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ISO 13934-1:199(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in

the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are

circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of
(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 13934 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard ISO 13934-1 was prepared ISO 13934-1:1999

by the European
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/030b8f2f-9229-444b-9fa4-
Committee for Standardization (CEN) in collaboration with ISO Technical
Committee TC 38, Textiles, in accordance with 4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
the Agreement on technical
cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).

Throughout the text of this standard, read “..this European Standard...” to

mean “...this International Standard...”.

ISO 13934 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles —
Tensile properties of fabrics :

— Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum

force using the strip method

— Part 2: Determination of maximum force using the grab method

Annexes A to C of this part of ISO 13934 are for information only.

© ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet [email protected]
Printed in Switzerland

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Contents

Foreword .......................................................................................................... ............... iv

Introduction.............................................................................................................. ............... iv

1 Scope.................................................................................................................... .................. 1

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... ....... 1

3 Definitions ................................................................................................................ ................ 2

4 Principle .................................................................................................................. ................. 4

5 Sampling ................................................................................................................... ............... 4

6 Apparatus ................................................................................................................... ............... 4

7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing ................................................................................ 5

8 Preparation of test specimen................................................................................................ ... 5

9 Procedure ................................................................................................................... ............... 7

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10 Calculation and expression of results ................................................................................... 9
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11 Test report ................................................................................................................ ............... 9
ISO 13934-1:1999
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Annex A (informative) Suggested procedure for sampling ..................................................... 11
4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
Annex B (informative) Locations of test specimens cut from a laboratory sample .............. 12

Annex C (informative) Bibliography .......................................................................................... 13

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ISO 13934-1:199(E) © ISO

Foreword

The text of EN ISO 13934-1:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248
"Textiles and textile products", the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 "Textiles".

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1999, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1999.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

This part of EN ISO 13934 has been prepared in the context of several test methods for
determination of certain mechanical properties of textiles using mainly tensile testing machines,
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e.g. tensile properties, seam tensile properties, tear properties, seam slippage. The procedure for
these standards agree where appropriate. The results obtained by one of the methods should not
(standards.iteh.ai)
be compared with those obtained by the other methods.

ISO 13934 consists of the following parts, under ISOthe general title Textiles - Tensile properties of
13934-1:1999
fabrics: https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/030b8f2f-9229-444b-9fa4-
4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
- Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at
maximum force using a strip method

- Part 2: Determination of maximum force using a grab method

Annexes A, B and C of this part of EN ISO 13934 are for information only.

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1 Scope

This part of EN ISO 13934 specifies a procedure to determine the maximum force and elongation
at maximum force of textile fabrics using a strip method.

Note: Part 2 of EN ISO 13934 describes the method known as the grab method. For informative
references see annex C.

The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics. It can be applicable to fabrics produced
by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to woven elastic fabrics, geotextiles, nonwovens,
coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape
yarns (see annex C).

The method specifies the determination of the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of
test specimens in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing, and of test specimens in
the wet state.

The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines.

2 Normative references
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The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and partiesISO to agreements
13934-1:1999 based on this International Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/030b8f2f-9229-444b-9fa4-
indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International
4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
Standards.

EN 20139 Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing

(ISO 139:1973)

ISO 3696 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods

EN 10002-2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Verification of the force

measuring system of the tensile testing machines

EN 30012-1 Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment - Part 1:

Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment
(ISO 10012-1:1992)

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3 Definitions

For the purposes of this part of EN ISO 13934 the following definitions apply:

3.1 Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine

Tensile-testing machine provided with one clamp which is stationary and another clamp which
moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from
deflection.

3.2 Strip test

Tensile test in which the full width of the test specimen is gripped in the jaws of the testing
machine.

3.3 Gauge length

Distance between the two effective clamping points of a testing device.

Note : The effective clamping points (or lines) of jaws can be checked by clamping a test specimen
under defined pretension with carbon copy paper to produce a gripping pattern on the test
specimen and/or the jaw faces.

3.4 Initial length

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Length of a test specimen under specified pretension between the two effective clamping points at
the beginning of certain tests (see also 3.3). ISO 13934-1:1999
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3.5 Pretension 4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999

Force applied to a test specimen at the beginning of certain tests.

Note : Pretension is used to determine the initial length of the test specimen (see also 3.4 and
3.7).

3.6 Extension

Increase in length of a test specimen produced by a force. It is expressed in units of length.

3.7 Elongation

Ratio of the extension of a test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage.

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3.8 Elongation at maximum force

Elongation of a test specimen produced by the maximum force (see figure 1).

1. Force 5. Elongation at max. force

2. iTeh STANDARD
Maximum force PREVIEW
6. Elongation at rupture
3. Force at rupture 7. Elongation
4. Pretension
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ISO 13934-1:1999
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Figure 1 : 4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
Example of force-elongation curve

3.9 Elongation at rupture

Elongation of a test specimen corresponding to the force at rupture (see figure 1).

3.10 Force at rupture

Force recorded at the point of rupture of a test specimen during a tensile test (see figure 1).

3.11 Maximum force

The maximum force recorded when a test specimen is taken to rupture during a tensile test under
the specified conditions (see figure 1).

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4 Principle

A fabric test specimen of specified dimensions is extended at a constant rate until it ruptures. The
maximum force and the elongation at maximum force and, if required, the force at rupture and the
elongation at rupture are recorded.

5 Sampling

Select samples either in accordance with the procedure laid down in the material specification for
the fabric, or as agreed between the interested parties.

In the absence of an appropriate material specification the example of a suitable sampling

procedure given in annex A may be used.

An example of a suitable pattern for cutting test specimens from the laboratory sample is given in
annex B. Avoid test specimens from folded or creased areas, selvedges and areas not
representative of the fabric.

6 Apparatus iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

6.1 CRE machine (standards.iteh.ai)
Metrological confirmation system of the tensile-testing machine shall be in accordance with EN
ISO 13934-1:1999
30012-1. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/030b8f2f-9229-444b-9fa4-
4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
The constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine shall have the general characteristics given in
6.1.1 to 6.1.6.

6.1.1 The tensile-testing machine shall be provided with means for indicating or recording both the
force applied to the test specimen in stretching it to rupture and the corresponding extension of the
test specimen. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be class 1 of EN
10002-2. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which
the machine is used shall not exceed ± 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw
separation shall not exceed ± 1 mm.

6.1.2 If a class 2 tensile-testing machine according to EN 10002-2 is to be used, this shall be

stated in the test report.

6.1.3 If recording of force and elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and
software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second.

6.1.4 The machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension of 20 mm/min and 100 mm/min,
with an accuracy of ± 10 %.

6.1.5 The machine shall be capable of setting the gauge length to 100 mm and 200 mm, to within
± 1 mm.

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6.1.6 The clamping device of the machine shall be positioned with the centre of the two jaws in the
line of applied force, the front edges shall be at right angles to the line of applied force and their
clamping faces shall be in the same plane.

The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so
that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen.

The faces of the jaws shall be smooth and flat, except that when, even with packing, the test
specimen cannot be held satisfactorily with flat-faced jaws, engraved or corrugated jaws can be
used to prevent slippage. Other auxiliary materials for use with either smooth or corrugated jaws to
improve specimen gripping include paper, leather, plastics or rubber.

Note : If jaw breaks or slippage cannot be prevented with flat jaws, capstan jaws have often been
found suitable. Extension measurement can be carried out by means of an extensiometer which
follows the movement of two reference points on the test specimen.

The jaws preferably should have a width of at least 60 mm but shall not be less than the width of
the test specimen.

6.2 Equipment for cutting test specimens and for fraying them to obtain the required width.

6.3 Equipment in which test specimens can be immersed in water preparatory to wet testing.
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6.4 Grade 3 water in accordance with ISO 3696 for wetting test specimens.
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6.5 Nonionic wetting agent.
ISO 13934-1:1999
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4abaf2a6eb72/iso-13934-1-1999
7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing

The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN 20139.

Note : It is recommended that samples be conditioned for at least 24 h in the relaxed state.

Preconditioning and conditioning are not required for tests in the wet condition.

8 Preparation of test specimen

8.1 General

From each laboratory sample cut two sets of test specimens, one set in the warp direction and the
other in the weft direction (or in the machine and cross-machine directions, where applicable).

Each set shall consist of at least five test specimens, except that if a higher degree of precision is
required, more test specimens shall be tested. In accordance with clause 5 and annex B no test
specimens shall be cut from within 150 mm of either edge of the laboratory sample. No test
specimen taken from the warp direction shall contain the same longitudinal threads and no test
specimen taken from the weft direction shall contain the same picks.