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English

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Quarter 1

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Using Direct and Reported Speech
Appropriately in Varied Contexts

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EN7G-III-e-3

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English – Grade 7
 English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 Using Direct and Reported Speech Appropriately in Varied Contexts
First Edition, 2020

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Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any

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work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary
for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among
other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective

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copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

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Secretary : Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author : Sarrah Jane F. Cruz

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Language Reviewer : Ana Leticia M. Mateo
Content Editor : Ana Leticia M. Mateo
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Illustrator : Ma. Melanie M. Mangulabnan

Layout Artist : Geraldine S. Toledo

Management Team:

Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD

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Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
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Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD

EPS-Division ADM Coordinator

Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II

Jay Arr V. Sangoyo, PhD

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EPS – English

Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II
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Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
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Email address: [email protected]

 7

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CA
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English

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Quarter 1
Using Direct and Reported Speech

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Appropriately in Varied Contexts
EN7G-III-e-3
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 Introductory Message

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For the Facilitator:

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Welcome to the English 7 Project CAP-LRE Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Using Direct and Reported Speech Appropriately in Varied Contexts.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from

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public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

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This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

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In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

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This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.
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As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage the learners as they do the tasks included in the
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module.
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For the Learner:

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Welcome to the English 7 Project CAP-LRE Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Using Direct and Reported Speech Appropriately in Varied Contexts.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
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and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
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check what you already know about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

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 This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be

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introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity

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or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

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This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer

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Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will

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help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
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In this portion, another activity will be given
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
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the lesson learned.

This contains answers to all activities in the
module.
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At the end of this module, you will also find:

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References- This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

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The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
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3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
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understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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This module provides varied activities that will help you learn about direct and

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.
reported speech.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

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• differentiate direct and reported speech;
• apply the correct tense of the verb, appropriate pronoun and quotation
mark; and

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• use direct and reported speech appropriately in varied contexts.

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A. Directions: Read each statement and identify whether each is a Direct speech or a
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Reported speech. Draw a star for direct speech and a smiley for reported
speech.
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Statements
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1. Martin Andanar mentioned how Dr. Jose Rizal strongly

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displayed nationalism and patriotism throughout his life.

2. Francisco Roque said that Dr. Jose Rizal’s life is a

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testament of how a single person’s deep love for his country

could spark the reawakening of our forefathers’ desire for
freedom and change.
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3. “We are proud to see today modern-day heroes – our

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courageous frontliners – who rise up to the challenge and
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serve as beacons of hope,” Roque said.

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 4. The author said that the occasion reminds the nation of Dr.
Jose Rizal’s young life, dedicated to service, which rings a bell

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in these challenging times.

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5. “Today, as we face the threat of an unseen enemy in this
pandemic… like Dr. Jose Rizal, may we utilize our intelligence
in our fight against COVID-19,” Andanar said.

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B. Directions. Refer to the previous statements in Activity A, and identify who the
speaker is and what he/she said. Complete the table below.

Who said it?

1.
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What did he/she say?
2.
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3. 4.

5. 6.
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7. 8.
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9. 10.
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Directions: Let us recall the use of the simple past form of the verb.

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The simple past tense of the verb is used to indicate an event or action that
happened before or in the past. To change the verb to its past form, you add -d or -ed
after the regular verb (dance-danced) however, in irregular verb, you change its form

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(bring-brought).

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Study the sentences below and change the underlined verb to its past form.
Write you answer on the provided space.

_________ 1. My teacher gives us an activity about the importance of cleaning our

environment.

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_________ 2 -3. She mentions that it keeps us safe from viruses and diseases.
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_________ 4. That is why, she reminds us to maintain the cleanliness of our
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environment.

_________ 5. After our teachers’ discussion, I realize that I must always clean our
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surroundings.
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You are correct if your answers in numbers 1 and 3 are gave and kept
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because they are examples of irregular verbs.

On the other hand, the verbs in numbers 2, 4 and 5 are examples of

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regular verbs. That is why you just add -ed or -d at the end of the words mention,
remind and realize.
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Directions: Read the text below and answer the questions that follow. Circle the letter
of your answer.

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My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan

(An Excerpt)

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One morning a policeman from the presidencia came to our house with a sealed
paper. The rich man had filed a complaint against us. Father took me with him when

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he went to the town clerk and asked him what it was all about. He told Father the man
claimed that for years we had been stealing the spirit of his wealth and food.

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When the day came for us to appear in court, Father brushed his old army
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uniform and borrowed a pair of shoes from one of my brothers. We were the first to
arrive. Father sat on a chair in the center of the courtroom. Mother occupied a chair
by the door. We children sat on a long bench by the wall. Father kept jumping up his
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chair and stabbing the air with his arms, as though he were defending himself before
an imaginary jury.

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 The rich man arrived. He had grown old and feeble; his face was scarred with
deep lines. With him was his young lawyer. Spectators came in and almost filled the

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chairs. The judge entered the room and sat on a high chair. We stood up in a hurry
and sat down again.

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After the courtroom preliminaries, the judge took at father. “Do you have a
lawyer?” he asked.

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“I don’t need a lawyer judge.” He said.

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“Proceed,” said the judge.

The rich man’s lawyer jumped and pointed his finger at Father, “Do you or do

6 the spirit of the complainant’s wealth and

you not agree that you have been stealing

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food?”

“I do not!” Father said.

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“Do you or do you not agree that while the complainant’s servants cooked and
fried fat legs of lambs and young chicken breasts, you and your family hung outside
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your windows and inhaled the heavenly spirit of the food?”

“I agree,” Father said.

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“How do you account for that?”

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Father got up and paced around, scratching his head thoughtfully. Then he
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said, “I would like to see the children of the complainant, Judge.”

“Bring the children of the complainant.”

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They came shyly. The spectators covered their mouths with their hands. They
were so amazed to see the children so thin and pale. The children walked silently to a
bench and sat down without looking up. They stared at the floor and moved their hands
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uneasily.

Father could not say anything at first. He just stood by his chair and looked at
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them. Finally he said, “I should like to cross-examine the complainant.”

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 1. What pronoun is used to substitute the word “Father”?
a. She b. He c. They d. We

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2. What is the Father’s reply when asked if he has a lawyer?
a. “Proceed” c. “I don’t need a lawyer judge”

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b. “I agree” d. “I do not”

3. Who uttered this statement, “I should like to cross-examine the complainant.”?

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a. Father b. Child c. complainant d. Judge

4. Which of the following is an example of a direct quotation?

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a. The judge said that father must proceed
b. Father could not say anything at first.
c. The judge asked if father has a lawyer.
d. “I agree,” Father said.
5. Which of the statements below is a reported speech?

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a. He said, “I would like to see the children of the complainant, Judge.”
b. The judge asked, “How do you account for that?”
c. My father said that he did not need a lawyer.
d. Father got up and paced around, scratching his head thoughtfully.
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A speech is direct when we quote the exact words that a person said. We put
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quotation marks around the words and add a speech tag such as "he said" or "she
asked" before or after the quote.
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Examples:

Father said, “I like to see the children of the complainant.”

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“I don’t need a lawyer,” he said.

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He said, “I like to cross-examine the complainant.”

Reported speech or indirect speech is another way of saying what someone said,
but without quotation marks. It doesn't usually repeat the words exactly as what the
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person said. It typically changes the tense of the verbs and the pronouns.

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 Direct Speech Reported Speech

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1 Father said, “I like to see the children of Father said that he liked to see the
the complainant.” children of the complainant.

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2 “I don’t need a lawyer,” he said. He said that he didn’t need a lawyer.

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3 She said, “I like to cross-examine the She said that she liked to cross-
complainant.” examine the complainant.

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Note: When you change a statement from direct speech to reported speech the
pronoun and tense of the verbs will also change, but when it expresses a general
truth, do not change the verb into past.
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Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
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Examples:
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Direct Speech Reported Speech

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1 My teacher said, “The doctors and My teacher said that the doctors and
nurses are the modern-day heroes.” nurses were the modern-day heroes.
2 He says, “I need your cooperation.” He says that he needs our cooperation.
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3 She said, “All people want to have good She said that all people wanted to have
future.” good future.
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Notice how the verb changes in example number 1, from the present tense are
to its past form were. On the other hand, the pronoun “I” in example number 2 is
transformed to the 2nd person “he”. In the third example, the regular verb want (present
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tense) is transformed to its past form wanted.

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 More examples:
Direct Speech: Noah said, “We help our parents in cleaning the house.”

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In this example, the pronouns used in the direct speech are “We and our” (first person)
so when you change that to reported speech, it will be like this:

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Reported: Noah said that they helped their parents in cleaning the house.
You are now reporting what Noah said so you will not use we and our, instead, you

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will change that to third person “they and their”.
For further understanding study the table below:

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Singular Plural
First Person I, me we, us
my, mine our, ours

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Second Person You you
your, yours your, yours
Third Person he, she, it they, them
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him, her their, theirs
his, her, hers, its
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Independent Activity 1
Direct or Reported
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Directions: Identify whether each of the following statements is direct speech or reported
speech. Write your answer on the provided space.
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__________1. My aunt says that her favorite place in the Philippines is Bulacan.

__________2. She said, “I love the environment as well as the Bulakenyos.”

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__________3. I told her that I want to visit St. Augustine Church in Baliwag.

__________4. She said that it’s one of the most beautiful churches she’s ever been.
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__________5. Then my father said, “Your mom and I visited St. Augustine Church and

prayed to God to have you.”

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 Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Write FACT if the statement is correct and BLUFF if not. Write your answer on

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the provided space.

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____________1. Direct speech is when we report the exact words that a person said. We

put quotation marks around the words.

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____________2. In changing the direct speech to reported speech, you do not need to

change the verb of the statement.

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____________3. “She said that she gave the keys to her son.” This sentence is an

example of reported speech.

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____________4. Reported Speech is also called Indirect Speech.

____________5. Peter said, “I love reading Philippine Literature with my friend Jack.” This
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sentence, the speaker is Jack.
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Independent Activity 2
Directions: Read then draw a happy face for each correct direct/reported
speech.
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1. David said, “There is an excellent player in this team.”

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2. Jane replied that she played tennis every Saturday.

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3. Christine said, I want to be a good member of the team.

4. The coach said that “he planned for an intensive training to everyone.”

5. Jonathan said that he was excited to share his skills to his partner.
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6. The doctor tells everyone, “Be careful and drink multivitamins every day.”

7. Jane asked “If she could take multivitamins too.”

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8. David asked if he needed that.

9. Christine requested her team members to go home early and to eat

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healthy foods.

10. The coach said, “That he was excited to work with this team.”

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 Independent Assessment 2
Directions: Arrange the given jumbled phrases to form the direct and indirect

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speeches. Rewrite the sentence on the space provided.

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1. the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.” The professor explained,

“Climate Change is a change in global climate patterns due to

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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2. something to stop Climate Change.” “It is time to do She also added,

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3.
“Save and show love
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He told us, to our Mother Earth now.”

___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
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4. save the nature?” Danny asked, “How can I

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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5. “I love planting trees and plants in my yard.” Rosemarie said,

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

6. to join the Greenpeace which aims to protect Ricky requested us

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Philippines the environment.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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7. Angelica replied related to saving Mother that she enjoyed doing

Earth. activities
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 8. wanted to save if I could join to their group because I also I asked
our nature.

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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9. when she could start the activities of this Patria asked
doing group.

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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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10. The leader told parents to join in this
to ask permission from their
them group.
___________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________

Independent Activity 3
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Directions: Complete the sentences below by filling in the blank with the correct pronoun.
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Direct Speech: “I exercise everyday”, said Paul

1. Reported Speech: Paul said that ______ exercise everyday.
a. he b. she c. they
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Direct Speech: I told Paul, “My sister and I want to join you tomorrow.
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2. Reported Speech: I told Paul that _______ wanted to join him tomorrow.
a. we b. they c. us
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Direct Speech: The next morning, Paul said, “Let us jog for now and
3. feel the fresh air.
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Reported Speech: The next morning, Paul said that ___ jog for now and
feel the fresh air.
a. we b. they c. us
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 Direct Speech: My sister said, “I am tired.”
4.

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Reported Speech: My sister said that _____ was tired.
a. it b. he c. she

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5. Direct Speech: While resting, Matthew saw us and said, “I want to invite
you all to my birthday party.”

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Reported Speech: While resting, Matthew saw us and said that ______
wanted to invite all of _____ to _____ birthday party.

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a. they, we, their
b. he, us, his
c. she, we, her

Independent Assessment 3
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Directions: Read the comic strip below and write one direct speech and one reported
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speech based on the given scenario.
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 Examples:

Direct Speech: The girl said, “Baliwag was founded in 1732.”

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Reported Speech: The girl said that Baliwag was founded in 1732.

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Direct Speech: ____________________________________________________
Reported Speech: _________________________________________________

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Having gone through different activities, do you realize now the importance of
knowing how to write direct and reported speeches? Write your realization below by
plotting your ideas.

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Are you familiar with the images of the people below? If yes, you are also

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familiar with their famous lines/quotations. Now it is time to use direct speech and
reported speech in writing.

Directions: Change their lines/quotations to reported speech appropriately. Write

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your answer on the provided space.

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“The youth is
the hope of our
future.”

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1. Jose Rizal said ____________________________________________________
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“I am always open
to every
opportunity.”
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SD

2. Catriona Gray said __________________________________________________

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“I am always having fun

in training and in boxing
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because boxing is my
passion.”
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3. Manny Pacquiao said _______________________________________________

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 “In case of virtual classes, we
are preparing better internet

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connections at the barangay
level where students can

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download the modules.”

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4. Mayor Vico Sotto said _______________________________________________

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“I just believe that when
there’s a will there’s a way
and I will continue to help

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N in different ways.”

5. Angel Locsin said_________________________________________________

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A. Directions: Read the sentences below from the story “The Centipede” by Ronie V.
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Diaz and determine whether they are direct or reported speech. Write DIRECT for
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direct speech and REPORTED for indirect speech. Write your answer on the provided
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space.

Statements Answer
1. “No you have to wait,” Father whispered.
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HO

2. Father had told me that hunters always spat for luck

before firing.
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3. He said that he hoped the dog made a hunter out of me.

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 4. “May I keep him, Father?” I said pointing to the dog.

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5. “Eddie, come here,” my sister commanded.

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B. Directions: Analyze and complete each statement below by filling in the blank with

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the appropriate pronoun. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before each number.

________1. My sister told me, “You keep out of ______ playhouse.”

a. my b. her

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________2. Berto said that ______ got something for me.
c. she
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a. she b. us c. he
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________3. He said that he found a large centipede under the stack ______

chopped.
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a. my b. he c. she
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________4. “_______ didn’t expect to find any centipede here,” he said.

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a. I b. My c. Us

________5. Berto told me “That’s bigger than the one ______ found last year, isn’t
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it?”

a. him b. she c. you

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C. Directions: The following are some lines from the play “New Yorker in Tondo” by
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Marcelino Agana, Jr. Change the following direct speeches to reported speeches.
Circle the letter of the correct answer.

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 1. Mrs. M said, “I thought you are in the province.”

a. Mrs. M said that “she thought I was in the province.”

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b. Mrs. M thought that I was in the province.

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c. Mrs. M said that she was in the province.

2. Tony said, “You look wonderful Aling Atang.”

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a. Tony said that Aling Atang looked wonderful

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b. Tony said “Aling Atang looks wonderful.”

c. Tony said that wonderful is Aling Atang.

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3. She said, “In New York, people do not wake up before twelve o’clock noon”.

a. She said that “In New York, people did not wake up before twelve o’clock
noon”.
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b. She said, “that in New York, people did not wake up before twelve o’clock
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noon”.

c. She said that in New York, people did not wake up before twelve o’clock noon.
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4. Mrs. M told me, “You wait just a minute and I will call Kikay.”
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a. Mrs. M told me, “that I wait just a minute and she will call Kikay.”
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b. Mrs. M told me, “to wait just a minute and she will call Kikay.”

c. Mrs. M told me to wait just a minute and she would call Kikay.
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5. Tony said, “Miss Tondo has become Miss New York.”

a. Tony said that Miss Tondo had become Miss New York.
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b. Tony said that, “Miss Tondo had become Miss New York.”

c. Tony said, “that Miss Tondo had become Miss New York.”
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Choose three most important values that you have learned from your parents.

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Write a paragraph consisting of 5-7 sentences about these values. Remember to use
direct speech and reported speech in writing.

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N
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Rubric
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Criteria 4 3 2
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Focus Stays well-focused on Mostly focuses on Many events of

the writing objective the writing objective details do not relate
to the writing
objective
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Use of Direct Includes outstanding Includes appropriate Uses direct and

and Reported use of direct and use of direct and reported speech with
Speech reported speech reported speech little effectiveness
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Use of pronoun Includes outstanding Includes appropriate Uses pronoun and

and verb use of pronoun and verb use of pronoun and verb with little
verb effectiveness

Convention Punctuation and Some grammatical Several grammatical

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grammar are correct errors are evident errors are evident

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 21
What I Know
A.
1.
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2.
3.
4.
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5.
B.
Who said it? What did he/she say?
a. Martin Andanar Dr. Jose Rizal strongly displayed nationalism and patriotism throughout his life, he mentioned that it greatly contributed to our
forefathers’ pursuit of justice, freedom and independence against our colonizers.
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b. Francisco Dr. Jose Rizal’s life is a testament of how a single person’s deep love for his country could spark the reawakening of our forefathers’
Roque desire for freedom and change.
c. Roque “We are proud to see today modern-day heroes – our courageous frontliners – who rise up to the challenge and serve as beacons of
hope to a people weary and fearful of the present global health scare,”
d. The author The occasion reminds the nation of Dr. Jose Rizal’s young life, dedicated to service, which rings a bell in these challenging times.
e. Andanar “Today, as we face the threat of an unseen enemy in this pandemic… like Dr. Jose Rizal, may we utilize our intelligence in our fight
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against COVID-19 and may we find the strength of heart to continue on our path to recovery,”
f.
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What’s In Independent Assessment 2 What I Can Do

1. gave 1. The professor explained, “Climate Change is a 1. Jose Rizal said that the youth was the hope of
2. mentioned change in global climate patterns due to the our future.
3. kept increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.” 2. Catriona Gray said that she was always open
4. reminded 2. She also added, “It is time to do something to to every opportunity.
5. realized stop Climate Change.” 3. Manny Pacquiao said that he was always
3. He told us, “Save and show love to our Mother having fun in training and in boxing because
SIO

What’s New Earth now.” boxing was his passion.

1. b 4. Danny asked, “How can I save the nature?” 4. Mayor Vico Sotto said that in case of virtual
2. c. 5. Rosemarie said, “I love planting trees and classes, they were preparing better internet
3. a plants in my yard.” connections at the barangay level where
4. d 6. Ricky requested us to join the Greenpeace students can download the modules.
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5. c Philippines which aims to protect environment. 5. Angel Locsin said that she just believed that
7. Angelica replied that she enjoyed doing when there’s a will there’s a way and she will
What’s More activities related to saving Mother Earth. continue to help in different ways.
Independent Activity 1 8. I asked if I could join to their group because I
1. Reported also wanted to save our nature. Assessment
2. Direct 9. Patria asked when she could start doing the A.
3. Reported activities of this group. 1. Direct
4. Reported 10. The leader told them to ask permission from 2. Reported
5. Direct their parents to join in this group. 3. Reported

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Independent Assessment 1 4. Direct
1. Fact Independent Activity 3 5. Direct
2. Bluff 1. a B.
3. Bluff 2. a 1. a
4. Fact 3. b 2. c
5. Bluff 4. c 3. b
5. b 4. a
Independent Activity 2 5. c
C.
1. Independent Assessment 3 1. b
Answers vary (Possible answers)

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2. a
2. 3. c
4. c
3. Direct Speech: The girl said, “Baliwag was
5. a
founded in1732.”
4. Additional Activity
Reported Speech: The girl said that Baliwag was Answers vary
5.

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founded in 1732.
6.
7.
What I Have Learned
8. Answers may vary (Possible answers)
9.

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I realized that direct speech requires the proper
use of quotation mark. ….
10.

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 References

About Baliwag accessed June 29, 2020, https://www.baliwag.gov.ph/about-baliwag/

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Christina Mendez, Frontliners emulating Jose Rizal’s self sacrifice, Philippine Star, last

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June 20, 2020,https://www.philstar.com/nation/ 2020/06/20 /2022111/
frontliners-emulating-jose-rizals-self-sacrifice

“Direct and Indirect Speech” Amrita University & CDAC Mumbai. Accessed June 24, 2020

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https://cdac.olabs.edu.in/?sub=84&brch=26&sim=196&cnt=499#:~:text=
Rules%20for%20changing%20Direct%20into%20Indirect%20Speech&text=If
%20the%20reporting%20or%20principal%20verb%20is%20in%20the%20Pas

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t%20Tense.&text=If%20in%20direct%20speech%20you,is%20in%20a%20pre
sent%20tense.

“Direct to indirect speech: General rules”, English Grammar, accessed June 25, 2020
https://www.englishgrammar.org/direct-indirect-speech-general-rules/

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“Direct vs. Reported Speech”, English baby accessed June 23, 2020 https://www.
englishbaby.com/lessons/grammar/direct_vs_reported_speech

JC Gotinga, “Vico Sotto: We can't let public school students get left behind”, Rappler.
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May 26, 2020, https://www.rappler.com/nation/261992-vico-sotto-says-cannot-
let-public-school-students-get-left-behind
SIO

Marinel Cruz, “Angel Locsin balks at ‘real-life Darna’ title: I have no hero complex”,
Philippine Daily Inquirer, June 18, 2020 https://entertainment.inquirer.net/
379621/angel-locsin-balks-at-real-life-darna-title-i-have-no-hero-complex
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New Yorker in Tondo Marcelino Agana, Jr., accessed June 30, 2020.,
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https://sirmikko.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/new-yorker-in-tondo.pdf

Philippine Literature, “My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan”, accessed June
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23, 2020, http://literature-westfieldsos.blogspot.com/2010/09/my-father-goes-

to-court-carlos-bulosan.html

Rafiq Muhammad, “Direct and Indirect Speeches”, Owlcation last modified December
OL

8, 2019, https://owlcation.com/humanities/Indirect-Speech

The Best Philippine Literature, “The Centipede by Rony V. Diaz”, accessed June 30,
2020 https://www.sushidog.com/bpss/stories/centipede.htm
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