TVL-ICT

JAVA PROGRAMMING NCIII

QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2

Access Information Using

Computer
 MELC: Access Information using Computer

I. INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the next level of performing Computer operations, which involves how to
access information using a computer. In this module, you were briefly introduced to the topic
of storage devices, the desktop environment for navigation purposes, and Occupation Health
and Safety requirements for safe use of keyboards. It also outlines characteristics common to
all storage devices and compares primary from secondary storage architecture. The second
part of this module will show the different parts of the desktop environment and its functions.
Lastly, keyboarding techniques were properly addressed in line with Occupational Health and
Safety standards for safe use of keyboard especially as programmers.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Select and access correct program/application containing the information required according
to company procedures.
Select, open, and close desktop icons correctly for navigation purposes.
Carry out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements for safe use of keyboards.

II. CONTENT

Lesson 1: Storage Devices

A memory, also known as storage device, consists of a read/write mechanism and a
storage medium that is responsible in holding data. This read-and-write mechanism is used to
access and retrieve data to and from the storage medium.
A typical computer system has many storage devices and varies in several important
characteristics which include the following:

1. Speed
Speed of memory is measured in terms of its access time. It is the most important
characteristic differentiating primary and secondary storage. Access time is the time required
to perform one complete cycle of read and write operation. The access time for secondary
storage is measured or expressed in terms of milliseconds.

2. Cost and Capacity

The higher the capacity of a storage device, the cost per unit also increases. Primary
storage is generally expensive compared with secondary storage. Secondary storage has
higher capacity than primary storage devices. Most computer users sacrifice speed and
parallel cost to gain the capacity they need at affordable cost.

3. Access Method
A storage device’s read/write mechanism and storage medium physical structure
determines the ways in which data can be accessed. Most storage device used multiple
access methods, and these are the following:

3.1 Serial Access

Characteristic of a storage device which holds and retrieves data in a sequential
manner. Data is stored to a linear storage medium in a specific order and can be read back
only in that same order. Magnetic tape and cartridges used form of serial access storage.

3.2 Random Access

Also called as a direct access device, and stores data randomly. Any record that needs
to be read can be access directly and more efficient than sequential file access. Primary
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storage devices and disk storage devices implements a random access way of .retrieving data.

Primary Storage Devices

As discussed in module 1, primary storage device served as the “waiting area” of data
and instruction being executed by the CPU. The critical performance characteristics of the
said device are its access speed and data transfer rate and most of the time, it is closely
associated to CPU’s working performance. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a common
term describing primary storage device.

Registers
Primary storage devices located inside the processor which provide a temporary
storage area of data or instruction currently executing.

Cache
A primary storage device which stores copies of the most frequently used data and it
is more accessible to the processor. Cache memory needs to be much smaller than main
memory and more expensive.

Secondary Storage Devices

Mostly referred to as external memory which is a non-volatile device that holds data
permanently until it is deleted or overwritten. It is used to hold data for long term use.

Magnetic Disk or Hard Disk

Refers to a flat, circular platters with metallic coatings that are rotated beneath/read
and write heads mechanism. A hard disk is a magnetic disk with a rigid metal base.

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A storage device similar to the behavior of magnetic disk drive but uses flash RAM or
other non-volatile memory devices as the storage medium and read and write mechanism.
SSDs have become suitable replacements for a typical hard disk drive because it provides
faster access time, higher processing reliability and noiseless operation.

USB Thumb Drive/Flash Drive

Mostly referred to as a USB flash drive, pen drive, and thumb drive, and the most
widely used external storage device. It is a removable storage device that connects to a
USB port. Although a flash drive is like your thumb in terms of size, it can store very large
amount of information.

CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and Blu-Ray Disc

Refer to any optical mass storage device that uses laser or light reflection to read data
on the optical media. These are popular media for distributing software and large data sets,
such as maps, census data, phone directories and other large databases.

Floppy Drive
Storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These diskettes were first
introduced with a total capacity of 720 KB. The 1.44 MB floppy diskettes were used widely in
the 1990s and were seldom found or used by 2000.

Lesson 2: Windows Desktop Components

The desktop is the first screen that will appear when you first start up a computer and
the Graphical User Interface (GUI) will depend on what operating system installed in the
computer. It is an organization of icons that represents files, directories, applications and
removable media like CD or DVDs on the screen. The image below is an example of the
Microsoft Windows Desktop and Windows Explorer with labeled parts.
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 Figure 1. Components of Windows 10 (Desktop)

Figure 2. Components of Windows 10 (Opening a Folder)

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Icons – represents files, applications, directories or folders, and removable media

Menu/Navigation Bar – appears as text with corresponding icon as you click the start menu
and allows you to view various commands available to that program.

Minimize, Maximize and Close Buttons – located at the upper right hand of the window used
to minimize, maximize and close the window explorer.

Address Bar – is located at the top of windows explorer that displays that path of the currently
selected drive or folder.

Desktop – collection of icons on window screen.

Task Bar – a component of operating system located at the bottom of the screen that allows
you to pin application programs as well as display icons of currently used applications.

System Tray – an area located at the right side of Windows Taskbar used to display the status
of various functions such as the speaker volume, clock settings, printer, network connections,
etc.

Search Box – located at the right side of the address bar that allows you to find and view all
your files and folders in one location.

Start Menu – a Graphical User Interface element of Microsoft Windows that provides a central
launching point of programs.

Windows Explorer – an area that provides a Graphical User Interface for accessing the file
systems of the computer.

Back – a button located at the right side of the address bar that can be used to go back to the
last folder visited.

Desktop Background – also known as wallpaper, used as a decorative background of a

computer screen.

Desktop Search Box – located beside the start menu icon that is used to find files, programs
or documents using a keyword.

Lesson 3: Proper Keyboarding

Working in front of a computer takes time especially when working on documents such
as research and when coding programs. Most of us, programmers, usually spend more than
8 hours a day in front of the computer which may lead to back pain and muscle fatigue.
According to Better Health Australia, the negative impact of poor sitting posture at your desk
include: headaches, muscle fatigue, back, neck and bodily pains. Therefore, maintaining the
right posture and proper selection and arrangement of computer keyboard helps reduce stress
and maximize your productivity in the workplace.

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Proper Keyboarding Posture according to experts includes the following:

1. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the

forearms to be close to the horizontal and the wrists
to be straight.
2. Avoid spending more than five hours a day on
keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per
hour without a postural/stretching break.
3. Select keyboard with light pressure keys.
4. Maintain proper wrist position to avoid fatigue in your
hands
5. Set the eye to screen at a distance that permits you
to most easily focus on the screen.
6. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle
and greater than 75 degrees flexion when sitting in
front of a computer.
7. Keep both feet flat on the floor.
8. Keyboard should always be laid flat on the table or
desk.
9. Change your working position frequently.
10. Once in a while, perform hand execise such as wrist
flexion.
Figure 3. Proper Keyboarding Posture

III. ACTIVITY PROPER

ACTIVITY I
Directions: Enclose the word that corresponds to the statement below. Write the correct
answer after each statement.

D M M A X I M I Z E W
N E Z G N C P W O T E
S N S G O O O I R A X
E U L K I N O N L T P
F I L E T S L D O E L
E D H W I O R O O M O
T L P H T I P W P E R
R E C Y C L E B I N E
U O P L P N U R T T R
N A V I G A T I O N N
C X C D R F O L D E R

1. A computer screen containing icons representing files and folders.

2. Represents a file, folder and application program shortcuts in the desktop.
3. It refers to a storage space where you can store files and other applications.
4. A desktop icon that represents directory of deleted files that enable you to restore.
5. Allows the user to enlarge a window screen.
6. Represents an object that stores data or information depending on the types.
7. A file manager application that represents GUI in accessing files in the computer.
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8. Refers to a display screen in the computer system.
9. Refers to actions of opening and moving around the computer screen.
10. Refers to a set of commands or choices presented to a user to execute.

ACTIVITY II
Directions: Label the parts of the following pictures below. Write your answer on the
corresponding number.

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 ANSWER KEY

II. ACTIVITY PROPER

ACTIVITY I

D M M A X I M I Z E W
N E Z G N C P W O T E
S N S G O O O I R A X
E U L K I N O N L T P
F I L E T S L D O E L
E D H W I O R O O M O
T L P H T I P W P E R
R E C Y C L E B I N E
U O P L P N U R T T R
N A V I G A T I O N N
C X C D R F O L D E R

ACTIVITY II

1. icons 6. system tray

2. menu/navigation bar 7. desktop
3. start menu 8. back
4. search box 9. address bar
5. taskbar 10. windows explorer

References:
A. Books
Farell, Joyce. 2012. Java Programming Sixth Edition. Boston, MA, USA: Course Technology,
Cengage Learning.
Malik, D.S. 2010. Java Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition.
Boston, MA, USA: Course Technology, Cengage Learning.
Deitel, Paul and Harvey Deitel. 2015. Java How to Program Tenth Edition. USA: Library of
Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Burd, Stephen D. 2011 Systems Architecture 6th edition. Boston, MA, USA: Course Technology,
Cengage Learning.

B. Online and Other Sources

CS127 Programming Grading Rubric (n,d). Indiana Wesleyan University.
https://sun.iwu.edu/~mliffito/class/2011f/cs127/rubric.php
https://www.java67.com/2014/10/how-to-create-and-initialize-two-dimensional-array-java-
example.html
https://www.cs.middlesexcc.edu/schatz/csc161/worksheet/array.worksheet.html
https://www.siyavula.com/read/cat/grade-10-cat/file-management/03-file-management
JEDI(Java Education and Development Initiative)Introduction to Programming I,Teachers
Manual
http://info.psu.edu.sa/psu/cis/kalmustafa/CISCO/Lecture%20Slides/ITE_PC_v40_Chapte
r2.pdf Occupational Safety Precautions
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htm
http://ergonomictrends.com/proper-sitting-posture-computer-experts/
http://ergonomictrends.com/proper-ergonomic-typing-posture-at-computer/
https://bit.ly/2D1ABDP

C. Module
Computer Hardware Servicing Module K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology
and Livelihood Education Learning Module
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IV– SUMMATIVE EVALUATION (Use the ANSWER SHEET attached herein)

A. Matching Type: Directions: Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your
answer on the line provided.

1. Characteristic of storage device which

A. Registers
holds data without loss over long periods.
___2. A magnetic storage device that is
B. Flash drive or Thumb drive
installed inside the computer.
___ 3. Storage device that uses removable 3.5-
C. Solid State Drive
inch floppy disks.
___ 4. Temporary storage for data and
D. Non-Volatile
programs.
___ 5. A storage device that uses lasers to read
E. Floppy Drive
data on the optical media.
___6. Refers to time required to access data
F. Random Access Memory
from the storage device.
___ 7. Holds instructions as executed by the
G. Optical Drive
processor.
___ 8. A removable storage device that
connects to a USB port. H. Capacity

___ 9. Similar to hard drive but uses flash

I. Hard Drive
RAM as storage medium.
10. Data quantity that a storage device can
J. Speed
hold.

B. True or False: Directions: Write C if the statement shows a correct practice while
using computers, otherwise, write NC if it is not a correct practice. Write your answer
on the space provided.
_______1. Do not sit properly while at work.
______2. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the
horizontal and the wrists to be straight.
______3. Be careful not to have the wrist extended or bent in an up position.
______4. Set the eye to screen at closer distance.
______5. Not changing posture at frequent intervals.

C. Drawing: Directions: Assuming that you are using the computer system. Create an
infographic showing a good posture during keying. Use the space provided for your
infographic. Use the rubrics as your guide in accomplishing this activity.