Cognitive Learning (In your mind, knowledge)

 Types of Communication
 Verbal Communication – relies on words to convey a message, a standard
method of communicating that mostly use on a day-to-day basis
 Intrapersonal Communication – extremely private and restricted to us, includes
silent conversations we have with ourselves
 Interpersonal Communication – takes place between two individuals and is thus
a one-on-one conversation
 Small Group Communication – can take place only when there are more than
two people involved, allowing each participant to interact and converse with the
rest
 Public Communication – takes place when one individual addresses a large
gathering of people
 Non-Verbal Communication – a process of communication without using words
or sounds, it uses gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye contact,
clothing, tone of the voice, and other cues to convey message
 Written Communication – medium through which the message of the sender is
conveyed with the help of written words
 Visual Communication – involves visual display of information, wherein the
message is understood or expressed with the help of visual aids

 Components of Communication
 Sender – called communicator or source where the communication begins, has
some kind of information that he command, request, or ideas that wants to be
share with others
 Receiver – the person whom the message is directed, being able to receive then
decode or interpret the message of the sender
 Message – the information that the sender wants to rely to the receiver, relayed
between two parties
 Medium – also called a channel, the means by which message is transmitted,
 Feedback – when the message has been successfully transmitted, received and
understood, the receiver, in turn, responds to the sender, indicating
comprehension
 Noise – sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received or
understood
 Context – setting in which the communication takes place, have an impact on the
successful exchange of information
 A. Communication barriers may prevent communication or carry incorrect meaning
due to which misunderstandings maybe created.

 Communication Barriers by Category

 Language Barriers – concerned with the problems and obstructions in the
process of encoding and decoding of a message into words or impressions
 Psychological Barriers – emotional or psychological factors also act as barrier to
communication; state of mind of both sender and receiver of communication
reflects the effective communication
 Organizational Barriers - rules and regulations authority relationship, etc. may
sometimes acts as barriers to effective communication, organization with highly
centralized pattern, people may not be encourage to have free communication
 Personal Barriers – personal factors of both sender and receiver may act as a
barrier to effective communication,
 Overcoming the Barriers in Communication
 Active Listening
 Use Simple Language
 Give Constructive Feedback

 Several Ways of Delivering a Speech

 Read Speech – the word-for-word iteration of a written message
 Memorized Speech – recitation of a written message that the speaker has
memorized
 Impromptu Speech – presentation of a short message without prior preparation
 Extemporaneous Speech – the presentation of a planned and rehearsed speech
using minimal notes

 Communication for Various Purposes

 Purposes of Communication
 Public Speaking – a way of making your ideas public – of sharing them with other
people and of influencing other people
 Interview – a two-party interaction in which at least one party has a specific,
serious purpose and that usually involves the asking and answering questions
 Characteristics of an Interview
o Interviews always involve two parties.
o Interviewing is always purposeful
o There is focus on asking and answering questions.

 Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Setting

  World of Diversity
 Global Community – refers to the people or nations of the world, considered as
being closely connected by modern telecommunications as being economically,
socially, and politically interdependent
 Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity
 Cultural Awareness – knowing that there are multiple different culture,
based on religion, ethnicity, nationality, and other factors, that have
different attitudes and outlooks
 Cultural Sensitivity – involves accepting those differences without insisting
that your own culture is better or that everyone should do it your way
 Gender-sensitivity – the realization of gender equality in written and spoken
language
- Is attained when women and men and those who do not conform to the binary
gender system are made visible and addressed in language as persons of
equal value, dignity, integrity, and respect
 Political Correctness – used to describe language, policies or measures that are
intended to avoid offense or disadvantages to members of particular groups in
society

 Communication for Work Purposes

 Workplace Communication – is a discipline of its own that is unlike academic or
scholastic writing
- Serves specific purposes for particular individuals, groups, organizations, or
departments

 Broad Categories of Workplace Communication

o Upward Communication – from your position to an audience above you in the
job hierarchy
o Lateral Communication – between you and an audience within your level of
hierarchy
o Downward Communication – from your position to an audience below you in
the job hierarchy
o Outward Communication – between you and a company that you do business
with or an audience outside your workplace

 Kinds of Approaches (Searles. 2014)

o Writer-Centered
o Reader-Centered
 Business Letters
 Parts of a Business Letter
 1. Heading
2. Inside Address/Recipient’s Address
3. Salutation
4. Body of the Letter
5. Complimentary Closing
6. Signature Block
 Formats of Business Letter
1. Block
2. Modified Block
3. Semi-Block
 Memos
 What is a Register?
 Defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different
circumstances
 Determined by factors as social occasion, context, purpose and audience
 Determine in one’s writing and even in one’s oral discourse
 Distinct Registers
 Frozen – refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain
unchanged, like constitution or prayer
 Formal – used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication
is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained
 Consultative – used in conversation when they are speaking with someone who
has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice
 Casual – used when they are with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers,
and family
 Intimate – reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and
often in private
 Classification of Language Registers
 Formal Language Register – is more appropriate for professional writing and
letters to a boss or a stranger; impersonal
 Informal Language Register – conversational and appropriate when writing to
friends and people you know very well
 Neutral Language Register – not necessarily formal or informal; used to deliver
facts

Psychomotor Learning (in skills, hard work)

Purposive Communication taught me how to communicate effectively with others,
according to what I've learnt. I learned what communication is and how it works in
different aspects and situations. In addition, I discovered that communication is a
process that involves listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This is where the macro
skills come into play. However, I discovered in this subject that speaking and writing are
considered productive talents, as they are used to deliver messages or produce
knowledge. On the other hand, receptive abilities include listening and reading. This
ability is used to receive communications.

This subject also taught me about ethical communication, which has helped me become
a more effective and heartfelt communicator. In Globalization, I also studied about
communication. Globalization serves as a bridge that unites individuals all across the
world, allowing us to establish so-called "harmony" between countries.

Affective Learning
Purposive Communication not only improves my communication abilities, but it also
inspires me to try harder to comprehend other people, despite the linguistic difficulties
we face.

At the time last semester when one of our classes taught us about this topic, I learned
about people from various cultures, beliefs, and languages. I'm grateful to the point
where it inspires me because, despite our differences, we still manage to understand
each other, and I understood that the language barrier isn't the issue; it's a matter of
willingness to learn each other's languages, values, and so on.

Overall, purposeful communication has taught me that we must communicate with

others with a purpose in our lives. Something will assist you and others in becoming
better persons. It is crucial not only for our course, but for everyone else as well,
because we all need to communicate in order to understand and be understood.