JESUS AND MARY SCHOOL AND COLLEGE

CLASS-10
PHYSICS
WORKSHEET 1

TOPIC -TURNING FORCES

What is a Translatory Motion?

A type of motion in which all parts of the body move the same distance in a given time is known as the
translatory motion. Translatory motion can be of two types: rectilinear and curvilinear.
If a body moves as a whole such that every part of the body moves through the same distance in a given
time, then the body is said to be in translatory motion.
Given below in a table is the difference between rectilinear and curvilinear translatory motion, for your
better understanding.

Rectilinear Motion Curvilinear Motion

When an object in When an object in

translatory motion translatory motion
moves along a straight moves along a curved
line, it is said to be in path, it is said to be in
rectilinear motion curvilinear motion

A car moving along a A stone thrown up in the

straight path and the air at a certain angle and
train moving in a straight a car taking a turn are
track are examples of examples of curvilinear
rectilinear motion motion

Translatory Motion Examples

 A car moving in a straight line, the path of a bullet out of a gun etc are examples of translational
motion.

Rotational Motion
Now let us imagine a circular block going down the edge of the right-angled triangle. Examining the
location and orientation of different points on the cylindrical block will tell us something new. The points
on the cylindrical body experience something much different than the rectangular block.
 A circular block rolling down the slanting edge of a right-angled triangle experiences different
magnitude of velocity in different directions.
As shown by the arrows in the diagram representing the velocity, each point experiences a different
magnitude of velocity in a different direction. Here the points are arranged with respect to an axis of
rotation. Rotation is what you achieve when you constrain a body and fix it along a straight line. This
means that the body can only turn around the line, which is defined as rotational motion. Ceiling fan, a
potter’s wheel, a vehicle’s wheel are all examples of rotational motion.

Turning Effect of Force:

The turning effect of a force acting on a body about an axis is due to the moment of force or torque. It
depends on the magnitude of a force applied and the distance of the line of action of force from the axis
of rotation.

Moment of a Force (Torque):

It is equal the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of
force from the axis of rotation. It is a vector quantity. Its direction is normal to the plane containing the
perpendicular distance and the force. Maximum torque is transmitted when force is applied at the farthest
possible distance from the axis of rotation.

SI Unit of Moment of a Force is Nm.

Equilibrium:
When a number of forces acting on a body produce no change in its state of rest it is said to be in static
equilibrium, if there is no change in its state of motion(translational or rotational) it is said to be in
dynamic equilibrium.

Conditions for Equilibrium:

 The resultant of all the forces acting on the body should be equal to zero.
 The resultant of all the forces acting on the body about the point of rotation should be zero. According
to the Principle of Moments, in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of anticlockwise moments is equal to
the algebraic sum of clockwise moments. 
Moment of the force
If a force is applied to the end of an object whose other end is attached to a pivot or hinge, the force will
tend to rotate the object about the pivot, called the FULCRUM, Thus, a force can, in certain
circumstances, have a turning effect. We call this effect the Moment of the Force
The moment depends on the size of the force, F, and the perpendicular distance, d, from the fulcrum to a
line along the direction of the force vector (). Moments are expressed in units of NEWTON METRES
(N·m). The direction of the rotation resulting from a moment is either clockwise or anticlockwise.
Clockwise moments are regarded as positive, while anticlockwise moments are negative.
NUMERICALS

Question 1.The moment of a force of 10N about a fixed point O is 5Nm. Calculate the distance of
the point O from the line of action of the force.
Solutions:
We know that,
Moment of Force = Force × Perpendicular distance from the point O
=F×r
So, substituting the values given in the question, we get,
5Nm = 10r
r = 5 / 10=0.5 m
Question 2. A nut is opened by a wrench of length 10cm. If the least force required is 5.0N, find the
moment of force needed to turn the nut.
Solutions:
Given
r = 10 cm
= 0.1 m
Required least force = 5 N
Moment of force = F × r
Substituting the values of F and r, we get
= 5 × 0.1
= 0.5 Nm
Question 3.
A wheel of diameter 2m is shown with axle at O. A force F = 2N is applied at B in the direction
shown in figure. Calculate the moment of force about
i) the centre O, and
ii) the point A.
Solutions:
Given
F = 2N
D = 2m
Since the diameter is 2m. So, the perpendicular distance between B and O is 1m
(i) Moment of force at the centre O
=F×r
=2×1
= 2 Nm
– which is clockwise
(ii) Moment of force at point A
=F×r
=2×2
= 4 Nm
– which is clockwise
Question 4.
The diagram shows two forces F1= 5N and F2 = 3N acting at points A and B of a rod pivoted at a
point O, such that OA = 2m and OB = 4m
Calculate:
i) the moment of force F1 about O.
ii) the moment of force F2 about O.
iii) total moment of the two forces about O.
Solutions:
Given
OA = 2m and OB = 4m
(i) Moment of force F1 = 5N about the point O at A
= F1 × OA
=5×2
= 10Nm (anticlockwise)
(ii) Moment of force F2 = 3N about the point O at B
= F2 × OB
=3×4
= 12 Nm (clockwise)
(iii) Total moment of forces about the midpoint O
= 12 – 10
= 2Nm (clockwise)
Question 5.
Two forces each of magnitude 10N act vertically upwards and downwards respectively at the two
ends A and B of a uniform rod of length 4m which is pivoted at its mid-point O as shown.
Determine the magnitude of resultant moment of forces about the pivot O.
Solutions:
Given
AB = 4m So, OA = 2m
Moment of force (F) = 10N about the O at point A
= F × OA
= 10 × 2
= 20 Nm (clockwise)
Moment of force (F) = 10N about the O at point B
= F × OB
= 10 × 2
= 20 Nm (clockwise)
Total moment of forces about the centre O
= 20 + 20
= 40 Nm (clockwise)
ASSIGNMENT : (
Ques1. Torque and write its siuni with one example.
Ques2. Prove that
Moment of couple = Force x Couple arm.
Ques3. A jack screw is provided with a long arm. Explain why?
Ques4: A, B and C are the three forces each of magnitude 4N acting in the plane of paper as shown
in Figure. The point O lies in the same plane.
i) Which force has the least moment about O? Give a reason.
ii) Which force has the greatest moment about O? Give a reason.  
iii) Name the forces producing. (a) clockwise and(b) anticlockwise moments.(iv)What is the
resultant torque about the point O?
Ques5: State the principle of moments. Name one device based on it.
MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE
Ques6. The moment of force about a given axis depends:
(a) only on the magnitude of force
(b) only on the perpendicular distance of force from the axis
(c) neither on the force nor on the perpendicular distance of force from the axis
(d) both, on the force and its perpendicular distance from the axis.
Ques7. A body is acted upon by two unequal forces in opposite directions, but not in the same line.
The effect is that:
(a) the body will have only the rotational motion
(b) the body will have only the translational motion
(c) the body will have neither the rotational motion nor the translational motion
(d) the body will have rotational as well as translational motion.
Ques8: Complete the following sentences:
(i) The S.I. unit of moment of force is _________.
(ii) In equilibrium algebraic sum of moments of all forces about the point of rotation is
______________.
(iii) In a beam balance when the beam is balanced in a horizontal position, it is in
____________equilibrium.
(iv) The moon revolving around the earth is in ____________ equilibrium.
Note : Please do all this work in your old note books which will be checked when School re-opens.