4.13.4: Root Cause Analysis …………………………………………… 75
Figure 5. Career Plan Flow Chart Diagram …………………………………… 60
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Nature and Importance of the On-the-Job Training Webinar
On-the-Job Training, or also called as OJT, is very relevant part of almost

type of courses wherein the students will practice the learnings they gained and

acquired during the years of constantly obtaining knowledge from their

instructors. This is the training uses the existing knowledge to teach the students

how to effectively do their job in the future.

Actually, this training is subjected to undergo actual training in real work

place but due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the new normal learning

strategies were implemented by the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) for the

Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases to prohibit the face-to-face

classes. Despite of all health problems, risks, and limitations; a webinar was

implemented in almost states and universities nation-wide.

A webinar is an online event held virtually which is attended exclusively by

an online audience. Webinars are also the most important part of education. It

helps remove the skepticisms from the minds of the students who are not

confident enough to raise their hands. As they find an ideal job in the future.
1.2 Learning Outcomes
After each webinar session, the students would be able to understand the

following learning outcomes:

i. Identify area/field of industrial engineering practice;

ii. Discuss the area/field of practice to its application in the field of

industrial engineering through the actual experiences presented in the

seminar;

iii. Discuss how management skills, values of professionalism, and work

appreciation are being applied in the industrial engineering practice;

iv. Enumerate technical skills being applied in the industrial engineering

practice;

v. Relate the technical skills being applied to the theories learned from

the subjects/course being taken in the BSIE program; and

vi. Make a career plan from the learning obtained from the seminar for

future industrial engineering practice.

1.3 The On-the-Job Training Webinars

1.3.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment

This On-the-Job training webinar entitled “Work

Ethics and Sexual Harassment" was presented on

July 20, 2021 by Mr. Leo Roswald M. Tugonon. He is

the present chairman of Bachelor of Science in

Business Administration at PIT.

Figure 1-1. Mr. Leo Roswald M. Tugonon

1.3.2 Session 2: On-The-Job Training Orientation

This On-the-Job training webinar entitled “The On-the-

Job Orientation" was presented on July 20, 2021 by the OJT

coordinator Engr. Julius Codilla. He finished his bachelor's

degree, Bachelors of Science in Mechanical Engineering,

2016 at Palompon Institute of Technology; where he currently

working as an instructor started on October 15,

Figure 1-2. Engr. Julius Codilla
2018. He became a Project Engineer/Field

Supervisor at R.A. Villarmino enterprises and Construction EDC Contractor on June 20,

2017 to September 12, 2018 and PERT Inc. EDC Contractor on February 21, 2021 to

June 2018.

1.3.3 Session 3: Bullet Tank and Piping System

This webinar session entitled, Installation of

Bullet Tank and Piping System was presented on July

20, 2021 by Engr. Jetmars D. Marquez, a Registered

Figure 1-3. Engr. Jetmars D. Marquez

Mechanical Engineer. He finished his bachelor’s degree at Palompon Institute of

Technology batch 2019. He first started working as Maintenance Engineer at

Timex Philippines from November 2019- March 2020. He then was hired at EC

Calderon as a Project Engineer from June 2020- September 2020. He is

currently an Instructor at Palompon Institute of Technology.

1.3.4 Session 4: Fundamentals of Maintenance

Plan

This webinar session entitled a Fundamentals

of Maintenance Plan was presented on July 21, 2021

by Engr. Wilver B. Dela Peña, a Registered Electrical

Engineer and A Registered Master Electrician. He finished his bachelor’s degree

at Palompon Institute of Technology. He first worked as a Laboratory Technician

Figure 1-4. Engr. Wilver B. Dela Peña
at the same school from August, 2018-May, 2019.

He was then hired as Overall Maintenance Engineer at Wall Vision Corporation

TEC Industries, Soong, Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu from January to July

2020.

1.3.5 Session 5: Electrical Design Calculations of

Residential & Commercial Building “Based on

latest PEC of 2009”

This on-the-job training webinar entitled

Electrical Design and Calculations of Residential

Building was presented on July 22, 2021 by Engr. Ronald B. Lacaba, a

Figure 1-5. Engr. Engr. Ronald B.

Lacaba,
Registered Electrical Engineer and Master Electrician. He is currently the

Chairman of Electrical Engineering Department. Figure 1-6 shows the

background and experience part of Engr. Lacaba’s webinar session.

1.3.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial

Engineer
This on-the-job training webinar entitled

“Opportunities for Industrial Engineer” was presented

by Engr. Alfred S. Almoroto on July 22, 2021. Engr.

Almoroto finished his bachelor’s degree at Palompon

Institute of Technology last 2016. Takes his high school education at Lomonon

National High School and elementary years at Figure 1-6. Engr. Alfred S. Almoroto

Balagtas Elementary School. After he graduated, he looks for a job and later

started as an in-line Process Engineer at Mactan Apparels Inc. MEPZA 1 Lapu-

Lapu City Cebu and later on promoted as Production Supervisor. He also works

as Part Time Municipal Engineer at Palompon LGU after his resignation as

Production Supervisor. He came back to Cebu to look again for a job and hired

as Production Supervisor at Treasure Island Industrial Corp. at Mandaue City.

And lately promoted again as Warehouse and Production Supervisor and

assigned at Kawit Cavite.

1.3.7 Session 7: Maintenance Management Building, Equipment and
Facility

This on-the-job training webinar entitled

“Maintenance Management Building, Equipment

and Facility” was presented on July 22, 2021, by

Engr. Danilo Siervo Jr, a Registered Electrical

Engineer. He was a Part-time instructor at

Figure 1-7. Engr. Alfred S. Almoroto
Palompon Institute of Technology until 2015,

Then he was also a Building Engineer/ Technical Assistant at N.A Systems

Incorporated for more than 3 years, , He graduated with his Bachelors’ Degree

from Eastern Visayas State University last 2011, He is currently working as an

Building Engineer on Primary Properties Corporation.

1.3.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic

Work: An Introspect from a ME
Postgraduate
This on-the-job training webinar entitled

Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect

form a ME postgraduate was presented on July

24, 2021 by Engr. Michael Ray S. Wenceslao,

a Registered Mechanical Engineer. He was a

Cadet Engineer in the Leyte Geothermal Business Unit of Energy Development

Corporation (EDC) for 10 months and Figure 1-8. Engr. Michael Ray S. Wenceslao
Wenceslao
became a Reliability Engineer in the same company for two years and three

months while taking a job as a part-time instructor in the Eastern Visayas State
University – Ormoc Campus (EVSU-Ormoc). He graduated his Bachelor’s

Degree on March 2014 and took up Masters in Mechanical Engineering while

reviewing for the board exams in which he ranked 4th place during the March

2015 Mechanical Engineering Board Examinations. He is currently taking Doctor

of Philosophy (PhD) at the University of Auckland, New Zealand with the

scholarship grant from the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade –

PhD studies while working as a part-time Graduate Teaching Assistant.

1.3.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management

This on-the-job training webinar entitled Basic

Refrigeration Project Management was presented on

July 25, 2021 by Engr. Ryan M. Lubiano, a

Registered Mechanical Engineer. He was a Building

Shift Engineer at the EPCC Highrise Commercial

Figure 1-9. Engr. Ryan M. Lubiano
Building in Makati City for 20 months. He has been

working under GEA Process Engineering Philippines, Incorporated for four years

as Project Administration, Project Engineer, and Sales Support. He is currently

working as the Project Manager in the Refrigeration Technologies Division of

GEA Pilipinas, Incorporated. He graduated his Bachelor’s Degree in the

Palompon Institute of Technology last 2014.

1.3.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing

This on-the-job training webinar entitled

Source Emission Testing was presented on July

26, 2021 by Engr. Rheynard M. Pajaron, a

Registered Mechanical Engineer. He is currently

working as the Source Emission Testing Team

Leader in the Ostrea Mineral Laboratories, Figure 1-10. Engr. Rheynard M. Pajaron
Pajaron
Incorporated, which is a Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR) Recognized Environmental Laboratory, for five years. He graduated his

Bachelor’s Degree at the Palompon Institute of Technology.

1.3.11 Session 11: The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training

The OJT webinar entitled The Importance

of Acquiring Skills and Training was presented on

July 27, 2021 by Engr. Kenneth C. Requitillo, a

Registered Mechanical Engineer currently working

as a Project Engineer in the Philippine Associated

Smelting and Refining Corporation (PASAR) for

approximately three (3) years in which he Figure 1-11. Engr. Kenneth C. Requitillo

focuses on planning, conceptualizing, facilitating the documents for the approval

of their higher-ups. He started as a contractual Field Engineer and promoted as a

Safety Engineer in the same company.

1.3.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path
This on-the-job training webinar entitled

Industrial Engineering Career Path was presented

on July 29, 2021 by Engr. Rey Ann Bande, a

industrial Engineer. She finished her graduate

studies with Masteral Degree of Master of Science

in Management Engineering at the University of Figure 1-12. Engr. Rey Ann Bande

the Visayas, Cebu City on 2021. And also, she taken a Doctoral degree, Doctor

of Management at Palompon Institute of Technology in the year of 2019. She

currently working in Palompon Institute of Technology as part time faculty at

Department of Industrial Engineering.

1.3.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute Failure

Modes and Countermeasures Analysis
This on-the-job training webinar entitled,

Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategy/Execute

Failure Mode and Counter Measure Analysis was

presented on July 30, 2021 by Engr. Jimboy Y.

Fresnido, a Registered Mechanical Engineer. He

finished his bachelor’s degree at Palompon

Figure 1-13. Engr. Jimboy Y. Fresnido
Institute of Technology batch 2014. He is a

former Structural Fitter at PASAR Corp. from March 2012-June 2012, a

Maintenance Supervisor at Asiawide Refreshment Corporation/ Zesto Corp. from

January 2015- June 2015, a Cadet Maintenance Engineer at Columbia

9
International Food Production Inc. from July 2015- January 2016., a Production

Engineer at Rebisco Biscuit Corporation from November. 2016 –November.

2017, became a Field Engineer at Esguerra Mappala and Associates

Incorporated from March 2018-August 2018 and is currently a Field Engineer at

PASAR Corp.
 CHAPTER II – FIELD OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

10
2.1 Session 1: Works Ethics and Sexual Harassment

Industrial Engineering has a broad field of working capability and it

depends on what kind of specialization. In order to do this, all engineers were

equipped of being an ethical kind of person. Because the discipline is the key to

become a responsible worker, without this principle; there are so many things

affected with it. However, Industrial Engineers are made its successful for they

are proactive individuals.

The speaker defined what is ethics and according to him, “it is a collection

of values and behaviors which people feel are moral". In other words, “ethics" is

the name that gives values or good behaviors. He also cited the importance of

being an ethical worker: (1) Attendance, attending on time is more appropriate

than late in just 1 minute. (2) Character, indeed; be honest all the time in order to

gain trust to others, the reliability, and self-confidence are essential. (3)

Appearance, to become a practical personal hygiene in the field. (4) Attitude, to

become responsible person and have a disciple attitude. (5) Productivity, always

follow the regulations and maintaining the quality of work to produce good quality

of product. (6) Organizational Skills, to become flexible in time, skills, knowledge,

and changes. (7) Communication, to communicate with accuracy and appropriate

manners. (8) Cooperation, work as one of them is better than to work with self

only, and convey willingness to assist others. (9) Respect, which is very
important to all especially when dealing the clients or customers with good

treatments.

The speaker also tackled about the sexual harassment, and in the fields of

work there are cases like this. It would impair the worker's rights and privileges

under existing labor laws. He illustrated some examples: Physical and Verbal. In

these sessions, the students were already knowledgeable about the avoidable

acts in work place and any fields. The following figure below (Figure-2.1) shows

the act that against the law and dignity of an employee.

Figure 2-1: Illustrated Picture of Sexual Harassment

2.2 Session 2: On-The-Job Training Orientation

This On-The-Job training webinar was oriented by the OJT coordinator

and discussed about the rules and regulations where every student was

assigned and complied with the following conditions: After enrolling the course,

the OJT coordinator set a meeting to the resource speakers for the

announcements, orientation and other related matters. The trainee (student) is

required to attend the orientation with his/her co-trainees.

 During the orientation, the adviser or speaker gave all the instructions and

would taught the trainees what to do, what is the purpose and what needed in

this training. The speaker asked for some papers and personal documents to be

compiled for the trainee to give to his targeted office. The trainee or students

should prepare and submitted pertinent documents to his adviser which is

required for the training.

2.3 Session 3: Installation Bullet Tank and Piping System

Industrial Engineer could also be involved in such activities as: long-range

planning, new facility design, robotics development, installation of manufacturing

systems, improvement of work flow, design of a management information

system, statistical analysis, optimization studies, economic decision-making, and

etc. They can design oil wells, storage tanks, and transportation systems.

Also, they can supervise the construction and operation of oil, gas, and other

related installation piping system fields.

The speaker also discussed the different pipes, testing or inspection, and

other safety measures which are really resilient to the bullet tanks and the tank

appurtenances (e.g., spiral stairway, ladders, drain sumps, level gauges, and

etc ). He also clarified some of the testing and inspections as a maintenance

engineer in the storage area: Pipes Comprehensive Inspection (High

temperature and Underground, Pressure Testing, Pneumatic Testing, and

Repairs and Alterations.

 In this session, students learned to overview the potential risks and factors

when they actually in the real world of industry, especially in the factories and

manufacturing industries. The speaker concluded that every mistake in

inspection and testing are equivalent of a big loss for a company. To prevent this,

it should always look for the best way and prevent it from possible net loss

because as an industrial engineer, they will well-equipped/trained in designing

the piping system, optimizing the process, and improving the whole process plan

for effective installation and piping system.

Figure 2-2. Bullet Tanks Range From 6,000 to 30,000 Gallons

2.4 Session 4: Fundamentals of Maintenance Plan

Though being in the field of industrial engineering, industrial engineers are

capable of having correlated of other engineering discipline. Not just only in one

and specific field of practices that an IE has, but also in other fields. A person

practicing maintenance engineering is known as a maintenance engineer. And

any engineering discipline can be a maintenance engineer, as they're going to be

trained and reviewed the work orders given.

The speaker directly pointed out that whenever and whatever kind of fields

the students they have, everyone can be a maintenance engineer. And IE is also

suitable where they teach in optimization of equipment, procedures, and

departmental budgets to achieve better maintainability, reliability, and availability

of equipment. Because IE is to ensure a unit is fit for purpose, with maximum

availability at minimum costs.

The students should learn about the maintaining the whole system as this

is the core of being a maintenance engineer. They need to treat the system as

their child, ensuring the enough cares, feeding, and guidance in order to get the

target quality levels. A strong preventive maintenance plan is the key to keeping

the system working well. Therefore, they are not just only part of the solution, but

also part of the problem.

2.5 Session 5: Electrical System Design: Residential

Electronic systems design is the subject applied for electrical engineering

fields. Electrical Engineering specialized with electronics, calculations, and etc,

while Industrial Engineering focuses on the optimization of systems and/or

processes. Electrical engineers and industrial engineers are both involved with

manufacturing, but they perform different functions.

There is big gap of learnings between IE and EE fields, when the speaker

discussed about the electrical design and residential or commercial buildings. He

defined some of electrical engineering law, classification of buildings, electrical

design, and etc. that is intended only for EE. Electrical engineering is the broader

field when it comes electronics and other designs and calculations. Bellow’s

figure 2-3 showed by the speaker the electrical lighting and wiring layout at

home.

Figure 2-3: Lightning, CO, ACU & Service Equipment Layout

However, IE's fields are far beyond the EE's specialization; thus, IE

students must learn related topics of an EE and it comprises with new curriculum

today. The different engineering discipline and fields are interconnected in the

real world as it is the part of development within the industry.

2.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer

Industrial engineers work in every sector, which IEs are in highly demand

nowadays. Manufacturing, technology, hardware, retail, healthcare – there is a

high possibility of industrial engineering jobs. Every company today wants to

make better business decisions with their increasing and complexity of data. IE

is a relatively less technical field than other engineering majors. This mean that

industrial engineering is more focused on processes and finding ways to improve

processes.

According to the speaker, “Industrial Engineering involves optimizing

various components of industry such as business operations, systems and

processes". He also added that industrial engineering contributes a lot to

particular company, because the job for an IE is to increase efficiency, improving

product quality and reducing production costs. In general, an industrial

engineering person works to find ways in making innovation, finding the most

efficient flow and well-processed systems.

In this session, IE students realizing one thing that industrial engineers

can be applied in mostly different sectors nationwide of various job position.

Employment rate for an IE is higher than expected, most companies are eager to

have them. Therefore, an industrial engineering degree comes with countless

career opportunities.

2.7 Session 7: Maintenance Management Building, Equipment and Facility

Even though Industrial Engineering fields focusses to management, it's

not difficult to adopt and practice other engineering fields. Especially in the

maintenance management of building, equipment, and facility that suitable with

their specialization. When there is a maintenance activity, there are always

preventive measures connecting. Commercial buildings can be work ground for

engineering that can grow their own skills and expertise.

Preventive maintenance is highly demand of almost type of Industry.

These include maintenance technicians, maintenance supervisors, chief

engineers, and other facility management that really suitable for an Industrial

Engineer. As the speaker's defined routine checking, adjustments and

replacement of certain parts of an equipment; this should be implemented to

have a long-term usage.

In order to understand other engineering fields and practices, students

may encounter related subjects. Hence, complexity is varied upon the course's

objective and/or targeted topics to discuss. Learning of this maintenance activity

shall be corresponding to be a well-trained, fully equipped, and highly possibility

of being qualified in most Industry world-wide. It covers so much opportunity, that

definitely getting a better job.

2.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME

postgraduate

In this session, discussing industrial and academic perspectives based on

the speaker's experience in the real world of Industry. Industrial engineering field

determine the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production—

people, machines, materials, information, and energy—to make a product or

provide a service. To graduate as an Industrial Engineer doesn't mean that

directly working as an industrial engineer in particular company. Take note that

there are so many jobs position as an engineer.

The speaker tells about the other engineer position aside from the

engineering discipline that they've been graduated. The speaker becomes a

Cadet and Reliability Engineer, that involved maintenance scheduler,

investigating, developing, and so on. As he provides written report, root cause

analysis, and among those valuable plans. The figure below showed the

developed project implemented by the speaker as he found out the issue about

the flow of steam.

Figure 2-4: Developing Continuous Improvement Project

2.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management

Refrigeration is a relevant topic to discuss which is related to

Thermodynamics. As it is also involved complex calculations, process

management, and the system itself. Moreover, as an Industrial Engineer, they

may also involve long-range planning, new facility design, robotics development,

installation of manufacturing systems, design of a management information

system, statistical analysis, optimization studies, and economic decision-making

that helps in the refrigeration industry.

The speaker defined what is refrigeration, it is the removal of unwanted

heat from a selected object, substance, or space and its transfer to another

object, substance, or space. There are four major refrigeration system

components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. This

shown below in figure 2-5: Basic Refrigeration Cycle.

Figure 2-5: Basic Refrigeration System

2.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing

Industries have always been a major consumer of energy and a major source of

greenhouse gas emissions, causing environmental problems. Concerns about the

impact of industries on the environment have led industries to change or adapt their

methodologies to be more efficient and environmentally responsible. Traditionally, when

one talks of production cost, it refers to the cost of materials, labor and overhead, with

energy and environmental costs. Therefore, for the industrial engineer, any changes that
impact industrial operations have to be studied and devised so as to minimize the

problems that it would cause to industries. Such changes may also have to be

researched to find a way to implement them to the industries’ benefit.

Collection of data analysis, sampling, and testing that defined by the speaker are

included of the fields in industrial engineering. Because the job for an IE is to work at

improving efficiencies by eliminating wasteful activities that cost businesses time and

money. Environmental engineers work to improve the environment. They work to reduce

or eliminate causes of air, water and land pollution.

The industrial engineer should also have a duty to create a system that helps following

various standards and regulations from state and trade partners be achieved efficiently,

that is, using the least time and cost, while still fulfilling the standards and regulations.

2.11 Session 11: The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training

In every Industries, competition is always there and one thing the assets

of a particular industry is the workers, and the talents, skills and expertise they

have. Why is it important in every field of engineering? In order to achieve the

ideal target of a particular industry, every company should choose the workers

with fully well-trained and educated. However, On-The-Job training is very

essential for graduating student, but because of Pandemic COVID-19 there are

many factors to be considered and one of the solutions is to have a webinar's

session. It is considered to be a training, but not in literal way; but through

learnings.
 The speaker cited the importance of having an OJT in curriculum and its

inheritance. Because OJT according to the resource speaker, it improves the

academic program and form the view of personal and social usefulness. Indeed,

through this it will provide the future employment connection that can improve

knowledge, skills, and attitude of every student. If those certain characteristics

are prevailed, the skills that needed are essential to easily adopt and

communicate into workplace in related fields.

Industrial Engineers are one of the kind engineers that currently needed

and highly demand in big Industries. Skills and expertise in management,

optimizing the process, and etc. are big factors and difference than the other

engineering. Somehow, it depends on specialization which is the limited skills; for

example, in the field of an IE is more on clerical jobs. Therefore, soft skills and

hard skills are settled when in terms of what fields of engineering do, they have.

Which is a big impact in goal setting because of those acquired and trained skills.

Below is an example of a bullet tank, it is a storage container that houses natural

gas liquids (NGLs). The tanks come in many different sizes and include

accessories that best suit your operation.

3.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path

Industrial engineering is the only engineering discipline with close links to

management. It is an engineering profession that is concerned with the

optimization of complex processes, systems, developing, improving and

implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information and

equipment. Usually, Industrial engineering field is central to manufacturing

operations but nowadays it has wide range of demands with universal industry.

The speaker mentioned about the different career path for every

engineering discipline. Then the speaker added the employment of an Industrial

Engineers. It can be employed in almost any type of industry, business,

institution, manufacturing, and other industries. Using the lean concept, human

factors, optimization, and statistical control; it can improve production,

scheduling, facility layout, safety, and the quality of any industry's products.

The field of industrial engineering has long been recognized as a prime

source of management talent. Today’s competitive world needs managers and

decision-makers who can apply mathematical concepts and scientific

management techniques to the technical problems that arise. An industrial

engineer not only understands these problems, but is able to devise and

implement methods to solve them.

2.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute Failure

Modes and Countermeasures Analysis

In the broad field of Industrial Engineering, it can carry out the other

engineering fields through training, examined, reviewing and etc. Shortly

speaking, Industrial Engineers can be suited for various engineering works.

Industrial Maintenance or plant maintenance, is the process of implementing

processes to reduce breakdowns, increase uptime, and promote overall

reliability. In other words, maintenance is the general process of ensuring that

assets are kept in good working condition; and that is applicable of Industrial

Engineering fields.

The speaker mentioned about the maintenance strategies, that included

reactive, preventive, conditional, predictive, total productive, and reliability

centered maintenance. These all-maintenance strategies are very essential for

the resiliency, and the entire maintenance are just consisted with reliability

maintenance. This will show on the figure below.

Figure 2-6: Reliability Domains

Maintenance personnel are typically responsible for making sure

the equipment is functioning properly and efficiently at all times. By

keeping equipment properly running, the personnel in-charge improve the

safe work environment for all workers. To do that, engineers always find

ways to make it better than the best as this is the company's goal.
 CHAPTER III
33
APPLICATION ON THE FIELD: MANAGEMENT SKILLS, VALUES OF
PROFESSIONALISM, AND WORK APPRECIATED APPLIED

3.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment

Industrial Engineering play a vital role in most type of industry worldwide.

They practice the profession they are currently working at but also the leadership

and management skills to match their working environment. As an Industrial

Engineer they should know how to manage with passion applied. Values and

working heartedly is the best options in order to see the output of being a leader.

The speaker mentioned about the kind of personality that needs in the

work place. The characteristics is most important thing to be maintained, so that

the work ethics are currently applied. And the speaker also discussed about

being a professional as no sexually harassment involved during work hours.

However, ethics and values are very important thing that really implement of

each student someday as they work in the future.

3.2 Session 2: OJT Orientation

Orientation is very important because it lays a foundation for the new

employee’s entire career with the department. First impressions are important

since they establish the basis for everything that follows. On-the-Job Training

(OJT) is a part of the academic program where students can put into practice

what they have learned and an opportunity for them to get the needed

experience which can help them to become an expert in their chosen field of

specialization.

The OJT Coordinator of the Engineering Department discussed the

importance of the training by motivating the students to analyze their practical

skills. During the orientation, the rules and regulations of the OJT were clearly

explained to the students. He also discussed the values of team work, proper

work behavior, and importance of task management.

3.3 Session 3: Installation of Bullet Tank and Piping System

As one aiming to be an industrial engineer, indeed exposure is needed to

acquire the skill to be able to function effectively in work place. To have

management skill and being a professional engineer, they must know how to

identify problems before it can cause some damage the equipment, machines,

and facilities. Inspection is the best way, and safety work practice to target the

standards of the company.

 The speaker mentioned about the safe work practices which must be met

through preparing for internal inspections. It is the standard that mandates all

inspection work be conducted in a manner that assures the safety and health of

inspection personnel and prevents workplace property damage.

3.4 Session 4: Fundamentals Maintenance Plan

Effective maintenance planning is essential to the overall maintenance

environment. The maintenance plan's contents, which include the actual work,

instructions, schedule, workers, spare parts, and contractors, guide all the

maintenance work activities. It is important to have knowledge in terms of

applying the professionalism throughout the management skills.

The speaker discussed about the importance of having a knowledge in

maintenance planning, because it might be helpful for the student engineering to

realize how relevant and applicable for them to pursue this kind of work positive

as a maintenance engineer. In order for them to seek, explore, and discover the

real passion of every individual.

3.5 Session 5: Electrical System Design: Residential

The electrical system design solves challenges which are related to

design and development to ensure that they are economical, safe and reliable.

Engineers use this design for the efficient production, transportation and

distribution of the electricity. Proper installation and maintenance is very

important in both commercial and residential facilities.

 The speaker mentioned about how important to look at electrical system

design when all students undergoing webinar are engineering product. Electrical

engineers use different electrical system design for different projects. The design

depends on the electrical loads, size of the project and the proximity of the

closest substation project.

Students should learned in constructing a building or substation there are

different design challenges that can get in their way which need to be

continuously monitored. An electrical engineer should be up to date and aware.

Safety is the most important thing to an electrical engineer because they are in

charge of the design

3.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer

Engineering skills and knowledge are foundational to technological

innovation and development that drive long-term economic growth and help solve

societal challenges. On a daily basis, Industrial Engineers review production

schedules, engineering specifications, orders, and related information to obtain

knowledge of manufacturing methods, procedures, and activities.

The speaker identifies what are industrial engineers should also possess,

and these are the following specific qualities: Creativity, Critical-thinking skills,

listening skills, Math skills, Problem-solving skills, speaking skills, and Writing

skills. However, industrial engineers find ways to eliminate wastefulness in

production processes. They devise efficient systems that integrate workers,

machines, materials, information, and energy to make a product or provide a

service.

3.7 Session 7: Maintenance Management Building, Equipment and Facility

Facilities maintenance management encompasses a range of processes

required to ensure that the building systems perform as originally designed and

constructed. There may have part of an IE in terms of Maintenance management

skills for a particular building or facility. Maintenance entails much more than just

fixing broken equipment. In fact, a well-designed facility management system

generally encompasses four categories of maintenance:

• Emergency (or response) maintenance

• Routine maintenance

• Preventive maintenance

• Predictive maintenance

The speaker reminded the students of being responsible for making sure a

building is clean, safe, and useful for its intended purposes. Because

maintenance management is a professional management discipline focused on

the efficient and effective building system.

3.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME

Postgraduate
 The skills help the engineers to relate with their fellow co-workers and

know how to deal well with their subordinates, which allows for the easy flow of

activities in the organization. Good management skills are vital for any

organization to succeed and achieve its goals and objectives. Industrial

engineers use their knowledge and skills to improve systematic processes

through the use of statistical analysis.

The speaker mentioned about the most top engineering students who are

complemented with a higher qualification in engineering management. He

explained what are those advantages and disadvantages of being in academic

and industrial work. Academic is less stressful while industrial works are more

challenging but could mold everyone to become better.

The speaker wants the students to balance their career path and

educational life, then he added some tips. The students need to learn to manage

their time and efforts in order to sustain a lot of achievements and goals. So that

in the future they are already well-trained and well-equipped with their own

capabilities and expertise.

3.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management

Project engineers are professionals who oversee the design, planning,

and installation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in a particular

company. As an Industrial Engineer, they involved in all aspects of designing,

planning, coordinating, staffing, and executing installation projects. They can

work with a wide variety of other professional jobs.

 As the speaker mentioned, having a bachelor’s degree in industrial

engineering or related field can help in this position but significant experience

with installations is more important for this career. Project engineer must be able

to multitask and stay positive while troubleshooting in stressful situations. Project

Managers lead a team of people during installations and should be personable,

open-minded and energetic. Figure 3-1 shows how refrigeration system being

cycled.

Figure 3-1. A Refrigeration Cycle System

Refrigeration systems operate on a series of consecutive thermodynamic

processes that form a cycle that returns the working substance to the same state.

The ideal refrigeration system is based on the concept of the reversible Carnot

cycle.

3.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing

Besides the additional burden of environment responsibility, industries

also face energy problems: being a major source of emitted greenhouse gases

and the increase in energy prices, both of which have resulted in an increase to
production costs. Furthermore, It is the industrial engineer’s duty to study and to

direct towards solutions to various problems that may result from using those

resources, because in the end, the sustainability of industry is dependent on the

industrial engineer’s ability to adapt to various states of industry.

The following reasons are mentioned by the speaker why source emission

tests should be applied:

• In response to the Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749);

• To regulate, if not, eliminate the release of air pollutants;

• To determine compliance with emission standards;

• To determine the efficiency of the Air Pollution Control Device (APCD);

• To determine emission factors for use in emission inventories;

• To determine the quantity and type of pollutants emitted from a specific source;

and

• For a cleaner air to breathe.

Industrial Engineer should also be knowledgeable of the cause and effect

which is very vital for a company. Health safety protocols are being strictly

imposed in order to keep the compliance with the emission standards. Through

this, the awareness will be set already and implement it as it is necessary for the

workers.

3.11 Session 11: Importance of Acquiring Skills Training

 Industrial Engineers should acquire the profession they wanted in the

future, as they have the learning of hard and soft skills that is essential to

engineers. As defined by the speaker, hard skills are the technical abilities that fit

for the job like ACAD drafting, structural analysis, and computer skills.

Meanwhile, soft skills are not inherent to any job since some of them are

unlearnable like communication and management skills, motivating, and leading

people.

The speaker clarified the other paths that other engineers can go with, as

they indulge the skills and expertise that they've gained through the years of

studying, training, and learnings. These factors can really motivate to be

successful one. This is very essential to acquire enough knowledge and skills to

step forward from the stepping stone. Industrial engineering students will always

be looking for the best way to handle and manage the potential risk factors in

order to maintain its credibility and enhance their own skills and expertise.

3.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path

The big companies across multiple industries seek skilled industrial

engineers for their ability to improve the efficiency and quality of production

processes. The projects that industrial engineering positions acquired the

management skills and passionate in terms of solving problems, eliminate

wastefulness, optimizing, and etc. Industrial Engineers can advance to positions

such as: Quality Engineer or Facilities Planner. Since Industrial Engineering is

closely linked to management duties like improving efficiency and evaluating

processes, many Industrial Engineers advance into management roles.

 As the speaker is also an Industrial Engineer, she added some tips and

motivational words that can inspired even not an IE field student. The resource

speaker reminding the students that whatever professional they are, it always

depends on how they managed it. Means growing from one place to another,

because an IE doesn't end to a particular area or goal, they should keep on track

as what goal they wanted to achieve.

3.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute Failure

Modes and Countermeasures Analysis

Working with profession of maintenance engineer has an ultimate goal of

being “Acquiring Enough Skills and Knowledge is the Best Weapon to Work", this

means that whatever engineering discipline you have been, it doesn't mean that

one particular job positions you're going to apply. As an example, the speaker is

an IE graduate where he had so much opportunity in the PASAR private

corporation, he acquired trainings and management skills to become a

maintenance engineer. So, the following are their safety guidelines and goals:

• Safety – Maintenance and Safety Department focuses on the safety of the

workers and/or subordinates, community, and environment;

• Sustainability – Progressive improvement is the foundation of PASARs

development;

• Passion – Working with a heart, exceed expectations, and enjoying the job as

their own life and home.

• Quality – The main focused that brings the pride of PASAR corporation;

• Integrity – Remaining respect, collaborating feedbacks, and gaining

achievements; and

• Collaboration – Planning as a team and working as a family for the company's

name.

These safety guidelines can improve the safety measures of one

corporate industry, as it is very resilient to them. However, implementing these

are very useful and effective in terms of targeting the safest zone, not a particular

area but all scope of the operations.

 CHAPTER IV - TECHNICAL SKILLS APPLIED AND ITS RELATION TO THE

THEORIES LEARNED IN THE BSIE SUBJECTS

66

4.1 Session 1: Work Ethics and Sexual Harassment

As an engineer, work ethics are very essential, it includes soft skills and

communication skills. If one person's nice and the people who work with and they

like what work brings him/she, because they feel that they can trust that person

and always be productive when he collaborates with them, keeping the job and

be presented with attractive new opportunities. In this section, looking for closer

at behaviors that have a big impact to one's personality.

In this session, the speaker enumerated some relevant aspects of gaining ideas

to learn:
• Explain the importance of ethics as part of the persuasion process;

• Define and provide examples of sexual harassment in the workplace, as well as

strategies for how to eliminate it; and

• Identify and provide examples of eight common fallacies in persuasive

speaking.

It aims to improve and aware the social, communication, and soft skills for

the students who are working in the future. Through this, some effective ways are

being applied in order to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace. However,

it should apply the ethical behavior in the workplace tackled in this session.

4.2 Session 2: OJT Orientation

According to the speaker, on-the-job training is beneficial for the students

or trainees because it allows them to learn a new skill or qualification within their

field of work in a timely matter. During on-the-job training, they might engage in

the real production process instead of the simulated learning process. Online

training webinar has big difference with the actual training ground. Despite of all

limitations, online training programs are used to ensure that the new employee

has the basic knowledge required to perform the job satisfactorily. Orientation

and training programs are important components in the processes of developing

a committed and flexible high‐potential workforce and socializing new

employees.

4.3 Session 3: Installation of Bullet Tank and Piping System

Inspecting the storage tanks is essential for so much factors. Having

suitable skills for inspecting is necessary for a maintenance engineer. Likewise,

the speaker's job, he is assigned as a project engineer but it involves so much

maintenance workforce. Identifying problems such as: Leaking, Rusty Machines,

and among other potential problem that can lead to stagnant of production.

Figure 4-1. Roof Drain Hose Inspection

In most piping system, it should have regular testing and inspection to

conduct. For above's figure, all swivel joints shall be thickness surveyed and

service during every outage and individually hydro tested. Therefore, roof drain

shall be hydro tested at a pressure of 3-5 kg/cm2. The skills of inspection can

relate IE’s work environment, because they are the one who manage the

technical problems and solve it with the use of resources available.

4.4 Session 4: Fundamentals Maintenance Plan

As an engineer, it takes so much time to be expert on how to be proactive

in maintenance planning. A strong maintenance plan is the key to keeping the

equipment in safe and operable condition. The speaker cited this guide of

preventive maintenance as one-stop shop for understanding and implementing a

successful program. Preventive maintenance takes a proactive approach

towards maintenance and involves four key action items: inspection, detection,

correction and prevention.

A maintenance engineer will spend their workday being faced with

problem after problem. They are responsible not just for identifying the issue, but

for diagnosing its cause, developing a solution, and implementing that solution,

often within an extremely short timeframe. A maintenance engineer will spend a

lot of time closely examining complicated systems. They must be able to

understand the inner workings of an electrical circuit and identify each tiny part

which makes an HVAC system run properly.

4.5 Session 5: Electrical System Design: Residential

“Strengthening energy security and resiliency", that is efficiency thinking of

an electrical engineer as they work on electrical wirings and systems in most

residential buildings. These are examples of the technical skills required for

electricians include: Installing and maintaining electrical systems, equipment and

devices. Using and maintaining hand and power tools, such as screwdrivers,

pliers and drills. Electrical design refers to the whole process and includes all the
steps which are involved in the development of any electrical equipment. In

electrical design, planning and managing the process of designing and

development, creating the equipment, and testing it to evaluate the equipment's

performance are all integral steps.

The speaker mentioned on how important to acquire responsible electrical

technician to work on with their wirings at home. The hired electrical engineer is

knowledgeable and responsible for requirements gathering, designing electrical

systems, load calculations, equipment selection, project management and

coordination. Studied existing electrical systems drawings and developed a

reconstruction scheme to replace out of date electrical equipment and related

conduits. Through this, the applicable safety guidelines were implemented by the

legal processes.

4.6 Session 6: Opportunities for Industrial Engineer

Industrial engineers use their knowledge and skills to improve systematic

processes through the use of statistical analysis, interpersonal communication,

design, planning, quality control, operations management, computer simulation,

and problem solving. However, there are lots of job opportunities for an IE in

most type of Industry world-wide. Because their technical knowledge and skills
can be applied across multiple industries, industrial engineers can find entry-level

jobs and switch occupations with relative ease.

As the speaker is also an Industrial engineer, he explained about some

ideas. IE is problem-solvers who use their critical thinking skills and knowledge of

manufacturing technology to strengthen organizational efficiency. Since their job

usually requires them to oversee a company's entire production apparatus,

industrial engineers must have a broad systems perspective and an in-depth

understanding of individual steps within the project lifecycle.

In addition, after getting the first job, advancing industrial engineering

career requires strengthening their own skills by working with colleagues and

learning from supervisors. However, there are other actions a professional can

take to boost their prospects and demonstrate value to their employer.

4.7 Session 7: Maintenance Management Building, Equipment and Facility

As a maintenance manager or facility management professional, he/she

possess technical skills to perform and oversee the job. However, Industrial

Engineer were suitable for management position, they need additional soft skills

and people skills to manage their team effectively in crucial role. These skills help

them to motivate their own team to enable their staff to be efficient and
productive. They also help maintenance in-charge, mastering these skills cuts

daily stress and allows them to achieve more in their career.

Here Are the 5 Skills Every Industrial Engineers Possessed the Skills of

an Maintenance Engineer:

1.) Leadership - Maintenance managers need to exhibit leadership capability.

Some of these qualities include optimism, self-motivation, compassion,

organizational skills, and trustworthiness;

2.) Good Interpersonal Skills - People with good interpersonal skills know how to

deal with grace under pressure, remain calm during unanticipated problems and

are respected in the workplace;

3.) Time Management - A good time management professional knows how much

time to spend on each task and how to prioritize projects duties in order to make

deadlines;

4.) Technical Expertise - It’s no secret technical managers need to master their

areas of technical expertise in their specializations. They need the appropriate

educational training so they can identify, address and resolve technical issues

and problems; and

5.) Problem Solving Skills - Another key skill any facility or maintenance manager

should possess is keen problem-solving abilities.

 Follow these skills and they bound to create an efficient work environment.

Working on these five management skills will enable you to become a better

maintenance or facility manager and build and a successful career.

4.8 Session 8: Industrial and Academic Work: An Introspect from a ME

Postgraduate

For many, the idea of going to college while working a part time job can be

daunting. Indeed, as this was also the speaker's experience before when haven't

a scholarship from the top Auckland's university, New Zealand. Studying while

working gives each other's confidence they need as they have financial control

as a student. At the same time, the professional qualifications that they can

acquire over time will give them a good head start in developing their career

paths.

The speaker investigates equipment failure through Root Cause Analysis

which has a number of reasons why the equipment stops that can pause the

energy production of the company. It could be the system wherein electrical

faults or mechanical defects are present that can cause accidents if not looked at

for the other equipment as early as possible. Human error is also a reason and

the person assigned should be aware of the gauges, and the maintenance if it is

conducted or not. Procedural reasons are when wrong instructions and

unfollowed procedures are followed. If there are no policies given, it could be the

fault of the management. Lastly, if there are inadequate or no training with the

equipment used, failure can be occurred with huge damage and cost. The figure

4-2 shown below the occurred causes.

 Figure 4-2. Plant Equipment Failure

4.9 Session 9: Basic Refrigeration Project Management

Engineering students have capabilities and ensuring highly demands in

refrigeration system fields, as they are the assets of company. Students should

learn the essentials; to manage effectively the projects through proper planning.

In the field of an IE, they design and develop a better refrigeration system with

industrious objectives. And contribute to the success of companies through

productive ways.

The speaker mentioned about the refrigeration cycle contains four major

components: the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator.

These are the main function of a cooling machine like refrigerator. These

incredible thermodynamic aspects are really unbelievable when it terms of

engineering concept on how it works through application and methods of

engineering subjects. Refrigeration is the main and most effective way of

preserving fruits and vegetables in storage. The prevention of spoilage was what

prompted refrigeration, but today it's recognized as an important machine to be

used in new generation.

5.10 Session 10: Source Emission Testing

Taking a sample of pollutants from a stack or vent is usually the most

direct, and often the only, way of determining if a source's emissions comply with

regulations or with the limits set in a permit. Emission, or "stack", testing may be

required when a new piece of equipment is installed, or when a new or revised

permit is issued.

According to the speaker, the emission testing, measurement, analysis

and detection services are provided to industry and manufacturing. Emission

sampling and analysis procedures are tailored to meet specific plant, product and

site conditions. Sometimes referred to as smog checks, emissions testing

measures the level of pollutants — including hydrocarbons, oxygen, carbon

monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen — present in vehicle exhaust. The speaker

listed the three source tests categories, namely:

• Isokinetic sampling (generally used for particulate matter) – the extraction

of a gas sample from a gas stream of the same velocity as the gas travels

in the stack or duct;

• Batch sampling (for gases); and

• Continuous automatic sampling and analysis

Besides the additional burden of environment responsibility, industries

also face energy problems: being a major source of emitted greenhouse gases

and the increase in energy prices, both of which have resulted in an increase to

production costs. It is the industrial engineer’s duty to study and to direct towards

solutions to various problems that may result from using those resources,

because in the end, the sustainability of industry is dependent on the industrial

engineer’s ability to adapt to various states of industry.

4.11 Session 11: Importance of Acquiring Skills Training

The speaker cited some relevant skills needed for leadership which are

significant to have a work in the future:

• Communication - Leaders must be able to communicate purpose, direction, and

intent to all

levels of the organization while receiving the same from higher levels.

• Goal Setting – How much, to what quality level and when it is to be

achieved?

• Measurable – What units of measure will be used to determine if the

specific expectations have been met?

• Agreed Upon – Those that must implement actions have accepted

the tasks and have ownership for their achievement.

• Realistic – This is a reasonable expectation.

• Time-bounded (Trackable) – A system to monitor in daily/weekly basis.

• Motivating People - Leaders can have the greatest impact on motivation by

creating a

motivational climate withing the organization.

• Building Teams - Leaders must have a practical understanding of what teams

are, how they

are developed, and what makes them effective.

• Leading Change - Change is the domain of true leaders. Leaders are

champions of

transformation who seeks opportunities for improvement and ways to involve and

inspire people to implement new ways of doing things.

The speaker would like listeners to learn about these skills, because this

can apply for various situations and when they are in actual work place. Students

must realize that working with gaining knowledge is a must. It can help to

develop overall skills and expertise. Whatever learning they have is also an

advantage for them, that is what weapon can be used to be excel in the real

world of industry.

4.12 Session 12: Industrial Engineering Career Path

 Industrial engineers need project-planning skills to manage the use of

machinery and personnel. The most common important skills required by

engineers are Manufacturing Engineering, Product Design, Quality Management;

and IEs are suitable with this all skills needed. Basically, there have so many

skills an Industrial Engineer being achieved, such as:

• Problem-solving • Computer science

• Industry skills • Creativity

• Structural analysis • Pressure management

• Communication • Teamwork

Therefore, engineering students realized especially to IE students that

they can be successful it these skills are inherent to them. Because as an IE,

they study work place and areas carefully, design manufacturing, doing

information systems to meet those requirements with the help of mathematical

methods and models. So, they develop management control systems that can

benefits the company.

4.13 Session 13: Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute Failure

Modes and Countermeasures Analysis

 The speaker mentioned about the Maintenance Activities include repairs

specifically, repair activities which are reactive, breakdown and malfunctions

typically occur when equipment is in use, and standby machines and parts that

can speed repairs. It also includes Preventive Maintenance (PM) indicatively,

regularly scheduled inspections are performed, PM activities are performed

before equipment fails, and PM is usually performed during idle periods. The

following are the Maintenance Strategies introduced by the speaker to

achieve a better workflow:

• Conditional Maintenance

- Maintenance actions conducted as result of a specific condition, or

as a result of specific circumstances or events.

- Involves use of specialized equipment to monitor the condition of

machines (Vibration, Oil Analysis, Thermography, Acoustic

Emission, etc.).

• Total Productive Maintenance

- Workers perform preventive maintenance on the machines they operate.

- Skilled maintenance personnel train the operators and develop one point

lessons.

- Maintenance department moves from a fire-fighting mode to a

prevention mode &re-engineering

• Reactive Maintenance

- Traditionally the exclusive maintenance mode until fairly recently

- Continues to be the predominate method of maintenance

- Many major industrial companies still operate in this mode

- Repair or corrective action is taken after the fault has occurred

• Preventive Maintenance

- A step forward from reacting to breakdowns to preventing breakdowns

- Analogous to an automobile schedule of maintenance.

- Time intervals based on manufacturer recommendations and

machinery history experience.

- Scheduled maintenance activities are based on specific time

intervals

• Reliability Centered Maintenance

- Process used to determine maintenance requirements of any

physical asset in its operating context.

- Plan is based upon reliability criteria with priority given to the most

critical components.

- Determine what types of failures are likely to occur.

- Utilizes previous aspects of reactive and preventive maintenance

concepts, in concert with root cause analysis.

Figure 4-3. Maintenance Strategy Chart

CHAPTER V
CARER PLAN
75
 The author learned various practices from the webinars that an Industrial

Engineer or even a fresh graduate can go. Figure 5 is the one-way flow chart of

my career plan.

Figure 5: Career Plan

With the help of the speakers’ advice and our instructors’ words, I plan to

apply for any possible job that may have relevance to my career as an Industrial

Engineer. I will do my return of service as the DOST scholar for four years of

contract just by being employed on any job that is related to my course here in

the Philippines

As I am working, want to study further for a Master’s Degree to explore

many possibilities and upgrade my knowledge. I will continue my career life

journey with God’s will and guidance everything will turns out to be beautiful.

REFERENCES

76
• Mr. Leo Roswald M. Tugonon, MM., JD, “Work Ethics and Sexual
Harrasment” 20 July 2021
o PowerPoint Presentation: Work Ethics and Sexual Harrasment
• Engr. Julius Codilla, RME. “OJT Orientation” 20 July, 2021
• Engr. Jetmars Marquez, “Bullet Tank and Piping System”, 20 July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) (Engr. Marquez)
o PowerPoint presentation: bullet-tank
• Engr. Wilver B. Dela Peña, “Fundamental of maintenance plan”, 21 July 2021.
o PowerPoint presentation: Fundamental of Maintenance Plan
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.)
• Engr. Ronald B. Lacaba, “Electrical Design and Calculations of Residential
Building “Based on latest PEC of 2009” 22 July 2021.
o PowerPoint presentation: ELECTRICAL-DESIGN-AND-
CALCULATIONS-OF-RESIDENTIAL-AND-COMMERCIAL-by-RBL
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.)
• Engr. Alfred S. Almoroto, “Opportunities for Industrial Engineer” 22 July 2021
o PowerPoint Presentation Titled: “Opportunities for Industrial Engineer”
OJT FOR SUMMER (ENGINEERING DEPT.)
• Engr. Danilo M. Siervo Jr., “Preventive Maintenance of a Commercial Building
Transformer”, 23 July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) (engr. danilo siervo)
o PowerPoint presentation: Preventive Maintenance of Various Building
Electrical Equipment
• Engr. Michael Ray S. Wenceslao, “Industrial and Academic Work: An
Introspect from a ME postgraduate”, 24 July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) (Engr. Michael wenceslao)
• Engr. Ryan Merin Lubiano, “Basic Refrigeration Project Management”, 25
July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) (Engr. lubiano)
o PDF presentation: RML 2021 OJT INTERN WEBINAR
• Engr. Rheynand M. Pajaron, “Source Emission Testing”, 26 July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group - OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) 2021 (engr. rheynand pajaron)
o PDF presentation: PIT-Webinar-Final
• Engr. Kenneth C. Requitillo, “The Importance of Acquiring Skills/Training”, 27
July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Google Classroom – ojt (1st topic webinar. “THE
IMPORTANCE OF ACQUIRING GOOD LEADERSHIP SKILLS
TOWARDS MANAGEMENT”)
77
• Engr. Rey Ann Bande, “Industrial Engineering Career Path” 29 July 2021
o PowerPoint Presentation: OJT FOR SUMMER 2021 (EE, ME, IE)
Group Chat: PPT Title “Industrial-engineering-career-path”
• Engr. Jimboy Y. Fresnido, “Plant Equipment Maintenance Strategies/Execute
Failure Modes and Countermeasures Analysis”, 30 July 2021.
o Recorded webinar: Facebook Group – OJT FOR SUMMER
(ENGINEERING DEPT.) (Engr. jimboy fresnido)
o PowerPoint presentation: Webinar Presentation rev2

APPENDIX A. CERTIFICATE OF ATTENDANCE

APPENDIX B. CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

A COMPILATION OF ON-THE-JOB TRAINING WEBINARS ON

 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

AN OJT MANUSCRIPT SUBMITTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PALOMPON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PALOMPON, LEYTE,
PHILLIPPINES

BANJOLINO M. ESPEJO

SEPTEMBER 2021