CABARROGUIS CAMPUS

Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph

[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

-PRELIM-

A SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE

A. Y. 2021-2022

NELLY S. SACNET, RCrim

Subject Instructor

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY’S HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, VISION, MISSION,

AND GOALS

Historical Development of QSU

The Quirino State University (QSU) metamorphosed from a municipal high school to a
state university. In June 1963, it was known the Northeastern Nueva Vizcaya High School
(NNVHS) founded by the municipal government.
On June 18, 1964, it was converted into Northern Nueva Vizcaya National Agriculture
School (NNVNAS) offering secondary vocational agriculture and agricultural home- making
curricula.

When Quirino was weaned from its mother province Nueva Vizcaya in 1972, a municipal
resolution changed its name to Quirino National Agricultural School QNAS). On June 10, 1983,
Batas Pambansa Blg. 440. QSU started to operate as a state college SY 1984-1985. Through
Republic Act No. 10230 QSC is converted to Quirino State University, integrating therewith
Quirino Polytechnic College in the municipality of Cabarroguis and the Maddela Institute of
Technology in the municipality of Maddela. The Bill was finally approved by the President of the
Philippines on October 19, 2012.

Vision
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime catalyst for a
progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley

Mission
Develop competent and morally upright professional and generate appropriate
knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan
Valley.

Goals
1. Perform the mandated functions of the university through an effective management
system.
2. Provide innovative and quality academic programs and produce competent, productive
and committed professionals.
3. Generate relevant knowledge and responsive technologies through quality researches.
4. Develop and implement techno-transfer programs/modalities through effective and
efficient training and extension services.
5. Generate adequate resources to support and enhance institutional development.

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Welcome to our self-paced learning module!

Before you proceed to the course module, it would be helpful for you to read and ponder
on the University’s Vision and Mission stated in the preliminary page, as well as the goals and
objectives of the Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

The following is the goals and objectives of the BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY:

GOALS

1. Encourage research and inquiry on the nature, causes, treatment or punishment of criminal
behavior and how criminal justice agencies function and respond to crime, criminals and victims.

2. Prepare the students for careers in crime prevention, law enforcement, scientific crime
detection, correctional administration, public safety and allied fields;

3. Foster the values of leadership, integrity, accountability and responsibility while serving their
fellowmen, community and country.

OBJECTIVES

1. Produce graduates with sufficient technical knowledge and proficiency to his major fields in
Criminalistics, Law Enforcement Administration, Correction and Rehabilitation and Criminal
Justice System.

2. Develop a high degree of leaders who possess dignity and honor to lead and extend services
to his fellowmen, community and country;

3. Develop and generate responsive researches along the fields of Public ethics and
Community Relations, Criminalistics, Criminal Jurisprudence Procedures, Defensive Tactics and
Law Enforcement Administrations

4. Generate resources to augment necessary need and development of the program.

With the University’s Vision, Mission and Core Values in mind, write a
reflective essay about the contribution/s you can make as a student
amidst the educational challenges we are facing in this time of
pandemic.

( limit your response to 150 words)

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Module 1 Introduction to First Aid

Competencies 1. Gain understanding on first aid and its objectives
2. Explain the functions of a responder
3. Learn how to use the different materials in first aid
Discussion OVERVIEW
The definition of first aid is not as easy as it seems. “First aid” is catch-all
phrase that refers to two distinctly different medical needs.
1. Emergency first aid is exactly that – the first response to a life threating (or limb
– threatening) medical emergency, either an illness or an injury. It’s often called
first responder training. More advanced medical care will happen after first aid in
this case. This type of first aid includes CPR, clearing an airway obstruction,
responding to anaphylactic shock, splinting a broken bone, and severe bleeding
control.
2. Non-emergency first aid is the treatment we initiate ourselves for minor medical
needs. We may or may not seek more advanced medical care after the initial
response. This includes taking over-the-counter medications for minor pain or
allergies, cleaning and bandaging cuts or abrasions, and minor bleeding control.

First Aid Basics

What is first aid?

First aid is the immediate care given to a person who

has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes
self-help or home care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed

Principles of First Aid

1. Preserve life
❖ Control bleeding
❖ Treat probable cause of shock
❖ Maintain airway in correct position
❖ Perform CPR when needed (no BREATHING and no PULSE)
2. Prevent injuries/condition from worsening
❖ Dress wound to prevent infection
❖ Provide comfort to casualty
❖ Place casualty in a comfortable position
3. Promote recovery
❖ Relieve victim from anxiety
❖ Encourage confidence and trust
❖ Attempt to relieve pain and discomfort
❖ Handle victim gently
❖ Protect victim from cold and wet

Roles and Responsibilities of Responder

1. Bridge that fills the gap between the patient/victim and the physician
2. Ensure safety of him/herself and that of bystander.
3. Gain access to the patient/victim.

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

4. Determine any threats to patient/victim’s life.

5. Summon more advanced medical care as needed.
6. Provide needed care for the patient/victim.
7. Assist more advanced personnel.
8. Record all finding and care given to the patient/victim.

Characteristics of a Good First Responder

1. GENTLE Should not cause pain.
2. RESOURCEFUL Should make the best use of things at hand
3. OBSERVANT Should notice all signs
4. TACTFUL Should not alarm the victim
5. EMPATHETIC Should be comforting
6. RESPECTABLE Should maintain a professional & caring attitude

Objectives of First Aid

1. To alleviate suffering
2. To prevent added/further injury or danger
3. To prolong life

Hindrances in Giving First Aid

1. Unfavorable 2. The Presence of

Surroundings Crowds

3. Pressure from Victim

or Relatives

Transmission of Diseases and the First Responder

How diseases are transmitted:
1. Direct Contact. Occurs when a person touches an infected person’s body
fluids
2. Indirect Contact. Occurs when a person touches objects that have been
contaminated by the blood or other body fluids of an infected person
3. Airborne. Occurs when a person inhales infected droplets that have become
airborne as an infected person coughs or sneezes
4. Vector. Occurs when an animal transmits a pathogen into the body through a
bite.

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Diseases That Cause Concern

Disease Signs and Symptoms Infective Material

HERPES Lesions, general ill Broken skin, mucous

feeling, sore throat membranes

MENINGITIS Respiratory illness, sore Food and water, mucus

throat, nausea, vomiting

TUBERCULOSIS Weight loss, night Saliva, airborne droplets

sweats, occasional fever,
general ill feeling

HEPATITIS Flulike, jaundice Blood, saliva, semen,

feces, food, water, other
products

HIV Fever, night sweats, Blood, semen, vaginal

weight loss, chronic fluid
diarrhea, severe fatigue,
shortness of breath,
swollen lymph nodes,
lesions

Body Substance Isolation

Precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from any other type of
bodily substance
Personal Hygiene

Personal Equipment

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Equipment cleaning and disinfecting

First Aid Equipment and Supplies

1. Basic Equipment
Spine Board and Spider Strap

Short Board / Kendrick’s Extrication Device

Sets of Splints

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Poles and Blankets

Suggested First Aid Kit Contents (Basic)

Alcohol

Povidone Iodine

Cotton balls

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Scissors

Forceps

Bandages (triangular)

Elastic Roller bandages

Occlusive Dressings

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Plaster

3. Other materials commonly used in First Aid

DRESSING - any sterile cloth material used to cover the wound

Other uses of dressing

▪ Controls bleeding.
▪ Protects the wound from infection.
▪ Absorbs liquid from the wound such
as blood plasma, water and pus.

Caring for Casualty

The Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) recommends using the following 7

step acronym when caring for the casualty – D R S A B C D
1. Dangers – Check for danger (hazards/risks/safety)
2. Responsiveness – Check for response (if unresponsive)
3. Send – Send for help
4. Airway – Open the airway
5. Breathing – Check breathing (if not breathing/abnormal breathing)
6. CPR – Start CPR (give 30chest compression followed by two breaths)

D – Dangers
This step is the same when caring for both a breathing or non-breathing casualty.
YOU are the most important NOT the casualty. Ensure the safety for yourself (the
first aider), bystanders and the casualty.

• Check for dangers before approaching any situation is

critical. Rushing into a situation without adequately
assessing the situation can put yourself and others at needless risk
• The amount of danger greatly depends on the situation: hence it is
important to
assess each scene for possible dangers
• Sometimes, danger can be avoided, or the casualty can be moved away
from it

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

R – Responsiveness
This step is the same when both caring for a breathing and non-breathing
casualty.

• Check consciousness level, speak in calm positive manner, identify

yourself and ask if
you can help.
• Always approach a casualty with caution, feet first. If
there is no response and it is safe to do so implement
C.O.W.S.
• C can you hear me?
• O open your eyes?
• W what is your name?
• S. squeeze your hand?
Then gasp and squeeze the shoulder firmly to prompt a response. A casualty
who fails to respond or shows only a minor response, such as groaning without
eye opening, should be managed as if unconscious.
S – Send for Help
Once you have determined the casualty requires medical
assistance, you should next immediately send for help.

• Yell out for assistance if there are any bystander,

instruct them to call for an ambulance. If you are alone
and have access to a phone, call for an ambulance and
clearly explain the situation.
• Call for help
A – Airway
This step is the same when caring for both a breathing or non-breathing casualty.
Airway
management is required to provide an open airway when the casualty:
• Is unconscious
• Has and obstructed airway
• Needs rescue breathing
For responsive and children, it is reasonable to open the airway using the head
tilt chin lift manoeuver. Infants are left in the head position neutral position.
B – Breathing
This step is the same when caring for both a breathing
or non-breathing casualty.
• LOOK- LISTEN – FEEL FOR BREATHING.
• Get close to the casualty, placing your ear just above
their mouth.
• Can you feel breathing on your cheek? Can you
hear breathing?
• By looking towards the casualty’s chest you will be
able to check for rise and fall of the chest.
• If the casualty is breathing, they should be turned into the recovery
position.
• If there is no sign of breathing or the casualty is not breathing effectively,
you will need to proceed immediately onto CPR.

Gasping is not breathing normally

More than 50% of casualties in cardiac arrest gasp. Gasping has been

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

described as gurgling, agonal or labored breathing. This has often been

misinterpreted by onlookers and even first aiders as signs that the
casualty is breathing. The abnormal breathing or gasping may last for a
few minutes.

Note that if the casualty has not responded to COWS and a firm shoulder
squeeze that the gasping should be considered as NOT BREATHING
EFFFECTIVELY, therefore, you will need to proceed immediately onto CPR.

C – CPR
Step 1: Compressions
All first aider should perform chest compression on all
casualties who are unresponsive and not breathing
normally.

Compressions are the first part of CPR used in conjunction

with rescue breathing to circulate the oxygenated blood
around thofeir body.

Compressions are performed as follows:

• Kneel beside the casualty (at the level of the casualty’s shoulder)
• Locate the lower half of the sternum on the casualty
• Place the heel of the dominant hand in the center of the casualty’s chest
with the
other hand on top (or 2 fingers for infant)
• Keeping your arms straight, and your wrists and elbows locked, press
down vertically
to about a third of the casualty’s chest depth, then release pressure
• Give 30 compressions (about 100-120 per minute around a 2 second)
• Give 2 rescue breaths
• Repeat compression / breath at 30:2 ratio until help arrives

Quality Chest Compressions:

• To optimize the effectiveness of chest

compressions, the casualty should be
place on their back on a firm surface
• Interruption to chest compressions
must be minimized
o A casualty should be routinely
rolled onto the side to assess airway
and breathing unless regurgitation
occurs
• Allow for complete recoil of the chest after
each compression
• Avoid compression beyond the lower limit of the sternum

Fractured Ribs – this is common consequence of CPR: however, this is

acceptable given that the alternative to CPR is likely death of the casualty.
First aider changed-over – when possible, it is recommended that first aiders
change every 2 minutes (5 cycles) to prevent fatigue and also to help ensure that
the depth and speed of compressions is maintained. If this is performed, it is
important to minimize interruptions to compressions.

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Step 2: Rescue Breath Methods

After 30 compressions, perform 2 rescue breaths using one of the following
methods
Mouth to Mask
This involves using CPR mask for providing rescue breaths.

• The first aider exhales through a 1-way valve through

the mask into the casualty’s mouth.
• Head tilt is still required to open up the casualty’s
airways. Full head tilt for adults and children while no
head tilt for infants.

Mouth to Mouth
This is the recommended form of rescue breathing
when a mask is not available.
The following steps should be taken to correctly provide
mouth to mouth:
• Head Tilt/ Chin Lift Method: place one hand onto
the forehead or top of head. The other hand is
used in conjunction by holding up the chin using
the thumb and forefinger to open the mouth.
Place the thumb over the chin below the lip and
Supporting the tip of the jaw with the middle finger and the index finger
lying along the jaw line. Then gently tilt the casualty’s head back, not the
neck, to open the airway.
• Block the casualty’s nose using finger on one hand
• Take a breath and open your mouth as widely as possible
• Make a firm seal of your mouth onto the casualty’s mouth
• Exhale onto the casualty’s mouth with the required breath size to inflate
the casualty’s lungs. Visually view the rise of the chest.
• Give second breath. Should take around one second per breath
Note: Care should be taken not to over-inflate the chest.
In an infant, maximum head tilt should not be used. Instead
the head should be kept neutral. Because of the narrow
nasal passages, the upper airway is easily obstructed, so
there must be no pressure placed on the soft tissue of the
neck. The lower jaw should be supported at the point of the chin while keeping
the mouth open. Due to the head size of an infant compared to its body, when
laid on its back, the head naturally tips forward towards the chest. A slight
backward tilt may be needed to place the head into a neutral position.

Mouth to Nose
This can be used if preferred by the first aider:

• For infants, the first aider should cover the infant’s

mouth and nose with their own mouth instead of
attempting to pinch the infant’s nose.
• If providing mouth to nose with adults, the same
method as mouth to mouth is used, except that
instead of blocking the nose, the first aider should

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
 CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

ensure the casualty’s mouth is closed when exhaling

into the casualty’s nose (this involves sealing the
mouth by pushing the casualty’s lips together with your thumb).

Blocked Airway:
If the casualty’s chest does not rise during rescue breathing, check that:

• The head is tilted back correctly

• There is no foreign material in the airway
• The seal of your mouth on the casualty’s mouth is firm
• The nose has been locked
• Enough air is being blown in
Comprehension 1. It is the immediate care given to a person who
Check has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
2. Occurs when a person touches an infected person’s body fluids
3. Occurs when a person touches objects that have been contaminated by the
blood or other body fluids of an infected person
4. any clean cloth material, sterile or not, used to hold the dressing in place
Other uses of bandage

Answer Key
1. First Aid
2. Direct Contact
3. Indirect Contact
4. Bandage
Enrichment
Activities 1. When helping someone in an emergency, what is the first thing you would do?
Why?

2. Why would you cover wounds with a clean or sterile dressing?

3. Enumerate at least 5 basic first aid equipment. Explain the use of this
equipment.

4. In your own words, write down what the acronym DSR ABCD is trying to help
us remember

Ex. D Danger Checking for anything dangerous so no

one else gets hurt

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.
CABARROGUIS CAMPUS
Cabarroguis, 3400 Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph
[email protected]
0917-126-9160
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

MISSION
Develop competent and morally upright professionals and
generate appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the
needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.